WO2010121764A2 - Charging station for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Charging station for electric vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010121764A2
WO2010121764A2 PCT/EP2010/002372 EP2010002372W WO2010121764A2 WO 2010121764 A2 WO2010121764 A2 WO 2010121764A2 EP 2010002372 W EP2010002372 W EP 2010002372W WO 2010121764 A2 WO2010121764 A2 WO 2010121764A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging station
wind generator
wind
electric vehicles
charging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/002372
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2010121764A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Harjung
Thomas Blochberger
Martin Meschik
Nikolaus Dellantoni
Original Assignee
E-Moove Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E-Moove Gmbh filed Critical E-Moove Gmbh
Priority to EP10721659A priority Critical patent/EP2422076A2/en
Publication of WO2010121764A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010121764A2/en
Publication of WO2010121764A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010121764A3/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1415Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30Constructional details of charging stations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/52Wind-driven generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67Controlling two or more charging stations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/21Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/213Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging station for electric vehicles.
  • Mobility is a basic human need and is often seen and experienced as a synonym for freedom. Rising fuel prices and the environmental impact point to the limitations of the current form of mobility, which relies heavily on the use of combustion engine vehicles. against this backdrop, the automotive and supplier industries have recently stepped up their efforts to develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly powertrain technologies. A central role in the race for the mobility of tomorrow is taken by electric powertrains, which have a particularly high energy efficiency, which is about 3-4 times higher than in internal combustion engines, and which cause very low or, when using electricity from renewable sources, no emissions , This trend is supported by a technological quantum leap in storage technology, the accumulators.
  • the electric motor is superior to the internal combustion engine as a drive unit in many properties. These include, for example, the high efficiency of about 90% compared to about 25% for the internal combustion engine, the simpler design of the powertrain and the lower noise development.
  • the environmental friendliness of an electric vehicle depends on the way in which the electric current required by the vehicle is generated.
  • DE 100 08 028 A1 describes a system in which a wind farm is provided for the provision of drive energy for a large number of motor vehicles.
  • the system has at least one wind energy converter that converts natural wind energy into electrical energy.
  • At least one storage device stores the electrical energy in a storage medium, which is transmitted via a pipeline network through a supply device to a motor vehicle.
  • a charging station in which a wind generator is provided in the center of a channel. With the channel, the wind speed and thus the yield of the wind generator should be increased.
  • the present invention has for its object to further develop the prior art.
  • a charging station for electric vehicles which comprises a wind generator with a vertical axis, an electrical energy store connected to the wind generator, a charging interface for connecting the electric energy store with at least one electric vehicle, a control unit and a communication unit, and wherein the charging station approximates has the shape of a column, in the upper region of the Wingenera- tor is arranged.
  • the column shape of the invention also allows use in densely populated areas where charging stations are mainly needed. It is also particularly advantageous if the wind generator includes a Savonius rotor, since these rotors a particular allow compact design and work very quiet.
  • a jacket of the rotor of the wind generator with baffles is particularly advantageous. This is a protection of the environment is possible while maintaining the compact design. If the angle of attack of the baffles is adjusted as a function of the wind speed, the efficiency of the system can be optimized.
  • control unit comprises means for controlling the wind generator to a maximum output power.
  • the charging station is connected to the power grid in the sense of a "smart grids" or intelligent power grid.
  • the excess energy can be delivered to the power grid, while possibly also energy can be purchased from the power grid.
  • Fig.l a first embodiment of the charging station according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section through a charging station according to the invention according to the second embodiment.
  • the charging station for electric vehicles comprises a vertical axis wind generator 2, an electric motor connected to the wind generator. trischen energy storage 4, a charging interface 3 for connecting the electrical energy storage device with at least one electric vehicle, a control unit 5 and a communication unit. 6
  • the Savonius rotor In the upper part of the charging station designed as a pillar 1, the Savonius rotor is mounted, which drives the generator for generating electrical energy via a vertical axis.
  • a charging interface 3 for connection of the electrical energy storage device 4 is provided with at least one electric vehicle.
