WO2012042076A1 - Water or wind turbine propeller - Google Patents

Water or wind turbine propeller Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012042076A1
WO2012042076A1 PCT/ES2011/000294 ES2011000294W WO2012042076A1 WO 2012042076 A1 WO2012042076 A1 WO 2012042076A1 ES 2011000294 W ES2011000294 W ES 2011000294W WO 2012042076 A1 WO2012042076 A1 WO 2012042076A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
warped
shaft
region
central region
propeller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/000294
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jaume Motas Valls
Original Assignee
Jecsalis Dissenys I Patentes, Sl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jecsalis Dissenys I Patentes, Sl filed Critical Jecsalis Dissenys I Patentes, Sl
Publication of WO2012042076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012042076A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/04—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with substantially axial flow throughout rotors, e.g. propeller turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/915—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable
    • F05B2240/9152—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged
    • F05B2240/91521—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged at ground level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a water or wind turbine propeller useful, for example, in the field of harnessing marine, sea or river currents to produce mechanical movement applicable to electric generation or other uses, or in the field of harnessing wind energy to produce mechanical movement applicable to power generation or other uses.
  • Numerous devices are known in the state of the art to convert the force of water currents, for example in seas, oceans, lakes, rivers and canals, into mechanical movement that is generally used to move an electric generator, although alternatively it may have other uses, such as water pumping. Numerous devices are also known to convert wind energy into mechanical movement that is generally used to move an electric generator, although it may alternatively have other uses, such as water pumping.
  • a common element in most of these devices is a turbine provided with a propeller connected to a motor shaft and arranged to receive the action of moving water or air.
  • axial turbines comprise a propeller provided with warped vanes on which the water or air flowing in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the turbine acts. The flow of water or air, being diverted laterally by the warped vanes, rotates the propeller and the shaft connected to it.
  • An objective of the present invention is to provide a wind or water turbine propeller that can be manufactured at a low cost using materials and techniques readily available by a majority of potential users and beneficiaries and at the same time providing an acceptable energy efficiency.
  • the above and other objectives are achieved in accordance with the present invention by providing a wind or water turbine propeller the conception of which is inspired by a configuration reminiscent of a classic paper grinder, with improvements planned to increase its energy efficiency for the functions to which it is applied
  • the water or wind turbine propeller of the present invention comprises a body made of cut, bent and welded sheet.
  • the sheet can be for example metal sheet, preferably steel, although other materials such as aluminum or materials based on synthetic resins with reinforcing fibers are not discarded.
  • the mentioned body has a central region configured to be fixed to a tree.
  • This central region comprises a substantially flat rear central region and perpendicular to the axis of said tree, and a front central region that is separated from said rear central region.
  • a plurality of warped vanes are distributed around said central region so that they extend therefrom to receive the action of water or air.
  • Each of said warped vanes has a curved region with a rear end connected to the rear central region and a front end connected to said front central region.
  • the width of the warped vanes gradually decreases from said rear end to the front end, and each warped vane has an opening in a front part of said curved region to allow the entry of water or air towards a rear part of the curved region.
  • said opening of each warped vane is defined by cuts formed in the corresponding curved region leaving between them a portion of raised sheet forming a warped auxiliary vane extending outward from the warped vane in an adjacent position to the opening
  • This auxiliary fin helps to drive the rotation of the propeller body and also contributes to direct the flow of water or air diverted therethrough through the opening and towards the rear of the curved region of the corresponding warped vane to add a additional impulse to the rotation of the propeller.
  • each warped auxiliary vane has a rear end connected to the curved portion of the warped vane at a peripheral portion thereof and a front end proximal to the front central region and separated from the warped trowel.
  • the width of each warped auxiliary blade gradually decreases from its rear end to its front end.
  • each warped trowel has first, second and third edges.
  • the first edge is a rear edge that has a proximal end adjacent to the rear central region and a distal end away from the rear central region.
  • this first edge is substantially rectilinear and coplanar with the central rear region, and is substantially aligned with the center thereof such that it is a radial edge.
  • the second edge is a curved edge that goes from the mentioned distal end of the first edge to the central front region.
  • the third edge is also a curved edge that goes from said proximal end of the first edge of an adjacent warped vane to the front central region, where it approximately converges with the second edge.
  • the turbine propeller of the present invention typically has four warped vanes located at 90 degree intervals around the body thereof. However, there is no technical impediment so that the turbine propeller may alternatively have two, three, or more than four warped blades with the characteristics defined above.
  • the rear central region and the front central region of the propeller body are connected by a rigid connecting member aligned with the shaft of the shaft, which contributes to maintaining the desired separation between the two and transmitting the forces from one to the other.
  • a rigid connecting member aligned with the shaft of the shaft, which contributes to maintaining the desired separation between the two and transmitting the forces from one to the other.
  • the fact that the front central region of the propeller body is separated from the rear central region provides extraordinary structural rigidity against the force of the flow of water or air that impacts the propeller in the axial direction.
  • the aforementioned warped auxiliary blades of the wind or water turbine propeller of the present invention have their rear end connected to the curved portion of the corresponding blade warped by a hinge, so that said warped auxiliary blades can be folded or extended
  • the propeller comprises a mechanism for regulating the extension of the warped auxiliary vanes based on a telescopic central shaft that is shortened by compressing an elastic element and lengthening, and a hydraulic cylinder device connected to each other by a closed circuit of hydraulic fluid for fold the warped auxiliary vanes when the tree is shortened by a strong water current or a strong wind and to extend the warped auxiliary vanes when the tree lengthens by the effect of the elastic element as a consequence a current of loose water or a loose wind.
  • the water or wind turbine propeller of the present invention automatically adapts to the force of the water stream or wind.
  • the propeller of the present invention is applied to a windmill useful for various uses, and more specifically to a wind turbine, which has as an outstanding feature that the wind turbine propeller, revolves around a horizontal tree and is installed on top of a tower of relatively low height, for example a height of 7 to 10 meters from the tower plus the propeller, in combination with radially arranged wind screens around the tower to direct the wind towards the wind turbine propeller.
  • the mentioned wind screens can be formed by plantations of cypresses aligned and close to each other.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wind or water turbine propeller according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of the propeller of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of a sheet metal element from which the propeller of Fig. 1 can be made according to a manufacturing method
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of several sheet metal elements from which the propeller of Fig. 1 can be made according to another alternative manufacturing method;
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of the various sheet metal elements of assembled Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a front view of the wind or water turbine propeller of the present invention applied to a wind turbine;
  • Fig. 7 is a partially sectioned side view of the wind turbine of the
  • Fig. 6 incorporating a regulation device associated with the propeller
  • Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a pit associated with the base of the wind turbine
  • Fig. 9 is a plan view of the wind turbine with associated wind screens.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show a water or wind turbine propeller according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising a body 1 having a rear central region 2a, a front central region 2b and a plurality of warped vanes 3 distributed thereto around and extending from said rear central region 2a to said front central region 2b to receive the action of a flow of water or air moving in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the propeller.
  • the central rear 2a and front central 2b regions are designed to be fixed to a shaft 12 (Fig. 1), which in turn is connected to drive an electric generator or any other device (not shown).
  • the body 1 of the propeller is made of one or several pieces of cut, bent and welded sheet metal, as will be described below.
  • the rear central region 2a is substantially flat and perpendicular to the axis of said shaft 12, and the front central region 2b is separated from the rear central region 2a.
  • the shaft 12 has an end connected to the rear side of the rear central region 2a, in the center thereof, while the rear central region 2a and the front central region 2b are connected by a rigid connecting member 7 (Fig. 1) aligned with the axis of the tree 12.
  • Each of said warped vanes 3 has a curved region with a rear end 3a connected to the rear central region 2a and a front end 3b connected to the front central region 2b.
  • the width of said warped vanes 3 gradually decreases from said rear end 3a to said front end 3b.
  • each warped vane 3 is in the form of a folded sheet triangle, which has a first rear edge 6a with a proximal end adjacent to the rear central region 2a and a distal end away from the rear central region 2a.
