WO2011000522A2

WO2011000522A2 - Parabolic trough power plant having storage for solar energy, method for operating a parabolic trough power plant, and high-temperature heat accumulator

Info

Publication number: WO2011000522A2
Application number: PCT/EP2010/003862
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vladan Petrovic
Original assignee: Vladan Petrovic
Priority date: 2009-06-30
Filing date: 2010-06-30
Publication date: 2011-01-06
Also published as: WO2011000522A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a concept of solar power plants comprising parabolic troughs (1) and a counter parabolic mirror (2), which concentrates the sun rays once again and lets the sun rays fall through the lowest point of the parabolic trough (1) onto the surface (10.1) of a cavity, where the swivel axis (9) for the tracking of the parabolic trough lies and where the solar radiation is converted into heat and the heat is stored directly in a heat accumulator (3) at a high temperature level (1000 °C). The temperature front in the heat accumulator (3) extends across the entire volume and heats the mass of the heat accumulator (3). The heat accumulator (3) is insulated on all sides. Reinforced evaporation pipes (4) made of heat-resistant steel are cast into the heat accumulator and filled with a ball packing (5). If water is distributed onto the ball packing (5) in order to retrieve the heat, the water evaporates abruptly. The water vapor is collected in a container (39) and is then conducted into a turbine (30) for decompression. The heat of evaporation from the turbine (30) is transferred to a heating circuit (35), and three cycles (II, III, IV) are operated with a mixture of two substances by means of said energy. The energy decoupling from the heat accumulator (3) occurs down to a low temperature (100 °C).

Description

Parabolic trough power plant with storage of solar energy and method for operating a parabolic trough power plant as well

High-temperature heat accumulator FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a solar power plant in the form of parabolic trough power plants with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method having the features of the preamble of claim 12 and a high-temperature heat storage, in particular large-capacity heat storage. Accordingly, it is provided that the solar power plant in the form of a parabolic trough power plant comprises at least one reflector in the form of a parabolic trough and at least one heat storage.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Parabolic trough solar power plants are today the cheapest and most efficient technology for generating electricity from solar energy. They work in a similar way to conventional power plants except that they do not have the continuity of being able to produce electricity without interruption.

Today's solar power plants have established themselves mainly as parabolic trough power plants. They have shown the best economic performances to date. That's why we want to focus on parabolic trough power plants. The parabolic trough power plants comprise a solar field consisting of several parallel rows of collectors. These collector rows each have a length of about 100 meters and are in turn divided into smaller individual collectors. The mirrors of the individual collectors have a parabolic cross-section. At the focal point of the mirror runs an absorber tube through which a heat-resistant synthetic oil flows. The sunlight is concentrated 80 times and reflected on this tube. The oil is thereby heated to about 400 ⁰ C. The energy will transported via the carrier medium in the power plant headquarters, where it is discharged via a heat exchanger to water. The resulting water vapor then drives a turbine and the turbine drives the generator. Systems of this type come to an efficiency of 20% in the summer, or 14% in the annual average. Compared to other solar power plants, this technology can be described as the most effective.

The newer power plants have thermal storage, which means that the power plants can be operated in a predictable manner, even in cloudy weather or after sunset. The required heat is stored in a liquid salt mixture of 60% sodium nitrate (N ₃ NO ₃ ) and 40% potassium nitrate (KNO ₃ ). Both substances are used, among other things, as fertilizer, as well as for preservation in food production. The liquid salt storage tanks operate at atmospheric pressure and consist of two tanks per power plant. When pumping from the "cold" into the "hot" tank, the molten salt mixture absorbs additional heat at an initial temperature of about 290 ^° C., so that it is heated to about 390 ^° C. A full memory, the turbine can operate about 7.5 hours.

The absorber tubes were specially designed for this application in parabolic trough power plants. They absorb the solar radiation reflected by the mirrors, direct the trapped heat energy through a, flowing inside

Heat transfer fluid on and this is then from the steam circuit.

The construction of the absorber tube allows maximum absorption of the

Solar radiation and a simultaneous minimization of the heat radiation of the heated metal tube. An absorber pipe is four meters long and consists of a multi-selectively coated stainless steel pipe which has an absorption degree of 95% and at a temperature of about 400 degrees Celsius a maximum of 14%

Heat radiation emitted. The steel tube is surrounded by a vacuum-insulated concentric cladding made of borosilicate glass with an antireflective coating, which is permeable to over 96% of solar radiation. Criteria for optimal heat storage:

The criteria for a good energy storage can be summarized as follows: • A design that meets the variety of requirements as often as possible.

• Well thought-out, field-tested connections that enable fast assembly on site.

• Solid construction that ensures a long life.

• High quality insulation to minimize power dissipation and efficiency.

• Large storage capacity per unit volume.

• It should be possible to store the energy at high temperatures to minimize exegetical losses.

• The storage mass should be made of commercially available building materials. • The energy decoupling should be as close as possible to the storage mass.

• Inexpensive design.

• The time interval between the call-up of energy and the state of inertia during energy decoupling should be short.

• The energy loss from energy storage to energy consumers should be minimized.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to improve the heat storage of generic parabolic trough power plants. The invention solves this problem with a solar power plant having the features of claim 1. Accordingly, it is provided in a generic solar power plant in focus (1.1) or in a focus zone of at least a parabolic trough (1) to position at least one further reflector in the form of a counterpart parabolic trough (2), so that the sun's rays are concentrated again and then the apex region (1A) of the parabolic trough (1), in particular through an opening ( 12) and on the behind it, at least at least one heat storage mass (3) comprehensive heat storage, in particular on the surface (10) or the surface of a cavity (10.1) fall in the heat storage. Further, means for retrieving the stored heat in or on the heat storage mass (3) are provided. According to a method with the features of claim 12, it is provided that water vapor from the stored energy is generated such that a condensate by means of a condensate feed pump, in particular via a condensate distribution vessel in which the condensate level rises, is passed and that the condensate by at least a condensate line on distributed with a ballast evaporation tubes, which are located in the heat accumulator, distributed, and there evaporates abruptly and that water and water vapor is passed by steam lines in a vapor collection container.