  • This charging interface 3 has means for charging the related electrical energy, such as, for example, a chip card reader.
  • the charging station is provided with a roof 7 between the wind generator 2 and the lower portion 1 of the charging station.
  • a vertical wind generator 2 in particular the use of a Savonius rotor, has a number of advantages: -Simple construction and easy installation; -High torque at relatively low speed; Irrespective of the wind direction, no wind direction required;
  • the blade vanes of the Savonius rotor are evenly loaded on their vertical axis of rotation by gravity.
  • the integrated energy storage 4 enables a more efficient yield at low wind speeds and thus an increase in efficiency. In this case, even a slow rotational speed of the generator 2 can charge the energy store 4.
  • the energy storage 4 can be used by the operator of the network in the sense of a "smart grid", ie an intelligent power grid, ie it can also be charged from the grid in times of energy surplus in the grid and deliver its power to the grid during peak load periods.
  • the invention therefore allows a column to grid (c2g) solution, which brings with it the advantage that the energy storage 4 used can be the property of the utility and therefore can be used without complex legal structures.
  • the use of the charging station according to the invention is therefore also expedient where the pure use for the addition of electric vehicles would not be justifiable because of the expected low frequency of use by these vehicles. But this significantly increases the incentives to set up such stations.
  • the "multifunctionality" of the charging station thus increases its profitability and thus its acceptance.
  • This multi-functionality of the system can, for example, also be used to advantage in integrating the charging station into a general supply system, for example using machines for dispensing food be equipped like drinks etc.
  • Power Point Trackers operated so that a maximum output power is achieved.
  • control unit 5 In addition to regulating the generation of energy, the control unit 5 also stores safety-related information. Such as switching off at excessive generator voltages as a result of squalls or possibly when icing of the rotor, as well as the control of the interaction with the power grid carried out.
  • a communication unit 6 as a diagnostic interface is advantageous.
  • the current state of the energy store 4, of the generator 2 and of the charging station can be queried, for example, by means of data communication via the power network or else via mobile radio, and also control and charging tasks can be triggered.
  • the extensive communication options can also serve as support for fleet management for the charged electric vehicles. This can increase the availability of these vehicles.
  • the Savonius rotor which is mounted in the upper region of the charging station and which drives the generator for generating electrical energy via a vertical axis, is surrounded by baffles 8.
  • the arrangement of these baffles 8 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • baffles in a suitable manner, the flow behavior is improved, thereby increasing the efficiency of the Savonius rotor. It is particularly advantageous if the baffles are designed so that their angle of attack can be changed depending on the wind speed.
  • baffles by their arrangement provide protection against water spray and other hazards that emanate from the - movable - rotor blades of the Savonius rotor, such as icing or foreign bodies that could be thrown in the oncoming wind of an accelerating rotor.
  • baffles cover the rotating parts of the rotor largely and let it appear as a immovable part of the building (Litfubble).
  • photovoltaic modules can be supplemented with photovoltaic modules to generate electricity on the outside and thus increase the overall efficiency of the system.
  • the charging station is equipped with security devices such as vibration detectors and video surveillance and all irregularities be reported via the Koitununikationsussi automatically to a monitoring center.

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging station for electric vehicles, comprising a wind generator (2) with a vertical axis, an electric energy accumulator (4) that is connected to the wind generator (2), a charging interface (3) for connecting the electric energy accumulator (4) to at least one electric vehicle, a control unit (5) and a communication unit (6), said charging station having approximately the form of a column (1), the upper region of which contains the wind generator (2). This permits an environmentally friendly decentralised generation of electric energy for driving electric vehicles.

Description

Ladestation für ElektrofahrzeugeCharging station for electric vehicles
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ladestation für Elektrofahrzeuge .The invention relates to a charging station for electric vehicles.