  • this first edge 6a is substantially rectilinear and coplanar with the central rear region 2a, and is substantially aligned with the center thereof.
  • a second edge 6b of each warped vane 3 is a curved edge that goes from said distal end of the first edge 6a to the front central region 2b.
  • the warped vane 3 has a third curved edge 6c that goes from the mentioned proximal end of the first edge 6a of a warped vane
  • each warped vane 3 has an opening
  • This opening 4 is preferably defined by cuts 9 formed in the curved region of each warped vane 3 so that between said cuts 9 is a portion of sheet metal that once raised forms a warped auxiliary vane 5 extending outwardly from the vane warped 3 in a position adjacent to the opening 4.
  • each warped auxiliary vane 5 resembles a bent sheet triangle, two of whose edges are formed by said cuts 9, which converge at a vertex near the front central region 2b, and whose third edge is connected to a peripheral part of the curved portion of the warped vane 3.
  • the width of each warped auxiliary vane 5 gradually decreases from its rear end 5a, which is connected to the curved portion of the warped vane 3 in said peripheral part thereof. , to its front end 5b, which is close to the front central region 2b and separated from the warped vane 3.
  • Fig. 3 shows a first sheet element 10 from which the propeller of Fig. 1 can be made according to a manufacturing method.
  • the first sheet element 10 is flat and generally has the shape of a square with a center 11 and first cuts 8 extending from each of its vertices to a position close to said center 11.
  • the first cuts 8 divide the first sheet element 10 in four portions 10a, in each of which a few second cuts 9 are formed.
  • each of the portions 10a of the first sheet metal element 10 will form one of the warped vanes 3, and the second cuts 9 will form the openings 4 and corresponding auxiliary warped vanes 5 as described above.
  • one of the ends of each portion 10a is folded in the direction of the center 11 in a manner analogous to that used to construct a classic paper grinder. Subsequently, the sheet portions between the second cuts 9 must be lifted outward to form the openings 4 and warped auxiliary vanes 5.
  • Fig. 4 shows four substantially triangular sheet elements 21, 22, 23, 24, each of which includes the second cuts 9. These four sheet elements 21, 22, 23, 24 are subsequently welded together in the manner shown in Fig. 5 to form a second sheet metal element 20, which is all analogous to the first sheet element 10 described above in relation to the Fig. 3 except for welding beads 25 extending from the center 11 to the proximal end of the corresponding first cuts 8.
  • the formation of the warped vanes 3, openings 4 and auxiliary warped vanes 5 is carried out from the portions of the second sheet metal element 20 defined by the first and second cuts 8, 9 as described above for the first sheet metal element 10.
  • the second cuts 9 could be initially absent from the sheet element and could be made after folding the portions thereof to form the warped vanes 3, or the second cuts could completely cut the corresponding sheet element to form the openings 4, in which case the auxiliary warped vanes 5 would be made of individual sheet elements joined to the body 10 by welding.
  • the water or wind turbine propeller of the present invention can be manufactured in accordance with many other methods using a variety of materials, such as metal sheets or materials Synthetic with fiber reinforcement.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show the propeller of the present invention used as a wind turbine propeller, where the body 1 of the propeller is installed on top of a tower 30 so that the shaft 12 can rotate with respect to a horizontal axis.
  • a gear forwarding 31 transmits the rotation of the shaft 12 to a vertical shaft 32 installed in the center of the tower 30.
  • the wind turbine On the side opposite the body 1 of the propeller relative to the gear forwarding, the wind turbine has a rudder 33 supported on a support 34, and the assembly formed by the body 1 of the propeller and the rudder 33 can rotate with respect to the vertical axis of the vertical shaft 32, so that the body 1 of the propeller is automatically oriented in the most favorable direction by the effect of the wind over the helm 33.
  • the rotation of the vertical shaft can be used for multiple purposes, such as operating a needle pump or operating an electric generator.
  • the wind turbine propeller is analogous to that described above in relation to Figs. 1 and 2, where the body 1 of the propeller includes warped vanes 3 and warped auxiliary vanes 5 formed in the warped vanes 3, where the warped auxiliary vanes 5 occupy fixed positions in relation to the warped vanes 3.
  • the wind turbine propeller includes a regulating device that allows varying the position of the warped auxiliary vanes 5 in relation to the warped vanes 3 depending on the force of the wind.
  • the rear end 5a of the warped auxiliary vanes 5 is connected to the corresponding warped vanes 3 by means of hinges 35.
  • the shaft 12 has a grooved hollow interior in which an equally grooved drive shaft 12a is inserted connected to the gear forwarding 31, so that the shaft 12 can slide axially in relation to the drive shaft 12a and at the same time transmits a torque to the drive shaft 12a.
  • a flexible element is installed between the shaft 12 and the transmission shaft 12a, such as a compression coil spring 36 arranged around the auxiliary shaft 12a, so that when the wind is strong the shaft 12 approaches the transmission shaft 12a and when the wind is weak compression coil spring 36 moves the shaft 12 away from the drive shaft 12a.
  • a first hydraulic cylinder 37 has one end fixed to the shaft 12 or to the body 1 of the propeller and another end fixed to the drive shaft 12a, so that said first hydraulic cylinder 37 contracts or expands according to the movements of the shaft 12 in relation to the drive shaft 12a.
  • a second hydraulic cylinder 38 has one end fixed to the body 1 of the propeller and another end fixed to the warped auxiliary vane 5.
  • a conduit 39 hydraulically connects both first and second hydraulic cylinders 37, 38 through a closed circuit of hydraulic fluid, so that when, due to strong wind, the shaft 12 approaches the drive shaft 12a, the warped auxiliary vanes 5 fold towards a position close to the corresponding warped vanes 3, thereby capturing less wind, and when by effect from a weak wind the shaft 12 moves away from the transmission shaft 12a, the warped auxiliary vanes 5 are deployed to capture more wind.
  • Fig. 8 the wind turbine of Figs. 6 or 7 applied to drive an electric generator 41 installed in a pit 40 dug below the tower 30.
  • the pit 40 has side walls and a concrete floor 42a, 42b and the tower 30 is fixed to a slab of concrete 43 dimensioned to cover the pit 40.
  • the concrete slab 43 is connected to one of the side walls 42a of the pit by a hinge 44, so that the tower 30 and the concrete slab 43 can rotate with respect to the hinge 44 to leave free the upper entrance of the pit 40.
  • the concrete slab 43 has an opening 45 that allows access of a person to the inside of the pit with the help of a ladder 46 fixed to the side wall 42a of the pit 40 when the concrete slab 43 is in a closed position.
  • the concrete slab 43 includes one or more vents 49 therethrough.
  • a gear multiplier 47 Inside the pit is a gear multiplier 47 that has an input shaft 48 aligned with the vertical shaft 32 when the concrete slab 43 is in the closed position.
  • the input shaft 48 of the gear multiplier 47 is connected with the vertical shaft 32 by respective coupling elements 50, 51.
  • the gear multiplier 47 has an output shaft 52 connected to the electric generator 41.
  • the electricity generated is conducted by conductive cables 53 to an electrical control panel 54, and from it to the outside.
  • Fig. 9 shows an installation that includes the wind turbine with the propeller 1 of the present invention, the rudder 33, and the tower 30 fixed to the concrete slab 43 installed in a land 55.
  • cypresses 56 which are arranged forming radial rows 57 that converge towards the tower 30.
  • the cypresses 56 are close enough to each other to form a wind screen that directs the wind towards the propeller 1 of the wind turbine. This allows to obtain an acceptable energy efficiency with a total tower height plus the relatively low propeller, for example from 7 to 10 meters.
  • cypresses contribute to hide the wind turbine seen from afar to reduce the environmental impact.
  • said wind screens may be formed by any material other than the cypresses 56 planted in rows 57
  • the propeller of the present invention can also be applied to an aquatic turbine using marine, maritime or river currents for power generation or for other uses such as pumping of Water.

