WO2014001567A1 - Bond line assembly, method of joining composite parts and use thereof - Google Patents

Bond line assembly, method of joining composite parts and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014001567A1
WO2014001567A1 PCT/EP2013/063818 EP2013063818W WO2014001567A1 WO 2014001567 A1 WO2014001567 A1 WO 2014001567A1 EP 2013063818 W EP2013063818 W EP 2013063818W WO 2014001567 A1 WO2014001567 A1 WO 2014001567A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bond line
adhesive
spring element
opposing areas
legs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/063818
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Meldgaard
Lennart Kuehlmeier
Original Assignee
Se Blades Technology B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Se Blades Technology B.V. filed Critical Se Blades Technology B.V.
Publication of WO2014001567A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014001567A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/541—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms
    • B29C66/5414—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms said substantially flat extra element being rigid, e.g. a plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • B29C66/73756—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being fully cured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • Bond line assembly method of joining composite parts and use thereof
  • the present invention relates to a bond line assembly, a method of joining two consolidated and cured composite parts, the use thereof and a wind turbine.
  • bond line is used for the material constituting the joint between two consolidated and cured composite parts.
  • Peel stress may be defined as the stress in the adhesive of a bond line due to a force that acts to pull the bond line apart by separating a flexible member from a rigid member by peeling from one of the bond lines.
  • Cleavage stress may be defined as the stress in the adhesive of a bond line due to a force that acts to pull the bond line apart by separating two rigid members apart at one end of the bond line.
  • Peel and cleavage stresses are concentrated in a very small zone of the adhesive at the edge of the bond line.
  • WO 2009/062507 discloses a bond line comprising a high modulus adhesive having a convex shape at the edge and a low elastic modulus adhesive covering the edge of the high modulus adhesive. This type of joint is difficult to apply reliably during manufacture.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved blade for a wind turbine i.e. comprising a bond line that is reliable and with increased resistance to loading.
  • the bond line further comprising a V-shaped spring element with two legs and a vertex and where one of said legs are connected to a first of said opposing areas by said adhesive, and the other of said legs connected to a second of said opposing areas by said adhesive.
  • the vertex can preferably comprise a rounded embodiment or as well show a sharp form.
  • the V-shaped spring element ensures a gradual stiffness transition to the bond lines and at the same time effectively reduces cleavage of the bond line. This ensures a high strength of the bond line.
  • the available space behind the V-shaped spring element can be partially or fully filled with adhesive depending on what is most favourable for production and design reasons.
  • the spring element is a structural supporting member acting between the two opposing areas which arranges and embodied in such that can conduct forces between those opposing areas.
  • the spring element is not an element like a strip which supports the applying of adhesive by providing a form so the adhesive is freely flowing according to gravity.
  • the V-shaped spring element is a consolidated and cured composite element. This is a very robust solution for a V-shaped spring element. Furthermore, then the V-shaped element is made from the same material as the two opposing areas, thereby the chosen adhesive is compatible with both surfaces of respectively the spring element and the inner surfaces of the composite parts.
  • the bond line provides a strong, robust, and simple joint between two consolidated and cured composite parts.
  • the bond line is further peculiar in that the bond line comprises a spring element that is at least partly embedded in the adhesive between the two composite parts. Thereby the V-shaped spring element is further reducing peel or cleavage stresses in an edge portion of the bond line.
  • the length of the two legs of said V-shaped spring element is at least as long as the distance between said opposing areas.
  • the gradual stiffness transition has a sufficient length for obtaining a satisfactory strength.
  • the distance between the opposing areas increases and said V- shaped spring element is positioned with the rounded vertex where the opposing areas have the shortest distance.
  • the V-shaped spring has a further advantage in that by choosing a larger angle between the legs of the V- shaped spring element, gradual transition can be maintained.
  • the V-shaped spring element is integrated with at least one of said composite parts. This can be an advantage for specific designs and will further simplify the process of positioning the V-shaped spring element when assembling the two composite parts.