Mobilität ist ein Grundbedürfnis des Menschen und wird vielfach als Synonym für Freiheit gesehen und erlebt. Steigende Treibstoffpreise und die Umweltauswirkungen zeigen die Grenzen der derzeitigen Form der Mobilität auf, die wesentlich auf dem Einsatz von Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotoren beruht. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Automobil- und ihre Zulieferindustrie in jüngster Vergangenheit ihre Anstrengungen zur Entwicklung kostengünstiger und umweltfreundlicher Antriebstechnolo- gien intensiviert. Eine zentrale Rolle im Wettlauf um die Mobilität von morgen nehmen elektrische Antriebsstränge ein, welche eine besonders hohe Energieeffizienz aufweisen, die etwa 3-4mal höher als bei Verbrennungsmotoren ist, und sehr niedrige bzw. bei Verwen- düng von Strom aus regenerativen Quellen keine Emissionen verursachen. Getragen wird dieser Trend von einem technologischen Quantensprung in der Speichertechnologie, den Akkumulatoren.Mobility is a basic human need and is often seen and experienced as a synonym for freedom. Rising fuel prices and the environmental impact point to the limitations of the current form of mobility, which relies heavily on the use of combustion engine vehicles. Against this backdrop, the automotive and supplier industries have recently stepped up their efforts to develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly powertrain technologies. A central role in the race for the mobility of tomorrow is taken by electric powertrains, which have a particularly high energy efficiency, which is about 3-4 times higher than in internal combustion engines, and which cause very low or, when using electricity from renewable sources, no emissions , This trend is supported by a technological quantum leap in storage technology, the accumulators.
Der Elektromotor ist dem Verbrennungsmotor als Antriebseinheit in vielen Eigenschaften überlegen. Dazu zählen beispielsweise der hohe Wirkungsgrad von etwa 90% gegenüber etwa 25% beim Verbrennungsmotor, der einfachere Aufbau des Antriebsstrangs und die geringe- re Geräuschentwicklung.The electric motor is superior to the internal combustion engine as a drive unit in many properties. These include, for example, the high efficiency of about 90% compared to about 25% for the internal combustion engine, the simpler design of the powertrain and the lower noise development.
Der bisherige Hauptnachteil von Elektrofahrzeugen, die geringere Reichweite aufgrund der nur geringen Energiedichte der als Energiespeicher verwendeten Akkumu- latoren konnte in der jüngeren Vergangenheit durch Verbesserungen an den Speichertechnologien und durch die Entwicklung von sogenannten Hybridfahrzeugen deutlich verringert werden, sodass Elektrofahrzeuge inzwischen eine ernstzunehmende Alternative zu den Fahrzeu- gen mit Verbrennungsmotoren darstellen.The previous main disadvantage of electric vehicles, the shorter range due to the low energy density of the accumulators used as energy storage could in recent years through Improvements in storage technologies and the development of so-called hybrid vehicles are significantly reduced, making electric vehicles a serious alternative to vehicles with internal combustion engines.
Wesentlich für die Akzeptanz der Elektrofahrzeuge wird jedoch ein flächendeckendes Netz an Ladestationen, den sogenannten Elektro- oder Stromtankstellen, sein.Essential for the acceptance of electric vehicles, however, will be a nationwide network of charging stations, the so-called electric or charging stations.
Darüber hinaus hängt die Umweltfreundlichkeit eines Elektrofahrzeuges von der Art und Weise ab, wie der vom Fahrzeug benötigte elektrische Strom erzeugt wird.In addition, the environmental friendliness of an electric vehicle depends on the way in which the electric current required by the vehicle is generated.
Wenn beispielsweise Strom in einem Kohlekraftwerk erzeugt wird, belastet die Verbrennung der Kohle die Umwelt und dies umso mehr, als der Wirkungsgrad derartiger Kraftwerke bei Berücksichtigung des Energieaufwandes für den Abbau und Transport der Kohle nur etwa 30% beträgt. Mit den weiteren Verlusten sowohl beim Transport des Stromes als auch im Elektromotor wird dabei ein Gesamtwirkungsgrad erzielt, der denjenigen des Verbrennungsmotors nicht wesentlich übersteigt.For example, when electricity is generated in a coal-fired power plant, the combustion of coal pollutes the environment, all the more so as the efficiency of such power plants, taking into account the energy required to extract and transport the coal, is only about 30%. With the further losses, both during transport of the current and in the electric motor, an overall efficiency is achieved which does not significantly exceed that of the internal combustion engine.