With regard to a high-temperature heat accumulator, a large-capacity heat accumulator is provided for storing solar energy, wind energy, night stream, energy from biomass or other types of energy, in which the heat energy is stored in a large-scale compact unit or in blocks (1, 23, 25, 30, 37, 37a, 39 52), which are cast from refractory material (2), is stored and the stored energy by means of refractory steel tubes (3), which are closed at one end and embedded in the refractory mass (2) is decoupled. Preferably, the steel tubes (3) are externally armored (3a) and / or provided with expansion compensators (20) and / or the interior of the steel tubes is a ballast (4) of molten corundum, refractory stainless steel or another refractory Material filled. The large-capacity heat storage is of independent inventive importance. He can u. A. can be used to store the wind energy in such a way that in the refractory mass (2) electric heating rods (24) are introduced. In this case, electrical energy obtained from wind energy is converted into the heat energy and from the stored heat energy electric current is generated again as needed. The openings for the heating rods (24) can be stenciled during casting of the refractory mass. The large-capacity heat accumulator can be used to store the energy from the biomass in such a way that a firing system (26) for burning the biomass is integrated in the heat accumulator (25). In the biomass can one or more flue gas ducts (27) are foreseen, through which the flue gases flow to release their heat to the refractory mass (2). In a period of windless days, burning biomass can supplement wind energy.

For the purposes of the invention:

Parabolic trough: a trough-like reflector that concentrates parallel to each other incident sunbeams on a burning line-like zone and its reflective cross-sectional area is not necessarily strictly parabolic, so that instead of a focal line and a sufficiently small focal spot line (focus zone I) is acceptable.

Parabolic trough power plant: a solar-powered power plant to provide in particular electrical energy with parabolic troughs for concentrating the incident sunbeams on a heat adsorber.

Heat storage mass: an accumulation of material for storing heat energy in a heat storage.

Anti-parabolic trough: an elongated, possibly trough-like reflector, concentrating more or less concentrated to each other incident sunbeams on a burning line-like zone and whose reflective cross-sectional area is not necessarily strictly parabolic, so that instead of a focal line and a sufficiently small focal spot line (focus zone II) acceptable is.

According to this invention, it is shown how to concentrate the sunlight twice with parabolic troughs and thereby achieve high temperatures and how to store the solar energy directly into the heat storage mass. It also shows how to decouple the stored energy from the heat storage and how to optimize the thermal energy process. The heat storage mass can be up to 800 °

1000 ⁰ C are warmed up and can be cooled down to 100 ⁰ C down. This can increase the storage capacity of the heat storage to 600 kWh / m ³ to 750 kWh / m ³ . Through the individual aspects invention succeeds UA:

• solar energy is even more concentrated, as the state of the art, to increase the exegetical potential of energy, and thus the

Improve the efficiency of the process,

• store the solar energy into the high-temperature storage tank at high temperatures and cool the storage down to low temperatures,

• To optimize the thermal energy process so that it becomes possible to cool the heat storage mass down to a low temperature (100 ^° C.), to design the parabolic troughs in such a way that the solar rays are maximally concentrated, to store the solar radiation directly in the heat storage mass.

• If possible, position the heat accumulator directly under the parabolic troughs,

• cost-effective heat storage and its economic operation,

• to design the thermal power process in such a way that the heat accumulator works with a large ΔT to store solar energy up to a maximum temperature of up to 1000 ^° C and if possible to cool it down to a minimum temperature of up to 100 ^° C, if possible

• to operate the thermal power process with water vapor and binary mixture,

• to optimize the insulation of the heat accumulator so that the heat losses are less than 0.05% in 24 hours,

• to achieve a heat transfer coefficient for the sides of the heat accumulator of preferably not more than 0.04 W / m ² K and for the floor below 0.07 W / m ² K,

• To achieve a heat storage capacity of the heat accumulator of a minimum value of 200 kWh / m ³ . According to the concept of the invention for a parabolic trough power plant, the parabolic troughs can work without absorber tube and without synthetic heat carrier, but one In the focus of the primary parabolic trough, position a narrow counterpart parabolic trough so that solar radiation is concentrated twice. Through the apex of the primary parabolic trough, the solar radiation falls directly onto a heat storage. There it is converted into heat and heats up a heat storage mass. The heat is dissipated throughout the volume in the heat storage mass; This can be done by heat conduction.

As a heat storage mass, a refractory mass can be used. It may be selected from a group of materials including refractory concrete, chamomile flour, calcined magnesia, basalt stone, lignite fly ash products, ground porcelain, or other refractory suitable for correspondingly high temperatures.

In the heat storage mass, in particular reinforced pipes may be embedded, e.g. Steel pipes made of heat-resistant steel. The pipes can be cast in the heat storage mass. The tubes can be closed or sealed at the lower end, in particular airtight, and can be designed for high pressures.

The tubes embedded in the heat storage mass can be filled with particles, in particular spheres, in particular corundum or steel. The particles have the task to increase the heat transfer from the heat storage mass to a heat transfer fluid, such as evaporating water. Balls have a large specific surface and when water as condensate hits the balls, it evaporates abruptly. In this way, the heat storage mass, preferably from top to bottom, cooled to provide the heat to the power plant process available.

The parabolic trough can be mounted on a load-bearing steel structure and is electronically controlled to track the sun. The drive can be done by an electric motor, which is equipped with gear. When the axis of rotation for tracking is in or near the surface of or within the heat storage mass, the focused sunrays can always be in line fall on the heat storage mass or its surface. This happens regardless of the angle at which the parabolic trough is aligned.

When an opening is provided in the surface of the heat storage mass which opens into a cavity, the radiant heat t is emitted to the heat storage mass over the entire surface of the cavity. The cavity may be molded into the heat-storage mass during the casting process. The interior surface of the cavity may be or may be pigmented black so that the cavity forms a black body in which the absorption of the radiant energy is maximal.