  • the adhesive is thixotropic. This material has a specific advantage when assembling composite elements made from fibre.
  • the invention further relates to a wind turbine blade comprising at least one bond line assembly according to the invention.
  • the invention further relates to a wind turbine comprising such a wind turbine blade.
  • a wind turbine blade is disclosed comprising an upper shell and a lower shell which are connected via the so called trailing edge and while the bond line having the V-shaped spring element with two legs is located in the area of this trailing edge while the one leg is connected to the upper shell and the other leg is arranged at the a lower shell.
  • the space formed by the V-shaped spring element and the trailing edge and respectively by the upper and lower shell can be filled up with adhesive.
  • the blade my advantageously comprise partly or entirely elements of the early discussed bond line.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a bond line assembly according to the invention.
  • the bond line assembly is used for joining a shell and a spar or web of a wind turbine blade. Especially in connection with wind turbine blades, which are being exposed to extreme forces during use, high strength bond lines are important.
  • the bond line is for joining consolidated and cured composite parts of a wind turbine blade.
  • the invention further relates to a method of joining a first and a second consolidated and cured composite part, wherein the method comprises forming a bond line by applying uncured adhesive between two opposing areas of the inner surfaces of said composite parts.
  • the step of forming a bond line comprises providing a V-shaped spring element with two legs and a preferably rounded vertex between said opposing areas, where one of said legs is connected to a first of said opposing areas by said adhesive and the other of said legs is connected to a second of said opposing areas by said adhesive.
  • the method comprises a step of moving the spring element into the adhesive. Thereby a simple way of positioning the V-shaped spring element is obtained.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a prior art bond line joining
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a bond line joining according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative of a bond line joining according to the present invention
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the bond line and flexible end of one end of a flexible flange support
  • Fig. 5 illustrates flexible flange supports used for supporting the opposing elements of a wind turbine blade.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a prior art bond line joining
  • the bond line 101 is produced by applying uncured adhesive paste to the lower part shell 103 and subsequently closing the blade mould and thereby adhesively bonding the upper part shell 105 to the lower.
  • the adhesive paste is squeezed to a varying width and shape depending on the amount of paste applied and the geometrical factors.
  • This type adhesive joint has the advantage that it is simple to produce and for smaller blades the strength of the construction has proven sufficient.
  • the structure inherently lacks robustness in the sense that the produced width of the bond line and the geometry of the bond line end are not very well controlled. Consequently some blades may be manufactured with bond lines of insufficient width and/or unfavourable geometry which will lead to a weaker adhesive joint bond line 101 .
  • the bond line is designed in a way which leads to cleavage 107 stemming from when the two shells move relative to each other during operational loads as illustrated by the arrows 109.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a bond line joining 210 according to the present invention, the bond line joining a first 203 and a second 205 consolidated and cured composite part by joining two opposing areas of their inner surfaces using an adhesive 207 between the areas.
  • the bond line comprises a V-shaped spring element 209 with two legs 21 1 , 213 and a rounded vertex 215 and where one of said legs 21 1 are connected to a first of said opposing areas 203 by said adhesive 207 and the other 213 of said legs connected to a second 205 of said opposing areas by said adhesive.
  • the V-shaped spring element 209 is used to alleviate the cleavage forces on the tail bond line and at the same time it is not attracting unnecessary high loads to the stiffened part.
  • the V-shaped spring element 209 is preferably made of a glass/polymer composite material which can sustain high dynamic loading without suffering fatigue damage.
  • the attachment of the flexible body itself is as shown done with existing adhesive paste material but without introducing any bond lines which are subject to cleavage.
  • the flexibility as well as the V-shape of the V-shaped spring element ensures a gradual stiffness transition to the bond lines and at the same time effectively reduces cleavage of the tail bond line. This ensures a high strength of the bond line.