Aus der DE 10 2007 040 923 Al wird dazu vorgeschlagen, die elektrische Energie für die Ladung von Elektro- fahrzeugen mittels Brennstoffzellen unmittelbar am Ort einer Elektrotankstelle zu erzeugen, bzw. Elektrotank- stellen dort einzurichten, wo Anschlüsse eines Erdgas- netzes und eines Nahwärmenetzes vorhanden sind.From DE 10 2007 040 923 Al it is proposed to generate the electrical energy for the charge of electric vehicles by means of fuel cells directly at the location of an electric filling station, or to set up electrical filling stations there, where there are connections of a natural gas network and a local heating network are.
Die DE 100 08 028 Al beschreibt ein System, bei dem ein Windpark zur Bereitstellung von Antriebsenergie für eine Vielzahl von Kraftfahrzeugen vorgesehen ist. Das System weist mindestens einen Windenergiekonverter auf, der natürliche Windenergie in elektrische Energie umwandelt. Mindestens eine Speichereinrichtung speichert die elektrische Energie in einem Speichermedium, das über ein Leitungsnetz durch eine Versorgungsein- richtung in ein Kraftfahrzeug übertragen wird.DE 100 08 028 A1 describes a system in which a wind farm is provided for the provision of drive energy for a large number of motor vehicles. The system has at least one wind energy converter that converts natural wind energy into electrical energy. At least one storage device stores the electrical energy in a storage medium, which is transmitted via a pipeline network through a supply device to a motor vehicle.
Aus der EP 1 260 709 ist eine Ladestation bekannt, bei der ein Windgenerator im Zentrum eines Kanales vorgesehen ist. Mit dem Kanal soll die Windgeschwindigkeit und damit die Ausbeute des Windgenerators erhöht werden.From EP 1 260 709 a charging station is known in which a wind generator is provided in the center of a channel. With the channel, the wind speed and thus the yield of the wind generator should be increased.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Stand der Technik weiterzubilden.The present invention has for its object to further develop the prior art.
Erfindungsgemäß geschieht dies mit einer Ladestation für Elektrofahrzeuge, welche einen Windgenerator mit vertikaler Achse, einen mit dem Windgenerator verbundenen elektrischen Energiespeicher, eine Ladeschnitt- stelle zur Verbindung des elektrischen Energiespeichers mit zumindest einem Elektrofahrzeug, eine Steuereinheit und eine Kommunikationseinheit umfasst, und wobei die Ladestation annähernd die Form einer Säule aufweist, in deren oberen Bereich der Wingenera- tor angeordnet ist.According to the invention, this is done with a charging station for electric vehicles, which comprises a wind generator with a vertical axis, an electrical energy store connected to the wind generator, a charging interface for connecting the electric energy store with at least one electric vehicle, a control unit and a communication unit, and wherein the charging station approximates has the shape of a column, in the upper region of the Wingenera- tor is arranged.
Die räumliche Kombination einer „Stromtankstelle" mit einem Windgenerator führt zu einer umweltfreundlichen Lösung.The spatial combination of a "charging station" with a wind generator leads to an environmentally friendly solution.
Die erfindungsgemäße Säulenform ermöglicht auch den Einsatz in dicht besiedeltem Gebiet, wo Stromtankstellen vorwiegend benötigt werden. Dabei ist es auch besonders vorteilhaft, wenn der Windgenerator einen Sa- vonius-Rotor umfasst, da diese Rotoren eine besonders kompakte Bauweise erlauben und besonders geräuscharm arbeiten.The column shape of the invention also allows use in densely populated areas where charging stations are mainly needed. It is also particularly advantageous if the wind generator includes a Savonius rotor, since these rotors a particular allow compact design and work very quiet.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist auch eine Ummantelung des Rotors des Windgenerators mit Leitblechen. Damit ist unter Beibehaltung der kompakten Bauform eine Absicherung der Umgebung möglich. Wenn der Anstellwinkel der Leitbleche in Abhängigkeit von der Windgeschwindigkeit verstellt wird, kann der Wirkungsgrad der Anlage opti- miert werden.Particularly advantageous is a jacket of the rotor of the wind generator with baffles. This is a protection of the environment is possible while maintaining the compact design. If the angle of attack of the baffles is adjusted as a function of the wind speed, the efficiency of the system can be optimized.