In order to minimize the radiation losses of the heat storage material through the surface, a movable plate may be provided above the heat storage mass. At the bottom, a reflective surface, for. B. may be provided from a polished metal. On the movable plate, a slit-shaped zone or opening is provided through which the sun's rays pass. The opening and / or the plate moves in one or the other direction depending on the direction of rotation of the parabolic trough. During the night, the entire surface of the heat storage mass can be shielded with this plate. At its top, the plate can be thermally insulated. The plate can be supported on both sides on rollers that move along a guide, such as a U-profile. The plate can be moved electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. In a heat storage, it is crucial to keep heat losses to a minimum. The movable plate is therefore of independent inventive importance. For the isolation of the heat storage, a certain procedure and a certain construction of independent inventive importance is preferred. On the heat storage mass, an insulating layer or mat of about 200 mm thickness is provided as the first layer. It can withstand about 1200 ⁰ C in continuous operation. Subsequently, the air layer is 1000 to 2000mm, preferably about 1500 mm thick. Thereafter, a sheath, preferably made of stainless steel sheet. This may be glossy inside and have an antireflective surface on the outside, from the heat storage reflect incoming heat radiation. At the end, an insulating layer or mat of mineral or rock wool of preferably 100mm to 300mm, preferably about 200mm in thickness, may follow. The complete insulation can be hermetically sealed so that convective cooling of the heat storage mass is prevented. For the insulation of the soil, a corresponding reinforcement can first be provided in order to be able to support the heat storage mass. On the ground, a fine sand slurry can be poured about 1m thick and compacted by the vibrator. The fine sand fill should not exceed a grain size of 0 to 1 mm in order to keep its thermal conductivity low. The fine sand fill can be encapsulated with concrete, so that the bed can not be displaced by the pressure load. With such a designed insulation, a heat transfer coefficient of 0.04 W / m ² K is obtained for heat transport through the sides of the heat accumulator and 0.07 W / m ² K through the bottom. Based on the calculated heat transfer coefficients, it can be estimated that the heat loss of the heat accumulator will be approx 0.05% in 24 h, which can be considered low.

According to a preferred mode, the storage temperature should be up to about 1000 ⁰ C. It is necessary to weigh with which thermodynamic parameters the power plant should be operated, ie, the relation of the steam power plant to the storage capacity has to be balanced. The heat storage blocks can be factory made and placed under the parabolic troughs, isolated and connected together.

At a certain distance from the surface of the heat storage blocks, a glass pane can be set up, through which the focused sun rays pass and fall on the surface of the heat storage mass over the entire length of the heat storage. The glass is z. B. made of temperature-resistant thermal glass, so that they can withstand the prevailing temperatures. Assuming that the sun shines on average 8 hours a day, it is possible to interpret the volume of heat storage so that, during 8 hours, stored energy, for the remaining 16 hours is sufficient to generate electricity until the next day in continuity. This would be the cheapest option. You can also design the heat storage so that when the sun fails, for example, it generates electricity for a week from stored energy. In any case, it is interesting to know how long one can generate electricity from stored solar energy under economic conditions. A detailed analysis has shown that if the sun shines 365 days a year at a site, the investment cost level will be (X € / kW). But if the sun days are 10% lower, the investment costs of the system increase by 60%. From this one can conclude that it is most economical to build the solar power plants where the sun shines all year round.

If one builds the heat storage of granules of heat-resistant material, such as stones as a heat storage mass, such as basalt stone, you can use in a bed of this material, heat resistant, especially outside ribbed pipes, such as steel pipes. This solution is of inherently inventive importance. It is interesting on the one hand, because the basalt stone is cheap, on the other hand, because the bed forms cavities that can easily catch the sun's rays (phenomenon of the black body), there is a low counter-reflection. In order to equalize the temperature in the bulk of the material, a circulation fan can be provided which circulates a stream of air through the bed and thereby equalizes the stone temperature. It is also conceivable that the granules have a particle diameter between 20 mm and 50 mm, so that the heat between the individual particles is predominantly transmitted by the radiation. It is conceivable that the upper layers of the heat storage mass have a relatively larger granules and the lower layers consist of granules of smaller diameter, because the heat is better transmitted to the finer granules by the air circulation. Evaporation tubes, which are or are immersed in the granules, can be ribbed on the outside. In this way, the heat is transferred by the radiation and convection from the bed to the tube ribs and to the tube wall. From the pipe inner wall, the heat is further (if provided) to the corundum balls in the pipe interior through the Heat conduction and transmitted by the radiation. Instead of the corundum balls you can use the cast steel balls.

On the evaporation tubes Kondensatzuführungsrohre, which are in particular positioned vertically and parallel to the tube axis, be connected or be, so that the condensate is evenly distributed to the particle bed. Since the particles are hot, the condensate evaporates abruptly and there is the water vapor, which is accumulated in a vapor collection container. The vapor pressure in the vapor collection tank is regulated and kept constant. The steam is directed into the steam turbine as needed.

The thermal power process represents a new arrangement and operating method of inherently inventive significance. Accordingly, the new cycle process is composed of four partial cycle processes. On one shaft there is a steam turbine and three turbines working with binary mixture. All four turbines together drive the shaft in rotation. In a steam turbine, the steam relaxes to 5 bar and up to a temperature which is greater than 152 ⁰ C (saturation temperature). After expansion, the exhaust steam is led into a heat exchanger where it transfers some of its heat to a heating water circuit. The binary mixture vaporizes in turn by passing through three evaporators and vaporizing a subset in each of the three vaporizers. In the evaporators for binary mixture there are different thermodynamic states. In this way, you have three separate cycle processes, each turbine process is responsible for each cycle. The heating water enters the first evaporator with the temperature of 150 ⁰ C and leaves the last evaporator with the temperature of 55 ⁰ C. In this way one reaches in the steam cycle a theoretical efficiency of 25% (this was a vapor pressure of 100 bar and the steam temperature is based on 500 ^° C.). With three cycle processes that work with two-component mixture, a total of 25.5% theoretical efficiency is achieved. It can be seen that in this way the overall efficiency of the system can be increased to 50.5%. Here are not the standard measures to increase the efficiency of a district Process such as feedwater preheating and multi-stage steaming have been taken into account.

If you only work with a steam turbine as standard and can relax the steam up to 0.04 bar (vacuum condensation), this results in a theoretical efficiency of 42%. The combination of water vapor - two-component mixture has the advantage that you can cool the heat storage mass down to 100 ⁰ C, because the heating water enters the second evaporator with the temperature 100 ⁰ C. When the heat storage mass is cooled down to 100 ^° C., the cycle III and the cycle IV work, and the two cycle processes result in a total theoretical efficiency of 12.5%. You can now choose whether to work with three cycle processes or two cycle processes. That's just the question of plant size and economy. The abovementioned and the claimed components and method steps to be used according to the invention described in the exemplary embodiments are not subject to special exceptions in terms of size, shape, material selection and technical design, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be used without restriction.