Abstract

The invention relates to a propeller comprising a body (1) made from a cut, bent and assembled plate, including a rear central region (2a) that is substantially flat and perpendicular to the axis of the shaft (12) and a front central region (2b) separated from the rear central region (2a). In addition, cambered blades (3) include a curved region with a rear end (3a) connected to the rear central region (2a) and a front end (3b) connected to the front central region (2b). The width of the cambered blades (3) decreases gradually from the rear end (3a) to the front end (3b). Each cambered blade (3) includes an opening (4) in the front part of the curved region in order to allow the inflow of water or air towards the rear part of the curved region.

Description

HÉLICE DE TURBINA ACUÁTICA O EÓLICA  WATER OR WIND TURBINE
Campo de la técnica Technical field
La presente invención concierne a una hélice de turbina acuática o eólica útil, por ejemplo, en el campo del aprovechamiento de las corrientes marinas, maréales o fluviales para producir movimiento mecánico aplicable a la generación eléctrica o a otros usos, o en el campo del aprovechamiento de la energía del viento para producir movimiento mecánico aplicable a la generación eléctrica o a otros usos. Antecedentes de la invención  The present invention concerns a water or wind turbine propeller useful, for example, in the field of harnessing marine, sea or river currents to produce mechanical movement applicable to electric generation or other uses, or in the field of harnessing wind energy to produce mechanical movement applicable to power generation or other uses. Background of the invention
En el estado de la técnica se conocen numerosos aparatos para convertir la fuerza de las corrientes acuáticas, por ejemplo en mares, océanos, lagos, ríos y canales, en movimiento mecánico que es utilizado generalmente para mover un generador eléctrico, aunque alternativamente puede tener otros usos, tales como bombeo de agua. También se conocen numerosos aparatos para convertir la energía del viento en movimiento mecánico que es utilizado generalmente para mover un generador eléctrico, aunque alternativamente puede tener otros usos, tales como bombeo de agua. Un elemento común en la mayoría de estos aparatos es una turbina provista de una hélice conectada a un árbol motor y dispuesta para recibir la acción del agua o aire en movimiento. Entre los varios tipos de turbina existentes, las turbinas axiales comprenden una hélice provista de paletas alabeadas sobre las cuales actúa el agua o aire que fluye en una dirección paralela al eje de rotación de la turbina. El flujo de agua o aire, al ser desviado lateralmente por las paletas alabeadas, hace girar la hélice y el árbol conectado a la misma.  Numerous devices are known in the state of the art to convert the force of water currents, for example in seas, oceans, lakes, rivers and canals, into mechanical movement that is generally used to move an electric generator, although alternatively it may have other uses, such as water pumping. Numerous devices are also known to convert wind energy into mechanical movement that is generally used to move an electric generator, although it may alternatively have other uses, such as water pumping. A common element in most of these devices is a turbine provided with a propeller connected to a motor shaft and arranged to receive the action of moving water or air. Among the various types of existing turbine, axial turbines comprise a propeller provided with warped vanes on which the water or air flowing in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the turbine acts. The flow of water or air, being diverted laterally by the warped vanes, rotates the propeller and the shaft connected to it.
El diseño de las hélices de turbina suele ser complejo, puesto que se busca la máxima optimización en el aprovechamiento energético. No obstante, esta complejidad del diseño tiene como inconveniente un coste de fabricación elevado y unos requerimientos técnicos y tecnológicos que no están al alcance de muchos de los potenciales usuarios o beneficiarios de los aparatos de aprovechamiento de la energía acuática o eólica.  The design of the turbine propellers is usually complex, since maximum optimization in energy use is sought. However, this complexity of the design has the disadvantage of a high manufacturing cost and technical and technological requirements that are not available to many of the potential users or beneficiaries of the devices for using aquatic or wind energy.
Exposición de la invención Exhibition of the invention
Un objetivo de la presente invención es aportar una hélice de turbina acuática o eólica que pueda ser fabricada a un bajo coste utilizando materiales y técnicas fácilmente asequibles por una mayoría de potenciales usuarios y beneficiarios y que al mismo tiempo proporcione un rendimiento energético aceptable. El anterior y otros objetivos se alcanzan de acuerdo con la presente invención aportando una hélice de turbina acuática o eólica la concepción de la cual está inspirada en un configuración que recuerda a un clásico molinillo de papel, con unas mejoras previstas para aumentar su rendimiento energético para las funciones a las que está aplicado An objective of the present invention is to provide a wind or water turbine propeller that can be manufactured at a low cost using materials and techniques readily available by a majority of potential users and beneficiaries and at the same time providing an acceptable energy efficiency. The above and other objectives are achieved in accordance with the present invention by providing a wind or water turbine propeller the conception of which is inspired by a configuration reminiscent of a classic paper grinder, with improvements planned to increase its energy efficiency for the functions to which it is applied
La hélice de turbina acuática o eólica de la presente invención comprende un cuerpo hecho de chapa cortada, doblada y soldada. La chapa puede ser por ejemplo chapa metálica, preferiblemente de acero, aunque no se descartan otros materiales como el aluminio o materiales basados en resinas sintéticas con fibras de refuerzo.  The water or wind turbine propeller of the present invention comprises a body made of cut, bent and welded sheet. The sheet can be for example metal sheet, preferably steel, although other materials such as aluminum or materials based on synthetic resins with reinforcing fibers are not discarded.
El mencionado cuerpo tiene una región central configurada para ser fijada a un árbol. Esta región central comprende una región central trasera substancialmente plana y perpendicular al eje de dicho árbol, y una región central delantera que está separada de dicha región central trasera. Una pluralidad de paletas alabeadas están repartidas alrededor de dicha región central de manera que se extienden desde la misma para recibir la acción del agua o aire. Cada una de dichas paletas alabeadas tiene una región curvada con un extremo trasero conectado a la región central trasera y un extremo delantero conectado a dicha región central delantera. La anchura de las paletas alabeadas disminuye gradualmente desde dicho extremo trasero al extremo delantero, y cada paleta alabeada tiene una abertura en una parte delantera de dicha región curvada para permitir la entrada de agua o aire hacia una parte trasera de la región curvada.  The mentioned body has a central region configured to be fixed to a tree. This central region comprises a substantially flat rear central region and perpendicular to the axis of said tree, and a front central region that is separated from said rear central region. A plurality of warped vanes are distributed around said central region so that they extend therefrom to receive the action of water or air. Each of said warped vanes has a curved region with a rear end connected to the rear central region and a front end connected to said front central region. The width of the warped vanes gradually decreases from said rear end to the front end, and each warped vane has an opening in a front part of said curved region to allow the entry of water or air towards a rear part of the curved region.
Así, el flujo de agua o aire que incide sobre la parte trasera de la región doblada de las paletas alabeadas, ya sea pasando por los lados de la parte delantera de la región curvada o a través de las mencionadas aberturas, es desviado lateralmente y hace girar el cuerpo de la hélice y el árbol conectado al mismo.  Thus, the flow of water or air that falls on the rear part of the bent region of the warped vanes, either passing through the sides of the front part of the curved region or through said openings, is laterally deflected and rotates the body of the propeller and the tree connected to it.
En una realización, la mencionada abertura de cada paleta alabeada está definida por unos cortes formados en la correspondiente región curvada dejando entre los mismos una porción de chapa levantada que forma una paleta auxiliar alabeada que se extiende hacia fuera desde la paleta alabeada en una posición adyacente a la abertura. Esta aleta auxiliar contribuye a impulsar el giro del cuerpo de la hélice y además contribuye a dirigir el flujo de agua o aire desviado por la misma a través de la abertura y hacia la parte trasera de la región curvada de la correspondiente paleta alabeada para añadir un impulso adicional al giro de la hélice.  In one embodiment, said opening of each warped vane is defined by cuts formed in the corresponding curved region leaving between them a portion of raised sheet forming a warped auxiliary vane extending outward from the warped vane in an adjacent position to the opening This auxiliary fin helps to drive the rotation of the propeller body and also contributes to direct the flow of water or air diverted therethrough through the opening and towards the rear of the curved region of the corresponding warped vane to add a additional impulse to the rotation of the propeller.