Dazu ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuereinheit Mittel zur Regelung des Windgenerators auf eine maximale Ausgangsleistung umfasst.For this purpose, it is advantageous if the control unit comprises means for controlling the wind generator to a maximum output power.
Günstig ist es dabei auch, wenn die Ladestation mit dem Stromnetz verbunden ist im Sinne eines „smart grids" oder intelligenten Stromnetzes. In diesem Fall kann in Zeiten erhöhter Stromproduktion durch den Windgenerator die überschüssige Energie an das Stromnetz abgegeben werden, während gegebenenfalls auch Energie aus dem Stromnetz bezogen werden kann.It is also advantageous if the charging station is connected to the power grid in the sense of a "smart grids" or intelligent power grid. In this case, in times of increased power production by the wind generator, the excess energy can be delivered to the power grid, while possibly also energy can be purchased from the power grid.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Figuren näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures.
Es zeigen beispielhaft:They show by way of example:
Fig.l ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation, Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel und Fig.3 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Ladestation gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.Fig.l a first embodiment of the charging station according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment and Figure 3 shows a cross section through a charging station according to the invention according to the second embodiment.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ladestation für Elektrofahrzeuge nach Fig.l umfasst einen Windgenerator mit vertikaler Achse 2, einen mit dem Windgenerator verbundenen elek- trischen Energiespeicher 4 , eine Ladeschnittstelle 3 zur Verbindung des elektrischen Energiespeichers mit zumindest einem Elektrofahrzeug, eine Steuereinheit 5 und eine Kommunikationseinheit 6.The charging station for electric vehicles according to FIG. 1 comprises a vertical axis wind generator 2, an electric motor connected to the wind generator. trischen energy storage 4, a charging interface 3 for connecting the electrical energy storage device with at least one electric vehicle, a control unit 5 and a communication unit. 6
Sie ist nach Art einer Litfaßsäule gestaltet, und kann neben ihrer Hauptfunktion als Ladestation und der Energieerzeugung auch als Plakatsäule und Energiespeicher dienen.It is designed in the manner of a Litfaßsäule, and can serve in addition to their main function as a charging station and the power generation as a billboard column and energy storage.
Im oberen Bereich der als Säule 1 ausgebildeten Ladestation ist der Savonius-Rotor angebracht, der über eine vertikale Achse den Generator zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie antreibt.In the upper part of the charging station designed as a pillar 1, the Savonius rotor is mounted, which drives the generator for generating electrical energy via a vertical axis.
Damit wird eine kompakte Bauform der Ladestation ermöglicht .This enables a compact design of the charging station.
Im unteren Bereich 1 der Ladestation ist eine Lade- Schnittstelle 3 zur Verbindung des elektrischen Energiespeichers 4 mit zumindest einem Elektrofahrzeug vorgesehen.In the lower region 1 of the charging station is a charging interface 3 for connection of the electrical energy storage device 4 is provided with at least one electric vehicle.
Diese Ladeschnittstelle 3 weist Mittel zur Vergebüh- rung der bezogenen elektrischen Energie wie beipiels- weise ein Chipkartenlesegerät auf.This charging interface 3 has means for charging the related electrical energy, such as, for example, a chip card reader.
Zum Schutz der Benutzer der Ladestation 3 vor Regen und zur Absicherung des Rotors ist die Ladestation mit einem Dach 7 zwischen dem Windgenerator 2 und dem unteren Bereich 1 der Ladestation versehen.To protect the user of the charging station 3 from rain and to hedge the rotor, the charging station is provided with a roof 7 between the wind generator 2 and the lower portion 1 of the charging station.