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, as well as from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which - by way of example - a solar power plant is shown. Also, individual features of the claims or of the embodiments may be combined with other features of other claims and embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the show: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the parabolic trough with counter-mirror and with heat storage, which is made of refractory concrete and poured in block form, and the insulation of the heat storage at a vertical position of the parabolic trough;

Figure 2 shows the same parabolic trough with heat storage as in Figure 1 at a position of the parabolic trough in western position (northern hemisphere of the earth and viewed from north to south) Figure 3 the same parabolic trough with heat storage as shown in Figure 1 at a position of the parabolic trough in the east (northern hemisphere of the earth and viewed from north to south)

FIG. 4 shows an evaporation tube with filler balls with a condensate feed line, as well as an exhaust steam line;

Figure 5.1 is a side view of the system of Figure 1;

Figure 5.2 is a plan view of the system of Figure 1;

Figure 6.1 is a schematic diagram of the parabolic trough with counter-mirror and heat storage in cross section; the parabolic mirror is in a vertical position; of the

Heat storage is filled with granules of refractory stone, also is a

Circulation fan to equalize the temperature in the heat storage rather provided and insulation of the heat accumulator, shown;

FIG. 6.2 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 6.1 in a side view (section along the line B-B according to FIG. 6.1) FIG. 6.3 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 6.1 in plan view (section along the line A-A according to FIG. 6.1); FIG. 7 shows a ribbed tube according to FIG. 6.1;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the ribbed tubes and the intervening

Bed of refractory granules;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the combined cycle processes, water vapor binary system, connected to a heat storage system; Figure 9.1 shows the system, according to Figure 9 in plan view;

Figure 10 is a vertical view of another heat storage with concentric mirrors lying around; Figure 11 shows the same heat storage in horizontal section from above;

Figure 12 shows a similar embodiment of the heat storage for the area-to

Storage of wind energy, in vertical section view; Figure 13 shows an embodiment of a further heat storage according to the same or additional wind energy and energy from biomass can be stored, in vertical section view;

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of an even further heat accumulator, according to which the solar rays emit their energy via an absorber to compressed air by means of a concentrating mirror, in vertical section view;

Figure 15 shows a further possible application of a heat storage for storing wind energy shown schematically, in vertical section view; Figure 16 shows a further heat storage, poured from refractory concrete mass poured out as a monoblock, in vertical section view;

17 shows a still further heat storage for the storage of wind energy, in vertical section view;

FIG. 18 shows a further embodiment of a heat accumulator according to which solar energy and wind energy can be stored simultaneously or separately, depending on how large the energy supply is, in vertical section view;

FIG. 19 shows a further heat accumulator in vertical section view;

FIG. 19A shows the same heat accumulator in horizontal sectional view;

Figure 20 shows a variant for storing various types of energy, which shows an economical and inexpensive alternative with a heat storage, in vertical section view; Figure 20 A the same heat storage in detail;

Figure 21 shows a still further embodiment possibility, which can be stored simultaneously according to solar and wind energy, in vertical section view; FIG. 22 shows a further embodiment which is used in accordance with a heat accumulator only for the storage of wind energy, in vertical section view; such as

FIG. 23 shows a heat accumulator shaped in such a way that it simultaneously serves as a furnace and

Heat storage is used, in vertical section view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The concept according to the invention of the parabolic trough power plants according to FIG. 1. FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5. FIG. 5.1, FIG. 5.2 provides that the parabolic troughs 1 operate without an absorber tube and without a synthetic heat carrier, but that in the focus 1.1 of the primary Parabolic trough 1 a narrow Gegenparabolrinne 2 positioned so that the sun's rays are concentrated again and fall through the apex of the primary parabolic trough 1 directly on the surface 10 of a heat storage mass 3 through an opening. The opening is formed during casting of the heat accumulator 3 and it opens into a cavity 10.1 whose surface is pigmented black, so that the sun's rays are captured in this cavity 10.1 (the cavity behaves like a black body), where they are converted into heat and thereby heat the heat storage mass 3 up to a relatively high temperature. The heat is then distributed in the heat storage mass 3 over the entire volume through the heat conduction. In the heat storage mass 3 armored steel tubes 4 are cast from heat-resistant steel. The steel tubes 4 are hermetically sealed at the bottom and can withstand relatively high pressures. As the refractory mass 3, refractory concrete made of fireclay flour or burned magnesia or basalt stone, milled porcelain or other refractory suitable for high temperatures may be used. For the heat storage mass 3, the products with the participation of lignite fly ash are used.

The cast in the refractory mass 3 steel tubes 4 are filled with balls 5 from Ko round or steel. The balls 5 have the task to increase the heat transfer of refractory mass 3 to evaporating water. The balls 5 have a large specific surface area. When water falls on the balls, it evaporates abruptly. In this way, the refractory mass 3 is cooled from top to bottom. The parabolic trough 1 is mounted on a supporting steel structure 6, is electronically controlled and tracked the sun. The drive takes place via an electric motor 7 equipped with gear 8. It is preferred that the axis of the adjustment WeIIe 9 is in a plane with the surface 10 of the heat storage mass 3, so that the focused sun rays always fall on the surface 10 of the heat storage mass 3, regardless of which angle the parabolic trough 1 to the sun accepts.

In order to minimize the radiation losses of the heat storage mass 3 through the surface, a movable plate 11 is provided, on the lower side of which an anti-reflection surface 11.1 made of a polished sheet metal is attached. On the movable plate 11, a slot-shaped opening 12 is provided through which pass the sun's rays.

The plate 11 slides in one or the other direction depending on the direction of rotation of the parabolic trough 1. During the night, the entire surface of the heat storage material 10 is shielded with this plate 11. From the upper side, the plate 11 is thermally insulated. The whole plate 11 is supported on both sides of the rollers which move on a U-profile. The plate 11 can be operated electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. In a heat storage 3, it is crucial to prevent heat loss maximum.

For the isolation of the heat accumulator 3, a certain procedure is followed. In the heat storage mass 3, an insulating mat 13 of 200 mm thick is provided as the first layer, which can withstand 1200 ⁰ C in continuous operation. Then comes an air layer 14 of 1500 mm thickness and then stainless steel sheet (gloss) 15 as Antire- flexblech to reflect the coming heat radiation from the heat storage 3 and the end is followed by an insulating mat 16th

The complete insulation is hermetically sealed, so that a convective flow and thus a cooling of the heat storage mass 3 is prevented. For the insulation of the soil, a concept is provided, according to which an insulating plate 17 is placed on a fine sand fill of refractory insulating concrete, which at the same time as Tragplat- te for the heat accumulator 3 is used. On the concrete floor a fine sand bearing bed 18 is poured about 1m thick and compacted by a vibrator. The fine sand 18 should have the grain size of 0 to 1 mm so that its thermal conductivity is kept low. The fine sand bed 18 is encapsulated in a concrete pit 19, so that the bed 18 can not be displaced by the pressure load.