Preferiblemente, cada paleta auxiliar alabeada tiene un extremo trasero conectado a la porción curvada de la paleta alabeada en una parte periférica de la misma y un extremo delantero próximo a la región central delantera y separado de la paleta alabeada. La anchura de cada paleta auxiliar alabeada disminuye gradualmente desde su extremo trasero a su extremo delantero. Preferably, each warped auxiliary vane has a rear end connected to the curved portion of the warped vane at a peripheral portion thereof and a front end proximal to the front central region and separated from the warped trowel. The width of each warped auxiliary blade gradually decreases from its rear end to its front end.
En una realización, la forma de cada paleta alabeada se asemeja a un triángulo de chapa doblado entre la región central trasera y la región central delantera. Así, cada paleta alabeada tiene unos primer, segundo y tercer bordes. El primer borde es un borde trasero que tiene un extremo proximal adyacente a la región central trasera y un extremo distal alejado de la región central trasera. Preferiblemente, este primer borde es substancialmente rectilíneo y coplanario con la región central trasera, y está substancialmente alineado con el centro de la misma de manera que es un borde radial. El segundo borde es un borde curvado que va desde el mencionado extremo distal del primer borde hasta la región central delantera. El tercer borde es también un borde curvado que va desde el mencionado extremo proximal del primer borde de una paleta alabeada adyacente hasta la región central delantera, donde confluye aproximadamente con el segundo borde.  In one embodiment, the shape of each warped vane resembles a bent sheet triangle between the rear central region and the front central region. Thus, each warped trowel has first, second and third edges. The first edge is a rear edge that has a proximal end adjacent to the rear central region and a distal end away from the rear central region. Preferably, this first edge is substantially rectilinear and coplanar with the central rear region, and is substantially aligned with the center thereof such that it is a radial edge. The second edge is a curved edge that goes from the mentioned distal end of the first edge to the central front region. The third edge is also a curved edge that goes from said proximal end of the first edge of an adjacent warped vane to the front central region, where it approximately converges with the second edge.
La hélice de turbina de la presente invención tiene típicamente cuatro paletas alabeadas situadas a intervalos de 90 grados alrededor del cuerpo de la misma. No obstante, no hay ningún impedimento técnico para que alternativamente la hélice de turbina pueda tener dos, tres, o más de cuatro paletas alabeadas con las características definidas más arriba.  The turbine propeller of the present invention typically has four warped vanes located at 90 degree intervals around the body thereof. However, there is no technical impediment so that the turbine propeller may alternatively have two, three, or more than four warped blades with the characteristics defined above.
Preferiblemente, la región central trasera y la región central delantera del cuerpo de la hélice están conectadas por un miembro conector rígido alineado con el eje del árbol, el cual contribuye a mantener la separación deseada entre ambas y a transmitir los esfuerzos de la una a la otra. El hecho de que la región central delantera del cuerpo de la hélice esté separado de región central trasera proporciona una extraordinaria rigidez estructural frente a la fuerza del flujo de agua o aire que incide sobre la hélice en la dirección axial.  Preferably, the rear central region and the front central region of the propeller body are connected by a rigid connecting member aligned with the shaft of the shaft, which contributes to maintaining the desired separation between the two and transmitting the forces from one to the other. . The fact that the front central region of the propeller body is separated from the rear central region provides extraordinary structural rigidity against the force of the flow of water or air that impacts the propeller in the axial direction.
En una realización, las mencionadas paletas auxiliares alabeadas de la hélice de turbina acuática o eólica de la presente invención tienen su extremo trasero conectado a la porción curvada de la correspondiente paleta alabeada por una bisagra, de manera dichas paletas auxiliares alabeadas pueden plegarse o extenderse, y la hélice comprende un mecanismo de regulación de la extensión de las paletas auxiliares alabeadas basado en un árbol central telescópico que se acorta comprimiendo un elemento elástico y se alarga, y un dispositivo de cilindros hidráulicos conectados entre sí por un circuito cerrado de fluido hidráulico para plegar las paletas auxiliares alabeadas cuando el árbol se acorta por efecto de una corriente de agua fuerte o de un viento fuerte y para extender las paletas auxiliares alabeadas cuando el árbol se alarga por el efecto del elemento elástico como consecuencia una corriente de agua floja o de un viento flojo. In one embodiment, the aforementioned warped auxiliary blades of the wind or water turbine propeller of the present invention have their rear end connected to the curved portion of the corresponding blade warped by a hinge, so that said warped auxiliary blades can be folded or extended, and the propeller comprises a mechanism for regulating the extension of the warped auxiliary vanes based on a telescopic central shaft that is shortened by compressing an elastic element and lengthening, and a hydraulic cylinder device connected to each other by a closed circuit of hydraulic fluid for fold the warped auxiliary vanes when the tree is shortened by a strong water current or a strong wind and to extend the warped auxiliary vanes when the tree lengthens by the effect of the elastic element as a consequence a current of loose water or a loose wind.
Con este dispositivo de regulación, la hélice de turbina acuática o eólica de la presente invención se adapta automáticamente a la fuerza de la corriente de agua o del viento.  With this regulating device, the water or wind turbine propeller of the present invention automatically adapts to the force of the water stream or wind.
En una realización, la hélice de la presente invención, ya sea con las mencionadas paletas auxiliares alabeadas fijas o regulables, está aplicada a un molino de viento útil para varios usos, y más específicamente a un aerogenerador, el cual tiene como característica destacada que la hélice de la turbina eólica, gira alrededor de un árbol horizontal y está instalada en lo alto de una torre de altura relativamente baja, por ejemplo una altura de 7 a 10 metros de la torre más la hélice, en combinación con unas pantallas eólicas dispuestas radialmente alrededor de la torre para dirigir el viento hacia la hélice de turbina eólica. Opcionalmente, las mencionadas pantallas eólicas pueden estar formadas por plantaciones de cipreses alineados y próximos entre sí.  In one embodiment, the propeller of the present invention, either with said fixed or adjustable warped auxiliary vanes, is applied to a windmill useful for various uses, and more specifically to a wind turbine, which has as an outstanding feature that the wind turbine propeller, revolves around a horizontal tree and is installed on top of a tower of relatively low height, for example a height of 7 to 10 meters from the tower plus the propeller, in combination with radially arranged wind screens around the tower to direct the wind towards the wind turbine propeller. Optionally, the mentioned wind screens can be formed by plantations of cypresses aligned and close to each other.
Con esta disposición, la torre relativamente baja es fácil y económica de construir y mantener, y produce un impacto ambiental bajo. Además, si se usan cipreses para las pantallas eólicas, los cipreses pueden ocultar el aerogenerador cuando es visto desde lejos. Breve descripción de los dibujos  With this arrangement, the relatively low tower is easy and economical to build and maintain, and produces a low environmental impact. Also, if cypresses are used for wind screens, cypresses can hide the wind turbine when viewed from afar. Brief description of the drawings
Las anteriores y otras características y ventajas se comprenderán más plenamente a partir de la siguiente descripción detallada de unos ejemplos de realización con referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:  The foregoing and other features and advantages will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of some embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
la Fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva de una hélice de turbina acuática o eólica de acuerdo con una realización de la presente invención;  Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wind or water turbine propeller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
la Fig. 2 es una vista frontal de la hélice de la Fig. 1 ;  Fig. 2 is a front view of the propeller of Fig. 1;
la Fig. 3 es una vista en planta de un elemento de chapa a partir del cual se puede realizar la hélice de la Fig. 1 según un método de fabricación;  Fig. 3 is a plan view of a sheet metal element from which the propeller of Fig. 1 can be made according to a manufacturing method;
la Fig. 4 es una vista en planta de varios elementos de chapa a partir del cual se puede realizar la hélice de la Fig. 1 según otro método de fabricación alternativo;  Fig. 4 is a plan view of several sheet metal elements from which the propeller of Fig. 1 can be made according to another alternative manufacturing method;
la Fig. 5 es una vista en planta de los varios elementos de chapa de la Fig. 4 ensamblados;  Fig. 5 is a plan view of the various sheet metal elements of assembled Fig. 4;
la Fig. 6 es una vista frontal de la hélice de turbina acuática o eólica de la presente invención aplicada a un aerogenerador;  Fig. 6 is a front view of the wind or water turbine propeller of the present invention applied to a wind turbine;
la Fig. 7 es una vista lateral parcialmente seccionada del aerogenerador de la Fig. 7 is a partially sectioned side view of the wind turbine of the
Fig. 6 incorporando un dispositivo de regulación asociado a la hélice; la Fig. 8 es una vista parcial en sección transversal de un foso asociado a la base del aerogenerador; y Fig. 6 incorporating a regulation device associated with the propeller; Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a pit associated with the base of the wind turbine; Y
la Fig. 9 es una vista en planta del aerogenerador con unas pantallas eólicas asociadas.  Fig. 9 is a plan view of the wind turbine with associated wind screens.