  • the available space behind the V-shaped spring element 209 can be partially or fully filled with adhesive depending on what is most favourable for production and design reasons.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative of a bond line joining according to the present invention where the available space behind the V-shaped spring element 209 are fully filled with adhesive 207.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a bond line 301 between a flexible flange support 305 and the blade shell 303.
  • the bond is made via an adhesive
  • the flexible flange support comprises a stiff sandwich element 306 connected to a flexible part 307, wherein the flexible part 307 is similar to the V-shaped spring element described above and can be made from similar material.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the flexible flange supports 300, 302 used for supporting the opposing elements 306, 308 of a wind turbine blade; here the spring functionality from the V-shaped spring element is used.
  • the flange supports 300, 302 are internal stiffeners in the wind turbine blade 300.
  • the bond line of the main shear webs in blades carry load in a combination of shear load and normal loading.
  • the shear loading comes from the wind direct loading component as a pressure field on the blade surface whereas the normal load (tension and compression) mainly comes from the change in cross section geometry as function of a moment load (known as the Brazier effect).
  • the latter can be very damaging to adhesive bond lines as these are inherently weak towards normal tensile loading (perpendicular to the adhesive surface) which introduces peeling in the bond line.
  • the flexible adhesive flange support can either be in the full blade length or only in the first 1/3 of the blade length where the most frequent bond line damages typically occur during blade testing and on blades in operation.
  • One advantage of having the flexible adhesive flange support in only a part of the blade length is that the buckling reserve of the supported blade shell will be reduced due to a lower support stiffness of the MSW.
  • the advantages of having reduced bond line peeling forces can be exploited without sacrificing buckling stability in other parts of the blade.
  • the geometrical realization of the flexible support can be many, however, in an embodiment it is made with monolithic fibre/polymer matrix laminate with high fatigue resistance and that the flexibility is obtained by introduction of bending in the laminate instead of predominantly in plane forces.

Abstract

Bond line joining (210), a first (203) and a second (205) consolidated and cured composite part by joining two opposing areas of their inner surfaces using an adhesive (207) between said areas. This is achieved by the bond line further comprises a V- shaped spring element (209) with two legs (211, 213) and a vertex (215) and where one of said legs (213) is connected to a first of said opposing areas by said adhesive (207) and the other of said legs (215) is connected to a second of said opposing areas by said adhesive (207). A method to produce the bond line joining (210), and its application to wind turbine blades is also disclosed.

Description

Bond line assembly, method of joining composite parts and use thereof
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a bond line assembly, a method of joining two consolidated and cured composite parts, the use thereof and a wind turbine.
In the present application the term "bond line" is used for the material constituting the joint between two consolidated and cured composite parts.
Background of the Invention Mechanically robust wind turbine blades are important in order to ensure low maintenance cost and high availability of operating wind turbines. It has been observed that adhesive bond lines and in particular trailing edge bond lines are seen to have insufficient robustness/strength and are therefore often subject to damage.
As blade length and size increases the blade adhesive joints become increasingly stressed, thus emphasising the need for design solutions which focus on high strength and robustness.
The shells of a wind turbine blade are subject to out of plane deflections trying to force apart the shells. These deflections result in out of plane forces in the trailing edge bond. Conventional trailing edge bond lines such as the one shown in prior art fig. 1 a tend to have a convex shape at the edge of the bond. At the point where the inner surface of the shells meets the bond line is a crack initiation point. When the shells are forced away from each other in the direction indicated with the arrows of fig. 1 b the peel and/or the cleavage stresses are very high at the crack initiation point.
Peel stress may be defined as the stress in the adhesive of a bond line due to a force that acts to pull the bond line apart by separating a flexible member from a rigid member by peeling from one of the bond lines.
Cleavage stress may be defined as the stress in the adhesive of a bond line due to a force that acts to pull the bond line apart by separating two rigid members apart at one end of the bond line.
Peel and cleavage stresses are concentrated in a very small zone of the adhesive at the edge of the bond line.