By means of an insulation designed in this way, a heat transfer coefficient of 0.04 W / m ² K is obtained for the heat transfer through the sides of the heat accumulator 3 and through the bottom 0.07 WA ² K. Based on the calculated heat transfer coefficients it can be estimated that the heat loss of the heat accumulator of is about 0.05% in 24 h, which can be considered low.

Since the storage temperature up to. 1000 ⁰ C should be, one must weigh with which thermodynamic parameters, the power plant to be operated, ie, it must be balanced the relation, steam turbine to storage capacity. The heat storage blocks 3 are factory-made and placed on site under the parabolic troughs 1, insulated and connected to each other.

At a certain distance from the surface 10, 10.1 of the heat storage blocks 3, a glass plate 20 is provided, through which the sun rays pass and on the surface 10.1 of the heat storage mass 3 fall. The glass sheet 20 is made of temperature-resistant thermal glass, so that it can withstand the prevailing temperatures. The evaporation tubes 4 are connected to a condensate line 21 and a steam line 22. The condensate is distributed by means of the condensate line 21 on the ball-5. Because the ball bed 5 is hot, the water evaporates abruptly and the steam is passed by means of the steam lines 22 in a vapor storage tank 39. The evaporation tubes 4 are provided on the surface with a reinforcement 23, so that they form a network with refractory material 3. When pouring the heat storage blocks, the openings are 3.1 left therein. There you can also install electric heating elements 5.1 to save under certain circumstances, wind energy or other energy. The condensate supply to the evaporation tubes 4 is made through a condensate distribution vessel 24 by keeping the condensate level equal to the condensate level in the condensate supply lines 21 according to the law of communicating vessels. By raising the level of the condensate in the vessel 24, the level in the individual condensate supply lines 21 automatically rises, and the condensate is metered into the evaporation tubes 4. The condensate is conveyed by means of the piston pump 25.

The peculiarity according to the figures 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 is that you can fill the heat storage 3 with granules 26 of heat-resistant stones, such as, basalt stone or granite stones. In the basalt crushed stone, a ribbed heat-resistant steel tube 27 is used. This solution is interesting on the one hand because the basalt stone is cheap, on the other hand because the bed forms the cavities that can easily catch the sun's rays (phenomenon of the black body). There is a low counter-reflection. In order to equalize the temperature in the basalt bed a circulation fan 28 is provided which circulates the air flow through the bed and thereby the stone temperature is made uniform. One can imagine that the grains should have a diameter between 20 mm and 50 mm, because the heat between the individual grains is usually transmitted by the radiation. It is conceivable that the upper layers should have a granulate with a larger grain and the lower layers are made of granules of smaller diameter, because the heat is better transmitted to the finer granules by the air circulation. The tubes 27, which are immersed in the granules 26, are highly fused, so that the heat is transferred by the radiation and convection from the bed to the tubular ribs 27.1 and to the tube wall. From the tube inner wall, the heat is transferred to the corundum balls 5 through the heat conduction and through the radiation. Instead of the corundum balls 5 you can use the cast steel balls. At the evaporation tubes 27 Kondensatzuführungsrohre 21, which are positioned vertically and parallel to the tube axis 4,27, connected, so that condensate is evenly distributed to the Korundkugelschüttung 5. Since the corundum balls 5 are hot, water evaporates abruptly and there arises the water vapor which is accumulated in a vapor collecting container 39. The vapor pressure in the vapor collecting tank 39 is regulated and kept constant. The steam is directed into the steam turbine as needed. In FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the ribbed tube 27 is shown with ribs 27. 1, as well as a schematic representation of the arrangement of the ribbed tubes 27 in the bed 26.

The inventive concept according to FIG. 9 and FIG. 9.1 is a new conception of the thermal power process. The cycle consists of four partial cycle processes. On a shaft 29 is a steam turbine 30 and three turbines 31, 32, 33 which operate with binary mixture. All four turbines 30, 31, 32, 33 are placed on a shaft 29 and together they set the shaft 29 in rotary motion. In the steam turbine 30, the steam relaxes to 5 bar pressure and up to a temperature which is greater than 152 ⁰ C (saturation temperature). After expansion, exhaust steam is passed into a heat exchanger 34 where it transfers its heat to a Heizwasserkreislauf 35, the row after three evaporators 36, 37, 38 passes and in each of the three evaporators 36, 37, 38 evaporates the binary mixture. In the evaporators 36, 37, 38 for two-substance mixture prevail various thermodynamic states. In this way, you have three separate cycle processes (II, III, IV), each turbine is responsible for each cycle. The heating water enters the first evaporator 36 with the temperature of 150 ⁰ C and leaves the last evaporator 38 with the temperature of 55 ⁰ C. In this way one reaches in the steam cycle (I) the total theoretical efficiency of 25% (this was the Vapor pressure 100 bar and the steam temperature 500 ⁰ C basis) and with three cycles (II, III, IV) working with binary mixture, one reaches a total of 25.5% the theoretical efficiency. This shows that in this way the overall Theoretical efficiency of the system can be raised to 50.5%. Here, the standard measures to increase the efficiency of a cycle have not been taken into account, such as feedwater pre-heating and multi-stage steam overheating.

If you work by default, only with steam turbine 30 and relax the steam up to 0.04 bar (vacuum condensation), resulting in a theoretical efficiency of 42%. The combination of water vapor two-substance mixture has the advantage that you can cool the heat storage mass down to 100 ⁰ C, because the heating water enters the second evaporator 37 with the temperature of 100 ⁰ C. When the storage tank is cooled down to 100 ^° C, the cycles (III and IV) operate, giving a total theoretical efficiency of 12.5%. You can now choose between three cycle processes (II, III, IV) or two cycle processes (II, III). That's just the question of plant size and economy. Other ways to run a large heat storage:

A large-capacity heat accumulator 101 according to FIG. 10 has a cuboidal, round or other shape cast from casting compound 102, which constitutes a compact heat storage block. The casting compound 102 may be made of refractory concrete which hardens after the casting process in a certain time. Tubes 103 made of heat-resistant steel are embedded in the refractory mass and previously reinforced if necessary and provided with compensators for absorbing thermal expansion and cast with the casting compound. The tubes are closed at the bottom and open at the top. In order to better transfer the heat from the pipes to the air flowing through them, the pipes can be filled with a pouring pad 104, which can withstand high temperatures. The ballast material may be made of molten corundum, refractory grade stainless steel or another temperature resistant material. The tubes protrude out of the refractory concrete mass and are directed into a vapor collection vessel 105. The tubes may be airtight welded to the bottom of the vapor collection container 105. At the top of the pipes Water inlet openings 106 can be provided, through which water or condensate can drip into the pipes. The basic form of the refractory mass can be designed arbitrarily. In the case of a parallelepiped embodiment, the solar radiation surfaces 107 are convex, and can be airtightly shielded with a glazing, in particular a double glazing 108, in such a way that no circulating movement of the air between the double glazing and the solar irradiation surface is possible. The sunshine surface can be pigmented black and serves as an absorber surface. The sun's rays are concentrated by concentric mirror 109 through the double glazing on the irradiation surface, thereby producing a temperature up to 1000 ⁰ C. The heat is then transported through the concrete mass by heat conduction. The temperature in the concrete mass tends to a steady state. The energy of the sun's rays should always be greater than the decoupled energy from the concrete mass so that the temperature varies between a maximum and a minimum value. These values are determined when the memory is designed.