Descripción detallada de un ejemplo de realización Detailed description of an embodiment example
Las Figs. 1 y 2 muestran una la hélice de turbina acuática o eólica de acuerdo con una realización de la presente invención, que comprende un cuerpo 1 que tiene una región central trasera 2a, una región central delantera 2b y una pluralidad de paletas alabeadas 3 repartidas a su alrededor y que se extienden desde dicha región central trasera 2a a dicha región central delantera 2b para recibir la acción de un flujo de agua o aire que se mueve en una dirección substancialmente paralela al eje de rotación de la hélice. Las regiones central trasera 2a y central delantera 2b están diseñadas para ser fijadas a un árbol 12 (Fig. 1 ), el cual está conectado a su vez para accionar un generador eléctrico o cualquier otro aparato (no mostrado).  Figs. 1 and 2 show a water or wind turbine propeller according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising a body 1 having a rear central region 2a, a front central region 2b and a plurality of warped vanes 3 distributed thereto around and extending from said rear central region 2a to said front central region 2b to receive the action of a flow of water or air moving in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the propeller. The central rear 2a and front central 2b regions are designed to be fixed to a shaft 12 (Fig. 1), which in turn is connected to drive an electric generator or any other device (not shown).
El cuerpo 1 de la hélice está hecho de una o varias piezas de chapa cortada, doblada y soldada, como se describirá más abajo. La región central trasera 2a es substancialmente plana y perpendicular al eje de dicho árbol 12, y la región central delantera 2b está separada de la región central trasera 2a. En una realización, el árbol 12 tiene un extremo conectado al lado trasero de la región central trasera 2a, en el centro de misma, mientras que la región central trasera 2a y la región central delantera 2b están conectadas por un miembro conectar 7 rígido (Fig. 1 ) alineado con el eje del árbol 12.  The body 1 of the propeller is made of one or several pieces of cut, bent and welded sheet metal, as will be described below. The rear central region 2a is substantially flat and perpendicular to the axis of said shaft 12, and the front central region 2b is separated from the rear central region 2a. In one embodiment, the shaft 12 has an end connected to the rear side of the rear central region 2a, in the center thereof, while the rear central region 2a and the front central region 2b are connected by a rigid connecting member 7 (Fig. 1) aligned with the axis of the tree 12.
Cada una de dichas paletas alabeadas 3 tiene una región curvada con un extremo trasero 3a conectado a la región central trasera 2a y un extremo delantero 3b conectado a la región central delantera 2b. La anchura de dichas paletas alabeadas 3 disminuye gradualmente desde dicho extremo trasero 3a a dicho extremo delantero 3b.  Each of said warped vanes 3 has a curved region with a rear end 3a connected to the rear central region 2a and a front end 3b connected to the front central region 2b. The width of said warped vanes 3 gradually decreases from said rear end 3a to said front end 3b.
Tal como se muestra en las Figs. 1 y 2, cada paleta alabeada 3 tiene la forma de un triángulo de chapa doblado, el cual tiene un primer borde 6a trasero con un extremo proximal adyacente a la región central trasera 2a y un extremo distal alejado de la región central trasera 2a. Preferiblemente, este primer borde 6a es substancialmente rectilíneo y coplanario con la región central trasera 2a, y está substancialmente alineado con el centro de la misma. Un segundo borde 6b de cada paleta alabeada 3 es un borde curvado que va desde el mencionado extremo distal del primer borde 6a hasta la región central delantera 2b. La paleta alabeada 3 tiene un tercer borde 6c curvado que va desde el mencionado extremo proximal del primer borde 6a de una paleta alabeadaAs shown in Figs. 1 and 2, each warped vane 3 is in the form of a folded sheet triangle, which has a first rear edge 6a with a proximal end adjacent to the rear central region 2a and a distal end away from the rear central region 2a. Preferably, this first edge 6a is substantially rectilinear and coplanar with the central rear region 2a, and is substantially aligned with the center thereof. A second edge 6b of each warped vane 3 is a curved edge that goes from said distal end of the first edge 6a to the front central region 2b. The warped vane 3 has a third curved edge 6c that goes from the mentioned proximal end of the first edge 6a of a warped vane
3 adyacente hasta la región central delantera 2b. 3 adjacent to the front central region 2b.
En la hélice de la presente invención, cada paleta alabeada 3 tiene una abertura In the propeller of the present invention, each warped vane 3 has an opening
4 en una parte delantera de dicha región curvada para permitir la entrada de agua o aire hacia una parte trasera de la región curvada. Esta abertura 4 está definida preferiblemente por unos cortes 9 formados en la región curvada de cada paleta alabeada 3 de manera que entre dichos cortes 9 queda una porción de chapa que una vez levantada forma una paleta auxiliar alabeada 5 que se extiende hacia fuera desde la paleta alabeada 3 en una posición adyacente a la abertura 4. 4 in a front part of said curved region to allow the entry of water or air towards a rear part of the curved region. This opening 4 is preferably defined by cuts 9 formed in the curved region of each warped vane 3 so that between said cuts 9 is a portion of sheet metal that once raised forms a warped auxiliary vane 5 extending outwardly from the vane warped 3 in a position adjacent to the opening 4.
La forma de dichas paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 se asemeja a un triángulo de chapa doblada, dos de cuyos bordes están formados por dichos cortes 9, los cuales confluyen en un vértice próximo a la región central delantera 2b, y cuyo tercer borde está conectado a una parte periférica de la porción curvada de la paleta alabeada 3. Así, la anchura de cada paleta auxiliar alabeada 5 disminuye gradualmente desde su extremo trasero 5a, el cual está conectado a la porción curvada de la paleta alabeada 3 en dicha parte periférica de la misma, hasta su extremo delantero 5b, el cual está próximo a la región central delantera 2b y separado de la paleta alabeada 3.  The shape of said warped auxiliary vanes 5 resembles a bent sheet triangle, two of whose edges are formed by said cuts 9, which converge at a vertex near the front central region 2b, and whose third edge is connected to a peripheral part of the curved portion of the warped vane 3. Thus, the width of each warped auxiliary vane 5 gradually decreases from its rear end 5a, which is connected to the curved portion of the warped vane 3 in said peripheral part thereof. , to its front end 5b, which is close to the front central region 2b and separated from the warped vane 3.
La Fig. 3 muestra un primer elemento de chapa 10 a partir del cual se puede realizar la hélice de la Fig. 1 según un método de fabricación. El primer elemento de chapa 10 es plano y tiene en general la forma de un cuadrado con un centro 11 y unos primeros cortes 8 que se extienden desde cada uno de sus vértices hasta una posición próxima a dicho centro 11. Los primeros cortes 8 dividen el primer elemento de chapa 10 en cuatro porciones 10a, en cada una de las cuales están formados unos segundos cortes 9.  Fig. 3 shows a first sheet element 10 from which the propeller of Fig. 1 can be made according to a manufacturing method. The first sheet element 10 is flat and generally has the shape of a square with a center 11 and first cuts 8 extending from each of its vertices to a position close to said center 11. The first cuts 8 divide the first sheet element 10 in four portions 10a, in each of which a few second cuts 9 are formed.