WO 2009/062507 discloses a bond line comprising a high modulus adhesive having a convex shape at the edge and a low elastic modulus adhesive covering the edge of the high modulus adhesive. This type of joint is difficult to apply reliably during manufacture.
Object of the Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved blade for a wind turbine i.e. comprising a bond line that is reliable and with increased resistance to loading.
Description of the Invention
According to the present invention, this is achieved by the bond line further comprising a V-shaped spring element with two legs and a vertex and where one of said legs are connected to a first of said opposing areas by said adhesive, and the other of said legs connected to a second of said opposing areas by said adhesive. The vertex can preferably comprise a rounded embodiment or as well show a sharp form. The V-shaped spring element ensures a gradual stiffness transition to the bond lines and at the same time effectively reduces cleavage of the bond line. This ensures a high strength of the bond line. The available space behind the V-shaped spring element can be partially or fully filled with adhesive depending on what is most favourable for production and design reasons.
Thus, the spring element is a structural supporting member acting between the two opposing areas which arranges and embodied in such that can conduct forces between those opposing areas. The spring element is not an element like a strip which supports the applying of adhesive by providing a form so the adhesive is freely flowing according to gravity.
In an embodiment the V-shaped spring element is a consolidated and cured composite element. This is a very robust solution for a V-shaped spring element. Furthermore, then the V-shaped element is made from the same material as the two opposing areas, thereby the chosen adhesive is compatible with both surfaces of respectively the spring element and the inner surfaces of the composite parts. The bond line provides a strong, robust, and simple joint between two consolidated and cured composite parts. The bond line is further peculiar in that the bond line comprises a spring element that is at least partly embedded in the adhesive between the two composite parts. Thereby the V-shaped spring element is further reducing peel or cleavage stresses in an edge portion of the bond line.
By the gradual stiffness transition obtained via V-shaped spring element as part of the bond line it is achieved, that the resistance to peel and/or cleavage stresses are decreased in the bond line, such that the stresses are reduced below the threshold of structural failure due to peel or cleavage in the edge portion of the bond line. In an embodiment the length of the two legs of said V-shaped spring element is at least as long as the distance between said opposing areas. Thereby the gradual stiffness transition has a sufficient length for obtaining a satisfactory strength. In an embodiment the distance between the opposing areas increases and said V- shaped spring element is positioned with the rounded vertex where the opposing areas have the shortest distance. In an embodiment like this, the V-shaped spring has a further advantage in that by choosing a larger angle between the legs of the V- shaped spring element, gradual transition can be maintained.
In an embodiment the V-shaped spring element is integrated with at least one of said composite parts. This can be an advantage for specific designs and will further simplify the process of positioning the V-shaped spring element when assembling the two composite parts. In an embodiment the adhesive is thixotropic. This material has a specific advantage when assembling composite elements made from fibre.
The invention further relates to a wind turbine blade comprising at least one bond line assembly according to the invention. The invention further relates to a wind turbine comprising such a wind turbine blade. In such preferred use a wind turbine blade is disclosed comprising an upper shell and a lower shell which are connected via the so called trailing edge and while the bond line having the V-shaped spring element with two legs is located in the area of this trailing edge while the one leg is connected to the upper shell and the other leg is arranged at the a lower shell. The space formed by the V-shaped spring element and the trailing edge and respectively by the upper and lower shell can be filled up with adhesive.
The blade my advantageously comprise partly or entirely elements of the early discussed bond line.
The invention further relates to the use of a bond line assembly according to the invention. ln an embodiment the bond line assembly is used for joining a shell and a spar or web of a wind turbine blade. Especially in connection with wind turbine blades, which are being exposed to extreme forces during use, high strength bond lines are important. In an embodiment the bond line is for joining consolidated and cured composite parts of a wind turbine blade.