The heat decoupling from the heat storage mass is carried out in such a way that condensate is passed into the vapor collection tank 105, through which openings 6 flows into the evaporation tubes, is distributed to the ballast located in the evaporation tubes, which has a high temperature and high specific surface, and there vaporized suddenly. The steam rises in the Dampfsammeiraum 110, wherein a vapor pressure builds up. The water vapor thus formed having a certain vapor pressure is then conducted into a steam turbine 111 and electric current is generated by means of the current generator 112. The system is regulated in such a way that the vapor pressure in the vapor collection chamber 110 is kept constant by means of a condensate feed pump 113. When there is a demand for steam, the condensate feed pump is activated, the pump feeds the condensate into the steam collecting tank and the further procedure proceeds as described above. The speed of the steam turbine is controlled by means of the steam control valve 114. The isolation of the heat storage is z. B. designed as described above. In order to reduce the heat losses due to the heat radiation during the night, facilities 119 are provided, such as heat-insulated gates which cover the irradiation area 107 at night.

Figure 11 is a plan view of the heat storage with concentric mirrors lying around 109 shown. FIG. 12 shows a similar embodiment of the heat accumulator for use for storing wind energy. From a wind turbine 122 electrical power is passed to the heat storage. In the heat storage electric heating elements 124 are placed in a horizontal arrangement in openings, which are taken into account during the casting process of the heat accumulator 123. The wind stream is directed into the heating rods, which release the heat to the heat storage mass.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment which, according to simultaneous or supplementary wind energy and energy from the biomass, can be stored. In front of the heat storage 125, a furnace 126 is mounted. In the heat storage mass, a flue gas channel 127 is recessed so that the flue gases flow from the furnace through the flue gas channel. There they give off their heat to the heat storage mass 102 and heat them. In the heat storage mass are heating rods 124 (as in Figure 12). By the biomass one can e.g. compensate for the inadequacy of wind energy. The flue gases are conveyed by means of a blower 128 through the heat storage mass.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment according to which the solar rays emit their energy via an absorber 129 to the compressed air by means of a concentrating mirror 109. The hot air from the absorber flows through pipes which are embedded in the heat storage block 130a and may be potted with heat storage mass. She gives her heat to the heat storage mass and it is velvet their residual heat passed into an air turbine 131, there relaxed to atmospheric pressure and by means of a power generator 132, electric power is generated. Part of the power generated in the turbine is delivered to a compressor 133 to compress the outside air. The outside air is sucked through an inlet 134 into the compressor and compressed to a certain pressure. In air compression, the air temperature rises.

The system can be put into operation when the heat storage mass is a temperature of z. B. 400 ⁰ C reached. At this temperature and an air pressure of about 10 bar, the power generator 131 and compressor 133 can be operated. For the specific operating conditions, the air pressure of 10 bar, the compression end temperature of the air is 292 ⁰ C. To heat the air to 400 ⁰ C requires a ΔT of 108 ⁰ C. For these conditions after the turbine 132, the final relaxation temperature of the air 75 ⁰ C. Thus, the theoretical efficiency for adiabatic relaxation and adiabatic compression is 30%.

If the heat storage mass reaches the temperature 1000 ⁰ C, then the air exits from the heat storage mass, theoretically, a maximum of 1000 ⁰ C and starting from a compression pressure of 60 bar, results in a compression end temperature of 670 ⁰ C. The final relaxation temperature the air after the turbine 132 is 122 ⁰ C and thus gives the theoretical efficiency of 43.5%.

During the night, the electricity is generated from the stored heat. This happens z. For example, in such a manner that closing the valve 134 and opening the nozzle 135 directs the compressed air from the compressor 133 into the heat storage blocks 130. There, the air is heated and passed into the turbine 131. The same procedure as described above applies. The control of the turbine speed by means of the control valve 136 which is positioned at the inlet of the compressor. FIG. 15 schematically shows a further application possibility for storing the wind energy. In the memory blocks 130a, the heating elements 124 are inserted. introduced. By means of the heating rods, the power from the wind turbine 122 in the storage blocks is converted into heat energy. The execution principle is identical to the embodiment according to FIG. 14: the atmospheric air is compressed to a specific pressure by means of the compressor 133 and is subsequently conducted into the heat storage blocks 130. There it is heated to a higher temperature than the compression temperature and is then passed into the turbine 131. In the turbine, the air relaxes to atmospheric pressure and to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. By the air release in the turbine electric current is generated by means of the current generator 132. Part of the power is delivered to the compressor 133 to compress the outside air.