Cada una de las porciones 10a del primer elemento de chapa 10 formará una de las paletas alabeadas 3, y los segundos cortes 9 formarán las aberturas 4 y correspondientes paletas alabeadas auxiliares 5 según se ha descrito más arriba. Para ello, uno de los extremos de cada porción 10a es doblado en dirección al centro 11 de una manera análoga a la empleada para construir un clásico molinillo de papel. Posteriormente, las porciones de chapa entre los segundos cortes 9 deben ser levantadas hacia fuera para formar las aberturas 4 y paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5.  Each of the portions 10a of the first sheet metal element 10 will form one of the warped vanes 3, and the second cuts 9 will form the openings 4 and corresponding auxiliary warped vanes 5 as described above. For this, one of the ends of each portion 10a is folded in the direction of the center 11 in a manner analogous to that used to construct a classic paper grinder. Subsequently, the sheet portions between the second cuts 9 must be lifted outward to form the openings 4 and warped auxiliary vanes 5.
La Fig. 4 muestra cuatro elementos de chapa 21 , 22, 23, 24 substancialmente triangulares, cada uno de los cuales incluye los segundos cortes 9. Estos cuatro elementos de chapa 21 , 22, 23, 24 son posteriormente unidos por soldadura de la manera mostrada en la Fig. 5 para formar un segundo elemento de chapa 20, el cual es en todo análogo al primer elemento de chapa 10 descrito más arriba en relación con la Fig. 3 excepto por unos cordones de soldadura 25 que se extienden desde el centro 11 hasta el extremo proximal de los correspondientes primeros cortes 8. La formación de las paletas alabeadas 3, aberturas 4 y paletas alabeadas auxiliares 5 se realiza a partir de las porciones del segundo elemento de chapa 20 definidas por los primeros y segundos cortes 8, 9 tal como se ha descrito más arriba para el primer elemento de chapa 10. Fig. 4 shows four substantially triangular sheet elements 21, 22, 23, 24, each of which includes the second cuts 9. These four sheet elements 21, 22, 23, 24 are subsequently welded together in the manner shown in Fig. 5 to form a second sheet metal element 20, which is all analogous to the first sheet element 10 described above in relation to the Fig. 3 except for welding beads 25 extending from the center 11 to the proximal end of the corresponding first cuts 8. The formation of the warped vanes 3, openings 4 and auxiliary warped vanes 5 is carried out from the portions of the second sheet metal element 20 defined by the first and second cuts 8, 9 as described above for the first sheet metal element 10.
Alternativamente, los segundos cortes 9 podrían estar inicialmente ausentes del elemento de chapa y podrían ser hechos después de doblar las porciones del mismo para formar las paletas alabeadas 3, o los segundos cortes podrían cortar completamente el correspondiente elemento de chapa para formar las aberturas 4, en cuyo caso las paletas alabeadas auxiliares 5 estarían hechas por elementos de chapa individuales unidos al cuerpo 10 por soldadura.  Alternatively, the second cuts 9 could be initially absent from the sheet element and could be made after folding the portions thereof to form the warped vanes 3, or the second cuts could completely cut the corresponding sheet element to form the openings 4, in which case the auxiliary warped vanes 5 would be made of individual sheet elements joined to the body 10 by welding.
Hay que señalar que, aunque aquí se han mostrado y descrito dos métodos de fabricación alternativos, la hélice de turbina acuática o eólica de la presente invención puede ser fabricada de acuerdo con otros muchos procedimientos utilizando una variedad de materiales, tales como chapas metálicas o materiales sintéticos con refuerzo de fibras.  It should be noted that, although two alternative manufacturing methods have been shown and described herein, the water or wind turbine propeller of the present invention can be manufactured in accordance with many other methods using a variety of materials, such as metal sheets or materials Synthetic with fiber reinforcement.
Las Figs. 6 y 7 muestran la hélice de la presente invención utilizada como hélice de turbina eólica, donde el cuerpo 1 de la hélice está instalado en lo alto de una torre 30 de manera que el árbol 12 puede girar respecto a un eje horizontal. Un reenvío de engranajes 31 transmite el giro del árbol 12 a un árbol vertical 32 instalado en el centro de la torre 30. En el lado opuesto al cuerpo 1 de la hélice respecto al reenvío de engranajes, la turbina eólica tiene un timón 33 soportado en un soporte 34, y el conjunto formado por el cuerpo 1 de la hélice y el timón 33 puede girar respecto al eje vertical del árbol vertical 32, de manera que el cuerpo 1 de la hélice se orienta automáticamente en la dirección más favorable por el efecto del viento sobre el timón 33.  Figs. 6 and 7 show the propeller of the present invention used as a wind turbine propeller, where the body 1 of the propeller is installed on top of a tower 30 so that the shaft 12 can rotate with respect to a horizontal axis. A gear forwarding 31 transmits the rotation of the shaft 12 to a vertical shaft 32 installed in the center of the tower 30. On the side opposite the body 1 of the propeller relative to the gear forwarding, the wind turbine has a rudder 33 supported on a support 34, and the assembly formed by the body 1 of the propeller and the rudder 33 can rotate with respect to the vertical axis of the vertical shaft 32, so that the body 1 of the propeller is automatically oriented in the most favorable direction by the effect of the wind over the helm 33.
El giro del árbol vertical puede ser utilizado para múltiples propósitos, tales como por ejemplo accionar una bomba de aguja o accionar un generador eléctrico.  The rotation of the vertical shaft can be used for multiple purposes, such as operating a needle pump or operating an electric generator.
En la Fig. 6, la hélice de la turbina eólica es análoga a la descrita más arriba en relación con las Figs. 1 y 2, donde el cuerpo 1 de la hélice incluye unas paletas alabeadas 3 y unas paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 formadas en las paletas alabeadas 3, donde las paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 ocupan unas posiciones fijas en relación con las paletas alabeadas 3.  In Fig. 6, the wind turbine propeller is analogous to that described above in relation to Figs. 1 and 2, where the body 1 of the propeller includes warped vanes 3 and warped auxiliary vanes 5 formed in the warped vanes 3, where the warped auxiliary vanes 5 occupy fixed positions in relation to the warped vanes 3.
En la Fig. 7, la hélice de la turbina eólica incluye un dispositivo de regulación que permite variar la posición de las paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 en relación con las paletas alabeadas 3 en función de la fuerza del viento. Para ello, el extremo trasero 5a de las paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 está conectado a las correspondientes paletas alabeadas 3 mediante unas bisagras 35. El árbol 12 tiene un interior hueco estriado en el que está insertado un árbol de transmisión 12a igualmente estriado conectado al reenvío de engranajes 31 , de manera que el árbol 12 puede deslizar axialmente en relación con el árbol de transmisión 12a y al mismo tiempo transmite un par al árbol de transmisión 12a. Entre el árbol 12 y el árbol de transmisión 12a está instalado un elemento flexible, tal como un muelle helicoidal a compresión 36 dispuesto alrededor del árbol auxiliar 12a, de manera que cuando el viento es fuerte el árbol 12 se aproxima al árbol de transmisión 12a y cuando el viento es débil muelle helicoidal a compresión 36 aleja el árbol 12 del árbol de transmisión 12a. In Fig. 7, the wind turbine propeller includes a regulating device that allows varying the position of the warped auxiliary vanes 5 in relation to the warped vanes 3 depending on the force of the wind. To do this, the rear end 5a of the warped auxiliary vanes 5 is connected to the corresponding warped vanes 3 by means of hinges 35. The shaft 12 has a grooved hollow interior in which an equally grooved drive shaft 12a is inserted connected to the gear forwarding 31, so that the shaft 12 can slide axially in relation to the drive shaft 12a and at the same time transmits a torque to the drive shaft 12a. A flexible element is installed between the shaft 12 and the transmission shaft 12a, such as a compression coil spring 36 arranged around the auxiliary shaft 12a, so that when the wind is strong the shaft 12 approaches the transmission shaft 12a and when the wind is weak compression coil spring 36 moves the shaft 12 away from the drive shaft 12a.