The invention further relates to a method of joining a first and a second consolidated and cured composite part, wherein the method comprises forming a bond line by applying uncured adhesive between two opposing areas of the inner surfaces of said composite parts. The step of forming a bond line comprises providing a V-shaped spring element with two legs and a preferably rounded vertex between said opposing areas, where one of said legs is connected to a first of said opposing areas by said adhesive and the other of said legs is connected to a second of said opposing areas by said adhesive. In an embodiment after adding adhesive between said opposing areas the method comprises a step of moving the spring element into the adhesive. Thereby a simple way of positioning the V-shaped spring element is obtained.
Description of the Drawing The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing, where:
Fig. 1 illustrates a prior art bond line joining,
Fig. 2 illustrates a bond line joining according to the present invention,
Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative of a bond line joining according to the present invention, Fig. 4 illustrates the bond line and flexible end of one end of a flexible flange support, and
Fig. 5 illustrates flexible flange supports used for supporting the opposing elements of a wind turbine blade.
Detailed Description of the Invention
In the explanation of the figures identical or corresponding elements will be provided with the same designations in different figures. Therefore, no explanation of all details will be given in connection with each single figure/embodiment. Fig. 1 illustrates a prior art bond line joining, the bond line 101 is produced by applying uncured adhesive paste to the lower part shell 103 and subsequently closing the blade mould and thereby adhesively bonding the upper part shell 105 to the lower. During the assembly process the adhesive paste is squeezed to a varying width and shape depending on the amount of paste applied and the geometrical factors.
This type adhesive joint has the advantage that it is simple to produce and for smaller blades the strength of the construction has proven sufficient. However, the structure inherently lacks robustness in the sense that the produced width of the bond line and the geometry of the bond line end are not very well controlled. Consequently some blades may be manufactured with bond lines of insufficient width and/or unfavourable geometry which will lead to a weaker adhesive joint bond line 101 .
In the terms of structural considerations, in this way the bond line is designed in a way which leads to cleavage 107 stemming from when the two shells move relative to each other during operational loads as illustrated by the arrows 109.
This loading condition is generally recognized as being the least favourable of all for any bond line. Fig. 2 illustrates a bond line joining 210 according to the present invention, the bond line joining a first 203 and a second 205 consolidated and cured composite part by joining two opposing areas of their inner surfaces using an adhesive 207 between the areas. The bond line comprises a V-shaped spring element 209 with two legs 21 1 , 213 and a rounded vertex 215 and where one of said legs 21 1 are connected to a first of said opposing areas 203 by said adhesive 207 and the other 213 of said legs connected to a second 205 of said opposing areas by said adhesive.
In the proposed method the V-shaped spring element 209 is used to alleviate the cleavage forces on the tail bond line and at the same time it is not attracting unnecessary high loads to the stiffened part. The V-shaped spring element 209 is preferably made of a glass/polymer composite material which can sustain high dynamic loading without suffering fatigue damage. The attachment of the flexible body itself is as shown done with existing adhesive paste material but without introducing any bond lines which are subject to cleavage. The flexibility as well as the V-shape of the V-shaped spring element ensures a gradual stiffness transition to the bond lines and at the same time effectively reduces cleavage of the tail bond line. This ensures a high strength of the bond line.
The available space behind the V-shaped spring element 209 can be partially or fully filled with adhesive depending on what is most favourable for production and design reasons.
Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative of a bond line joining according to the present invention where the available space behind the V-shaped spring element 209 are fully filled with adhesive 207.
Fig. 4 illustrates a bond line 301 between a flexible flange support 305 and the blade shell 303. The bond is made via an adhesive, and the flexible flange support comprises a stiff sandwich element 306 connected to a flexible part 307, wherein the flexible part 307 is similar to the V-shaped spring element described above and can be made from similar material. Fig. 5 illustrates the flexible flange supports 300, 302 used for supporting the opposing elements 306, 308 of a wind turbine blade; here the spring functionality from the V-shaped spring element is used. The flange supports 300, 302 are internal stiffeners in the wind turbine blade 300. The bond line of the main shear webs in blades carry load in a combination of shear load and normal loading. The shear loading comes from the wind direct loading component as a pressure field on the blade surface whereas the normal load (tension and compression) mainly comes from the change in cross section geometry as function of a moment load (known as the Brazier effect). The latter can be very damaging to adhesive bond lines as these are inherently weak towards normal tensile loading (perpendicular to the adhesive surface) which introduces peeling in the bond line.