According to FIG. 16, the heat accumulator 101 made of refractory concrete mass 102 is shown poured out as a modular block. In the concrete mass fireproof steel tubes 103 are embedded with reinforcement 103a made of stainless steel wire. In the steel tubes there is a ball bed 104 to intensify the heat transfer to the air flowing through the steel tubes. The relevant embodiment is provided for the purpose of storing the solar energy. The basic form of the refractory mass can be designed arbitrarily. In the case of a parallelepiped embodiment, the solar radiation surfaces 7 are convex, and airtightly shielded with a double glazing 108 such that no circulating movement of the air between the double glazing and the sun radiation surface is possible. The sunshine surface is pigmented black and serves as an absorber surface. The sun's rays are concentrated by means of concentrating mirrors 109 through the double glazing on the irradiation surface, the temperature is up to 1000 ⁰ C and the heat is then transferred through the concrete mass by heat conduction. From the stored in the heat storage mass high temperature heat, the energy is decoupled by means of the air. In the compressor 133, the outside air is compressed to a certain pressure, is then passed into the heat accumulator and warmed to a temperature which is insignificantly lower than the temperature of the heat storage mass. The hot air is then passed into the air turbine 131. There it relaxes to the atmospheric pressure and to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. The Turbine power is converted into electrical power by the power generator 132. Part of the turbine power is delivered to the compressor 133 to compress the outside air. In Figure 17, the heat storage as in Figure 16 but for the storage of wind energy. The difference from FIG. 16 lies merely in the fact that the electric heating elements 124 are introduced into the heat storage mass 102 into the recessed openings provided during the casting process. The heating rods 124 convert the electrical energy into heat. In this case, the heat storage mass is heated to 1000 ⁰ C and by means of the air as the heat transfer medium, identical as in Figure 16, electricity is generated from the stored energy. The other difference from FIG. 16 is that the memory 137 does not require convex irradiation surfaces and double glazing. For this reason, the heat storage 137 is completely insulated. FIG. 18 shows an embodiment according to which the solar energy and the wind energy can be stored simultaneously or separately depending on how large the energy supply is. The embodiment is as shown in Figure 16, but with the introduced in the heat storage mass 102 heating rods 124 give their heat to the heat storage mass.

FIG. 19 schematically shows the geometry of the optimum design of a heat accumulator. FIG. 19A schematically shows the top view of an optimized heat accumulator. According to the invention, the irradiation surface is formed as a cavity 140 so that the sun rays radiate through a narrow gap 141 over the entire storage height. They are absorbed by the black pigmented surface 107 and thereby converted into heat. The cavity 140 behaves almost like a black body. The gap opening 141 is provided with double glazing 108 and with inner coating from the inner side of the glass sheet, so that the heat radiation is minimized. At night, a shielding gate 119 with its own drive is brought into position, so that the gap opening is completely covered, so that the radiation losses are kept to a minimum can. Openings may be left in the storage mass 102 when the storage mass 2 is poured out, so that heating rods can be introduced into these openings. Thus, at the same time the sun and wind energy can be stored. In FIG. 20, according to this invention, a variant for storing different types of energy is shown, which shows an economical and economical alternative. A heat storage 142 is provided with a riprap 143, which consists of refractory bricks. In the riprap, the refractory steel pipes 144 are embedded. The steel tubes are filled with a ballast 104 of molten corundum or refractory stainless steel to intensify heat transfer. The steel pipes are ribbed from the outside with refractory steel sheet 145 so that the riprap is in constant contact with the steel pipes and with the ribs. The heat from the riprap is transmitted to the steel pipes and ribs mainly by radiation. Since the steel tubes can move linearly in the riprap, the expansion receptacle can be provided outside the accumulator 142. Because the ball bed provided in the steel tubes has a large specific surface area, the heat transfer from the steel tubes to the compressed air flowing through them is very efficient. In the riprap, instead of the steel pipes through which the air flows as a heat transfer medium, the evaporation pipes are provided as described in FIG.

The solar energy is stored in such a way that the sun's rays, which are concentrated by means of concentrating mirrors on at least one absorber surface 129. There, they convert their energy into the heat and heat the air flowing through the absorber to a maximum of 1000 ^° C. The hot air is circulated by means of a blower 146, so that it is conducted from the absorber 129 into the heat accumulator 142. There it gives off its heat to the riprap 143 and leaves again the memory 142. The heat decoupling from the heat accumulator 142 takes place in such a way that a compressor compresses the outside air to a certain pressure. The air temperature on. The compressed air flows through the Stahlrohe 144 which are embedded in the riprap 143. There it is additionally heated by the heat decoupling from the riprap. It is then directed into an air turbine 131. In the turbine, the air relaxes to the ambient pressure and a temperature that is higher than the ambient temperature.

FIG. 20A shows the heat accumulator 142 with riprap 143 and steel pipes 144 embedded in the riprap. The heat accumulator 142 rests on a fine sand fill 117b and the fine sand fill lies on a foundation of reinforced concrete 117a. The fine sand fill 117b is shaken up and compacted on the concrete foundation. The cylinder 142, which is filled with rock fill 143, is made of refractory firebrick 147 brick. For the entry of hot air into the memory 142, the port 148 and for the outlet of the port 149 is provided. A port 150 is provided for the entry of compressed air into the accumulator 142 and a port 151 is provided for the discharge of the heated air from the accumulator 142.

Figure 21 illustrates an embodiment that can be stored simultaneously according to solar and wind energy. The basic principle is as described in FIG. 20, but the heat accumulator 142 is preceded by an air heater 152 in which electrical heating elements 124 are installed in order to heat up the wind system by means of the electrical energy. If the solar energy is insufficient, the energy of the wind turbine is taken or vice versa. FIG. 22 shows an embodiment which, according to a heat accumulator 142, is used only for the storage of the wind energy. The basic principle is already described in FIG.

In FIG. 23, a heat accumulator 152 is shaped such that it simultaneously serves as firing 153 and heat accumulator 152. So you can burn in the furnace 153, the biomass and store the energy of the combustion gases in the refractory mass. When pouring the heat storage mass 102, the furnace 153 is stenciled so that the finished furnace 153 is produced after hardening of the casting compound. During the casting process, openings 154 in the refractory mass for the flue gases are shaped such that flue gases flowing through the openings release their heat to the refractory mass and heat it up to a higher temperature. In the refractory mass, steel pipes (as described for FIG. 10) are provided with reinforcement 103a and embedded with expansion compensators 120. The steel tubes are filled with a ball bed 104 to increase the heat transfer from the refractory mass to the compressed air flowing through the steel tubes.

When the heat storage mass reaches the desired temperature, a motor 132 turns on (when starting, a generator 131 operates as a motor) and by means of a compressor 133, the outside air is compressed to a certain pressure. In this case, the compressed air temperature increases and then the compressed air in the heat storage mass is heated to a higher temperature and relaxed in the turbine 131 to atmospheric pressure Qetzt the engine is switched as a generator). You can interpret the capacity of the heat storage so that it fires at certain intervals, the system. The firing can be automated. By means of a flue gas fan 55, the fresh air supply is secured in the furnace 153 and the flue gases are withdrawn from the furnace. By limiting the flue gas temperature at the exit from the heat accumulator 152, it is possible to regulate the efficiency of the firing. The flue gas temperature at the exit from the heat accumulator 152 should not exceed 300 ^° C. The rotational speed of the turbine 131 is regulated by means of a control valve 136 provided at the inlet of the air compressor 133.