Un primer cilindro hidráulico 37 tiene un extremo fijado al árbol 12 o al cuerpo 1 de la hélice y otro extremo fijado al árbol de transmisión 12a, de manera que dicho primer cilindro hidráulico 37 se contrae o se expande de acuerdo con los movimientos del árbol 12 en relación con el árbol de transmisión 12a. Un segundo cilindro hidráulico 38 tiene un extremo fijado al cuerpo 1 de la hélice y otro extremo fijado a la paleta auxiliar alabeada 5. Un conducto 39 conecta hidráulicamente ambos primer y segundo cilindros hidráulicos 37, 38 a través de un circuito cerrado de fluido hidráulico, de manera que cuando por efecto de un viento fuerte el árbol 12 se aproxima al árbol de transmisión 12a, las paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 se pliegan hacia una posición próxima a las correspondientes paletas alabeadas 3, con lo que captan menos viento, y cuando por efecto de un viento débil el árbol 12 se aleja del árbol de transmisión 12a, las paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 se despliegan para captar más viento.  A first hydraulic cylinder 37 has one end fixed to the shaft 12 or to the body 1 of the propeller and another end fixed to the drive shaft 12a, so that said first hydraulic cylinder 37 contracts or expands according to the movements of the shaft 12 in relation to the drive shaft 12a. A second hydraulic cylinder 38 has one end fixed to the body 1 of the propeller and another end fixed to the warped auxiliary vane 5. A conduit 39 hydraulically connects both first and second hydraulic cylinders 37, 38 through a closed circuit of hydraulic fluid, so that when, due to strong wind, the shaft 12 approaches the drive shaft 12a, the warped auxiliary vanes 5 fold towards a position close to the corresponding warped vanes 3, thereby capturing less wind, and when by effect from a weak wind the shaft 12 moves away from the transmission shaft 12a, the warped auxiliary vanes 5 are deployed to capture more wind.
En la Fig. 8 se muestra la turbina eólica de las Figs. 6 o 7 aplicada a accionar un generador eléctrico 41 instalado en un foso 40 excavado debajo de la torre 30. El foso 40 tiene unas paredes laterales y un suelo de hormigón 42a, 42b y la torre 30 está fijada a una losa de hormigón 43 dimensionada para cubrir el foso 40. Preferiblemente, la losa de hormigón 43 está conectada a una de las paredes laterales 42a del foso por una bisagra 44, de manera que la torre 30 y la losa de hormigón 43 pueden girar respecto a la bisagra 44 para dejar libre la entrada superior del foso 40. Además, la losa de hormigón 43 tiene una abertura 45 que permite el acceso de una persona al interior del foso con ayuda de una escalera 46 fijada a la pared lateral 42a del foso 40 cuando la losa de hormigón 43 está en una posición cerrada. La losa de hormigón 43 incluye uno o más respiraderos 49 a través de la misma.  In Fig. 8 the wind turbine of Figs. 6 or 7 applied to drive an electric generator 41 installed in a pit 40 dug below the tower 30. The pit 40 has side walls and a concrete floor 42a, 42b and the tower 30 is fixed to a slab of concrete 43 dimensioned to cover the pit 40. Preferably, the concrete slab 43 is connected to one of the side walls 42a of the pit by a hinge 44, so that the tower 30 and the concrete slab 43 can rotate with respect to the hinge 44 to leave free the upper entrance of the pit 40. In addition, the concrete slab 43 has an opening 45 that allows access of a person to the inside of the pit with the help of a ladder 46 fixed to the side wall 42a of the pit 40 when the concrete slab 43 is in a closed position. The concrete slab 43 includes one or more vents 49 therethrough.
Dentro del foso hay un multiplicador de engranajes 47 que tiene un árbol de entrada 48 alineado con el árbol vertical 32 cuando la losa de hormigón 43 está en la posición cerrada. El árbol de entrada 48 del multiplicador de engranajes 47 se conecta con el árbol vertical 32 mediante respectivos elementos de acoplamiento 50, 51. El multiplicador de engranajes 47 tiene un árbol de salida 52 conectado al generador eléctrico 41. La electricidad generada es conducida por unos cables conductores 53 hasta una cuadro de control eléctrico 54, y desde éste hacia el exterior. Inside the pit is a gear multiplier 47 that has an input shaft 48 aligned with the vertical shaft 32 when the concrete slab 43 is in the closed position. The input shaft 48 of the gear multiplier 47 is connected with the vertical shaft 32 by respective coupling elements 50, 51. The gear multiplier 47 has an output shaft 52 connected to the electric generator 41. The electricity generated is conducted by conductive cables 53 to an electrical control panel 54, and from it to the outside.
La Fig. 9 muestra una instalación que incluye la turbina eólica con la hélice 1 de la presente invención, el timón 33, y la torre 30 fijada a la losa de hormigón 43 instalados en un terreno 55. Alrededor de la turbina eólica hay una plantación de cipreses 56, los cuales están dispuestos formando unas hileras radiales 57 que convergen hacia la torre 30. En cada hilera radial 57, los cipreses 56 están suficientemente juntos los unos a los otros para formar una pantalla eólica que dirige el viento hacia la hélice 1 de la turbina eólica. Esto permite obtener un rendimiento energético aceptable con una altura total de la torre más la hélice relativamente baja, por ejemplo de 7 a 10 metros. Además, lo cipreses contribuyen a ocultar la turbina eólica vista desde lejos para disminuir el impacto ambiental.  Fig. 9 shows an installation that includes the wind turbine with the propeller 1 of the present invention, the rudder 33, and the tower 30 fixed to the concrete slab 43 installed in a land 55. Around the wind turbine there is a plantation of cypresses 56, which are arranged forming radial rows 57 that converge towards the tower 30. In each radial row 57, the cypresses 56 are close enough to each other to form a wind screen that directs the wind towards the propeller 1 of the wind turbine. This allows to obtain an acceptable energy efficiency with a total tower height plus the relatively low propeller, for example from 7 to 10 meters. In addition, cypresses contribute to hide the wind turbine seen from afar to reduce the environmental impact.
Alternativamente, las mencionadas pantallas eólicas pueden estar formadas por cualquier otro material diferente de los cipreses 56 plantados en hileras 57 La hélice de la presente invención, ya sea según la realización con las paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 fijas (Figs. 1 y 2) o según la realización con las paletas auxiliares alabeadas 5 móviles asociadas a un dispositivo de regulación (Fig. 7), puede ser aplicada igualmente a una turbina acuática utilizando las corrientes marinas, maréales o fluviales para la generación eléctrica o para otros usos tales como el bombeo de agua.  Alternatively, said wind screens may be formed by any material other than the cypresses 56 planted in rows 57 The propeller of the present invention, either according to the embodiment with the fixed auxiliary blade vanes 5 (Figs. 1 and 2) or according to The embodiment with the mobile vane auxiliary vanes 5 associated with a regulating device (Fig. 7), can also be applied to an aquatic turbine using marine, maritime or river currents for power generation or for other uses such as pumping of Water.
A un experto en la técnica se le ocurrirán modificaciones y variaciones a partir del ejemplo de realización mostrado y descrito sin salirse del alcance de la presente invención según está definido en las reivindicaciones adjuntas.  Modifications and variations will occur to one skilled in the art from the embodiment shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Hélice de turbina acuática o eólica, del tipo que comprende un cuerpo con una región central configurada para ser fijada a un árbol y una pluralidad de paletas alabeadas repartidas alrededor de dicha región central y que se extienden desde la misma para recibir la acción del agua o aire, caracterizada porque dicho cuerpo (1 ) está hecho de chapa y dicha región central comprende una región central trasera (2a) substancialmente plana y perpendicular al eje de dicho árbol (12), y una región central delantera (2b) separada de dicha región central trasera (2a), donde cada una de dichas paletas alabeadas (3) tiene una región curvada con un extremo trasero (3a) conectado a la región central trasera (2a) y un extremo delantero (3b) conectado a dicha región central delantera (2b), disminuyendo gradualmente la anchura de dichas paletas alabeadas (3) desde dicho extremo trasero (3a) al extremo delantero (3b), y donde cada paleta alabeada (3) tiene una abertura (4) en una parte delantera de dicha región curvada para permitir la entrada de agua o aire hacia una parte trasera de la región curvada. 1. - Water or wind turbine propeller, of the type comprising a body with a central region configured to be fixed to a tree and a plurality of warped vanes distributed around said central region and extending therefrom to receive the action of the water or air, characterized in that said body (1) is made of sheet metal and said central region comprises a central rear region (2a) substantially flat and perpendicular to the axis of said tree (12), and a separate central front region (2b) of said rear central region (2a), where each of said warped vanes (3) has a curved region with a rear end (3a) connected to the rear central region (2a) and a front end (3b) connected to said region front center (2b), gradually decreasing the width of said warped vanes (3) from said rear end (3a) to the front end (3b), and where each warped vane (3) has an opening (4) in a part and forward of said curved region to allow the entry of water or air towards a rear part of the curved region.
2. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque dicha abertura (4) está definida por unos cortes (9) formados en la región curvada de cada paleta alabeada (3) dejando entre los mismos una porción de chapa levantada que forma una paleta auxiliar alabeada (5) que se extiende hacia fuera desde la paleta alabeada (3) en una posición adyacente a la abertura (4).  2. - Turbine propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that said opening (4) is defined by cuts (9) formed in the curved region of each warped vane (3) leaving between them a portion of raised sheet forming a warped auxiliary vane (5) extending outward from the warped vane (3) in a position adjacent to the opening (4).
3. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque la anchura de dicha paleta auxiliar alabeada (5) disminuye gradualmente desde un extremo trasero (5a) de la misma conectado a la porción curvada de la paleta alabeada (3) en una parte periférica de la misma hasta un extremo delantero (5b) próximo a la región central delantera (2b) y separado de la paleta alabeada (3).  3. - Turbine propeller according to claim 2, characterized in that the width of said warped auxiliary blade (5) gradually decreases from a rear end (5a) thereof connected to the curved portion of the warped blade (3) in one part peripheral thereof to a leading end (5b) near the central front region (2b) and separated from the warped vane (3).
4. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque incluye un dispositivo de regulación que permite variar la posición de las paletas auxiliares alabeadas (5) en relación con las paletas alabeadas (3) en función de la fuerza del viento,  4. - Turbine propeller according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes a regulating device that allows varying the position of the warped auxiliary vanes (5) in relation to the warped vanes (3) depending on the wind force,
5. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque dicho dispositivo de regulación comprende una conexión del extremo trasero (5a) de cada una de las paletas auxiliares alabeadas (5) con las correspondientes paletas alabeadas (3) mediante unas bisagras (35).  5. - Turbine propeller according to claim 4, characterized in that said regulating device comprises a connection of the rear end (5a) of each of the warped auxiliary vanes (5) with the corresponding warped vanes (3) by means of hinges (35 ).
6.- Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque el árbol (12) tiene un interior hueco estriado en el que está insertado un árbol de transmisión (12a) igualmente estriado conectado a un reenvío de engranajes (31 ), pudiendo deslizar el árbol (12) axialmente en relación con el árbol de transmisión (12a) y al mismo tiempo transmite un par al árbol de transmisión (12a), estando instalado entre el árbol (12) y el árbol de transmisión (12a), un elemento flexible, tal como un muelle helicoidal a compresión (36) dispuesto alrededor del árbol auxiliar (12a). 6. A turbine propeller according to claim 5, characterized in that the shaft (12) has a grooved hollow interior in which a transmission shaft (12a) is inserted Likewise, it is connected to a gear transmission (31), the shaft (12) being able to slide axially in relation to the transmission shaft (12a) and at the same time transmitting a torque to the transmission shaft (12a), being installed between the shaft (12) and the drive shaft (12a), a flexible element, such as a compression coil spring (36) arranged around the auxiliary shaft (12a).
7. - Hélice de turbina, según la reivindicación 6, caracterizada porque un primer cilindro hidráulico (37) tiene un extremo fijado al árbol (12) o al cuerpo (1 ) de la hélice y otro extremo fijado al árbol de transmisión (12a), de manera que dicho primer cilindro hidráulico (37) se contrae o se expande de acuerdo con los movimientos del árbol (12) en relación con el árbol de transmisión (12a), y porque un segundo cilindro hidráulico (38) tiene un extremo fijado al cuerpo (1 ) de la hélice y otro extremo fijado a la paleta auxiliar alabeada (5), estando conectados hidráulicamente ambos primer y segundo cilindros hidráulicos (37, 38) a través de un circuito cerrado de fluido hidráulico.  7. - Turbine propeller according to claim 6, characterized in that a first hydraulic cylinder (37) has one end fixed to the shaft (12) or to the body (1) of the propeller and another end fixed to the transmission shaft (12a) , so that said first hydraulic cylinder (37) contracts or expands according to the movements of the shaft (12) in relation to the drive shaft (12a), and because a second hydraulic cylinder (38) has a fixed end to the body (1) of the propeller and another end fixed to the warped auxiliary vane (5), both first and second hydraulic cylinders (37, 38) being hydraulically connected through a closed circuit of hydraulic fluid.
8. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 1 , 2 ó 3, caracterizada porque cada paleta alabeada (3) tiene un primer borde (6a) trasero que tiene un extremo proximal adyacente a la región central trasera (2a) y un extremo distal alejado de la región central trasera (2a), un segundo borde (6b) curvado que va desde dicho extremo distal de dicho primer borde (6a) hasta la región central delantera (2b) y un tercer borde (6c) curvado que va desde dicho extremo proximal del primer borde (6a) de una paleta alabeada (3) adyacente hasta la región central delantera (2b).  8. - Turbine propeller according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that each warped vane (3) has a first rear edge (6a) having a proximal end adjacent to the rear central region (2a) and a remote distal end of the central rear region (2a), a second curved edge (6b) that goes from said distal end of said first edge (6a) to the front central region (2b) and a third curved edge (6c) that goes from said end proximal of the first edge (6a) of a warped vane (3) adjacent to the front central region (2b).
9. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 8, caracterizada porque dicho primer borde (6a) es substancialmente rectilíneo y coplanario con la región central trasera (2a), y está substancialmente alineado con el centro de la misma.  9. - Turbine propeller according to claim 8, characterized in that said first edge (6a) is substantially rectilinear and coplanar with the central rear region (2a), and is substantially aligned with the center thereof.
10. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque la región central trasera (2a) y la región central delantera (2b) están conectadas por un miembro conector (7) rígido alineado con el eje del árbol (12).  10. - Turbine propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear central region (2a) and the front central region (2b) are connected by a rigid connecting member (7) aligned with the shaft of the shaft (12).
11. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 1 ó 4, caracterizado porque la hélice está aplicada a un aerogenerador y se dispone instalada en lo alto de una torre (30), girando alrededor de un árbol horizontal y proporcionando el conjunto de torre (30) más cuerpo de hélice (1 ) una altura de 7 a 10 metros en combinación con unas pantallas eólicas dispuestas radialmente alrededor de la torre (30) para dirigir el viento hacia la hélice de turbina eólica.  11. - Turbine propeller according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the propeller is applied to a wind turbine and is installed on top of a tower (30), rotating around a horizontal shaft and providing the tower assembly (30 ) plus propeller body (1) a height of 7 to 10 meters in combination with wind screens radially arranged around the tower (30) to direct the wind towards the wind turbine propeller.
12. - Hélice de turbina según la reivindicación 11 , caracterizada porque las mencionadas pantallas eólicas están formadas por unas plantaciones de cipreses (56) alineados y próximos entre sí y de una altura aproximada a la del conjunto de torre (30) más cuerpo de hélice (1 ).  12. - Turbine propeller according to claim 11, characterized in that said wind screens are formed by cypress plantations (56) aligned and close to each other and of a height approximated to that of the tower assembly (30) plus propeller body (one ).
PCT/ES2011/000294 2010-10-01 2011-09-30 Water or wind turbine propeller WO2012042076A1 (en)

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ES201000988U ES1073831Y (en) 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 HELICE OF AQUATIC TURBINE

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