By having flexible flange supports 300, 302 a decrease of the normal forces acting on the bond line is obtained. The flexible adhesive flange support can either be in the full blade length or only in the first 1/3 of the blade length where the most frequent bond line damages typically occur during blade testing and on blades in operation.
One advantage of having the flexible adhesive flange support in only a part of the blade length is that the buckling reserve of the supported blade shell will be reduced due to a lower support stiffness of the MSW. By having the flexible adhesive support in only a part of the blade length, the advantages of having reduced bond line peeling forces can be exploited without sacrificing buckling stability in other parts of the blade.
The geometrical realization of the flexible support can be many, however, in an embodiment it is made with monolithic fibre/polymer matrix laminate with high fatigue resistance and that the flexibility is obtained by introduction of bending in the laminate instead of predominantly in plane forces.

Claims

Claims
1 . Bond line joining a first and a second consolidated and cured composite part
- by joining two opposing areas of their inner surfaces
- using an adhesive between said areas
characterized in that
- the bond line further comprises a V-shaped spring element
- with two legs and a vertex,
- and where one of said legs are connected to a first of said opposing areas by said adhesive and
- the other of said legs connected to a second of said opposing areas by said adhesive.
2. Bond line according to claim 1 characterized in that the V-shaped spring element is a consolidated and cured composite element.
3. Bond line according to claim 1 -2, characterized in that the length of the two legs of said V-shaped spring element is at least as long as the distance between said opposing areas.
4. Bond line according to claim 1 -3, characterized in that the distance between the opposing areas increases and that said V-shaped spring element is positioned with the rounded vertex where the opposing areas have the shortest distance.
5. Bond line according to any of the claims 1 -4 characterized in that the V-shaped spring element is integrated with at least one of said composite parts.
6. Method of joining a first and a second consolidated and cured composite parts, wherein the method comprises forming a bond line by applying uncured adhesive between two opposing areas of the inner surfaces of said composite parts characterized in that the step of forming a bond line comprises a step of providing a V-shaped spring element with two legs and a rounded vertex between said opposing areas, where one of said legs is connected to a first of said opposing areas by said adhesive and the other of said legs is connected to a second of said opposing areas by said adhesive.
7. Method according to claim 7 characterized in that after adding adhesive between said opposing areas the method comprises a step of moving the spring element into the adhesive.
8. Use of a bond line assembly according to any of the claims 1 -5 for joining two shells of a wind turbine blade at the trailing edge of the wind turbine blade.
9. Use of a bond line assembly according to any of the claims 1 -5 for joining a shell and a spar or web of a wind turbine blade.
10. Use of a method according to any of the claims 6-7 for joining consolidated and cured composite parts of a wind turbine blade.
1 1 . Wind turbine blade comprising at least one bond line assembly according to any of the claims 1 -5.
12. Wind turbine comprising a wind turbine blade according to claim 1 1 .
PCT/EP2013/063818 2012-06-29 2013-07-01 Bond line assembly, method of joining composite parts and use thereof WO2014001567A1 (en)

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WO2020254210A1 (en) * 2019-06-17 2020-12-24 Blade Dynamics Limited Method for producing a wind turbine blade
WO2021076097A1 (en) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 General Electric Company Methods of joining blade components of wind turbine rotor blades using positioning elements
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EP3015703A1 (en) * 2014-10-27 2016-05-04 General Electric Company System and method for controlling bonding material in a wind turbine blade
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CN114211797B (en) * 2021-11-24 2024-01-23 东方电气风电股份有限公司 Wind power blade web rapid bonding structure and rapid forming method thereof

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