Details of the other large-capacity heat storage of Figures 10 to 23 can be designed and in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 9. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 parabolic trough 22 steam line

1.1 Focus or focus zone 23 Reinforcement

2 counterpart parabolic trough 24 condensate distribution vessel

3 heat storage mass 25 piston pump

3.1 openings 26 granules

4 Evaporating tubes or steel tubes27 Evaporating or steel tubes re 27.1 Tubular ribs

4.27 pipe axis 28 circulation fan

5 balls 29 (turbine) shaft

5.1 Heating rods 30 Steam turbine

6 steel construction 31 turbine

7 engine 32 turbine

8 Transmission 33 Turbine

9 Adjusting shaft 34 Heat exchanger

10 Surface 35 Heating water circuit

10.1 cavity 36 evaporator

11 plate 37 evaporator

11.1 Antireflective surface 38 Evaporator

12 opening 39 vapor collection container

13 Insulating mat 101 Large capacity heat storage

14 air layer 102 casting compound

15 stainless steel sheet 103 pipes

16 insulating mat 103a reinforcement

17 Insulating plate 104 ball bed

18 fine sand carrier 105 steam tank

19 Concrete pit 106 Water inlet

20 glass plate 107 solar radiation surfaces

21 Condensate line or condensate 108 Double glazing

Feed pipes or pipes 109 Mirrors 110 steam collection chamber 148 connection

111 Steam turbine 149 Connection

112 power generator 150 connection

113 Condensate feed pump 151 Connection

114 Steam control valve 152 Air heater

117a concrete 153 firing

117b fine sand fill

119 Device (I) Steam cycle

120 Expansion Compensation (II) Circular Process

122 Wind Turbine (III) cycle process

123 Heat storage (IV) cycle process

124 heating elements

125 heat storage

126 firing

127 flue gas duct

129 absorbers

130a heat storage block

131 air turbine

132 Electric generator / turbine

133 compressors

134 inlet

135 valve

136 control flap

137 heat storage

140 cavity

141 gap

142 heat storage

143 riprap

144 steel pipes

145 sheet steel

147 fireclay bricks

Claims

1. Solar power plant with at least one reflector in the form of a parabolic trough and at least one heat storage, characterized in that in the focus (1.1) or in a focus zone of the at least one parabolic trough (1) at least one further reflector in the form of a Gegenparabolrinne (2) is positioned so that the sunbeams are concentrated again and then they pass the apex region (1A) of the parabolic trough (1), in particular through an opening (12) and onto the heat accumulator (3) provided behind it, in particular on its surface (10) or the surface of a cavity (10.1) in the heat storage fall and that means for retrieving the stored heat in or on the heat storage mass (3) before

2. Solar power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that at a distance from the surface (10, 10.1) of the heat storage mass (3) a glass pane (20) is placed so that the sun's rays through the glass pane (20) through and on the surface ( 10) and / or fall on the surface of a cavity (10.1) in the heat storage mass

3. Solar power plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plate (11) is provided with a, in particular slot-shaped opening (12) through which the sun's rays go through and that the plate and / or the opening according to the position of the sun trackable is.

4. Solar power plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat storage mass (3) of a material from the group of refractory concrete, burned magnesium oxide, made of basalt concrete, is made of ground porcelain or another refractory stone or is made.

5. Solar power plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the heat storage mass (3), possibly armored, evaporation tubes (4), are or are used and at the lower end, preferably, are closed.

6. Solar power plant according to one of claim 5, characterized in that the evaporation tubes (4) are filled with a material bed (5) in order to intensify the heat transfer from the heat storage mass (3) during the evaporation process.

7. Solar power plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the adjusting shaft (9) of the at least one parabolic trough (1) on or in the

Heat storage mass (3) or in a plane with one of the surfaces (10) of the heat storage mass (3), so that the focused sun rays always in a line or a strip on the surface (10) the heat storage mass (3) fall, regardless of which Position the parabolic trough (1) assumes.

8. Solar power plant according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 7.6, characterized in that an insulation of the heat accumulator (3) on the side surfaces of the heat accumulator (3) on the inside thereof, a first insulating layer (13), This is followed by an air layer (14), which is followed by a heat-reflecting layer and an outer insulating layer, and / or in that a bottom plate of a heat-insulating concrete (17), possibly reinforced, rests on a comparatively thick fine sand fill (18) for insulating the bottom which is heaped up in a concrete pit (19).

9. Solar power plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the heat storage mass (3) is provided as a bed (26) with a defined grain size of heat-resistant stones or particles, such as basalt Stone or granite stones or other stones can withstand the high temperature and remain stable.

10. Solar power plant according to claim 9, characterized in that in the piling (26, in particular finned, tubes (27) are or are inserted, which are filled with a ball bed (5) made of a refractory material or are.

11. Solar power plant according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a circulation blower (28) is provided, which circulates an air flow through the bed (26) from its warm to its cold zone in order to equalize the temperature in the bed (26) ,

12. A method for operating a parabolic trough power plant with at least one reflector in the form of a parabolic trough and at least one heat storage, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that water vapor is generated from the stored energy such that a

Condensate by means of a condensate feed pump (25), in particular a Kondensatverteilgefäß (24), in which the condensate level rises, is passed and the condensate through at least one condensate line (21) with a ball bed (5) filled evaporation tubes (4) located in the heat storage, is distributed, and there evaporates suddenly and that water and steam by means of steam lines (22) in a vapor collecting container (39) is passed.

13. Method according to the preamble of claim 12, in particular according to claim 12, characterized in that the energy decoupling from the heat storage by means of four cycle processes (I, II, IM, IV), wherein cycle (I) works with water vapor and the cycle processes (II , IM, IV) work with binary mixture water / steam.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that on a shaft (29) four turbines (30, 31, 32, 33) are provided which drive the shaft (29) together.

15. Large-capacity heat storage for storing solar energy, wind energy, night stream, energy from biomass or other types of energy, characterized in that the heat energy in a large-scale compact unit or in blocks (1, 23, 25, 30, 37, 37 a, 39, 52) which are poured out of refractory mass (2), is stored and the stored energy by means of refractory steel tubes (3), which are closed at one end and in the refractory mass (2) are embedded, decoupled.

16. Large-capacity heat accumulator according to claim 15, characterized in that the, optionally, concentrated, sun rays fall on at least one convex surface (7) of the heat accumulator and thereby be converted into the heat energy, wherein, preferably, the convex surface (7) over the entire height of the heat accumulator (1) extends.