Der erfindungsgemäße Einsatz eines vertikalen Windgenerators 2 insbesondere der Einsatz eines Savonius-Ro- tors ist mit einer Reihe von Vorteilen verbunden: -.Einfacher Aufbau und einfache Montage; -.Hohes Drehmoment bei relativ niederer Drehzahl; -.Unabhängig von der Windrichtung, keine Windausrich- tung erforderlich;The use according to the invention of a vertical wind generator 2, in particular the use of a Savonius rotor, has a number of advantages: -Simple construction and easy installation; -High torque at relatively low speed; Irrespective of the wind direction, no wind direction required;
-.Einsatz schon bei niedrigen Windgeschwindigkeiten ab (2-3 m/s) ;Use at low wind speeds (2-3 m / s);
-.Koppelung mehrerer Rotoren zu einer größeren Anlage möglich, sowohl im horizontalen als auch im vertikalen Verbund;Coupling several rotors into a larger system, both horizontally and vertically;
-.sturmsicher durch selbstständige Leistungsbegrenzung;-storm-safe by autonomous power limitation;
- Kaum wahrnehmbare Laufgeräusche;- hardly noticeable running noise;
- Hohe Toleranz gegen jede Turbulenz, die standortbe- dingt im Wind enthalten sein kann, und ohne spürbare- High tolerance against any turbulence, which may be contained in the wind due to location, and without noticeable
Wirkungsgradverluste bei abrupten Änderungen der An- strömungsrichtung;Efficiency losses with abrupt changes in the direction of flow;
- auch für böige Windverhältnisse gut geeignet;- well suited for gusty wind conditions;
- Im Gegensatz zu Rotoren mit horizontaler Drehachse, werden die Blattschaufeln des Savonius-Rotors auf ihrer vertikalen Drehachse von der Gravitation gleichmäßig belastet.- In contrast to rotors with a horizontal axis of rotation, the blade vanes of the Savonius rotor are evenly loaded on their vertical axis of rotation by gravity.
Der integrierte Energiespeicher 4 ermöglicht eine ef- fizientere Ausbeute bei niedrigen Windgeschwindigkeiten und dadurch eine Wirkungsgradsteigerung. Hierbei kann bereits eine langsame Drehgeschwindigkeit des Generators 2 den Energiespeicher 4 aufladen.The integrated energy storage 4 enables a more efficient yield at low wind speeds and thus an increase in efficiency. In this case, even a slow rotational speed of the generator 2 can charge the energy store 4.
Bei Einbindung in ein Stromnetz kann der Energiespeicher 4 vom Betreiber des Netzes im Sinne eines „smart grids", also eines intelligenten Stromnetzes, eingesetzt werden , d.h. er kann in Zeiten eines Energieüberschusses im Netz auch aus dem Netz geladen werden und seine Energie in Spitzenlastzeiten an das Netz abgeben.When integrated into a power grid, the energy storage 4 can be used by the operator of the network in the sense of a "smart grid", ie an intelligent power grid, ie it can also be charged from the grid in times of energy surplus in the grid and deliver its power to the grid during peak load periods.
In Ergänzung zu den bereits bekannten vehicle to grid (v2g) Lösungen, bei denen die Elektrofahrzeuge alsIn addition to the already familiar vehicle to grid (v2g) solutions, where the electric vehicles as
Energiespeicher dienen, ermöglicht die Erfindung daher eine column to grid (c2g) Lösung, die den Vorteil mit sich bringt, dass die verwendeten Energiespeicher 4 Eigentum des Versorgungsunternehmens sein können und daher ohne aufwendige Rechtskonstruktionen genutzt werden können.Serving energy storage, the invention therefore allows a column to grid (c2g) solution, which brings with it the advantage that the energy storage 4 used can be the property of the utility and therefore can be used without complex legal structures.
Der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation ist also auch dort zweckmäßig, wo die reine Nutzung zur BeIa- düng von Elektrofahrzeugen wegen der zu erwartenden geringen Nutzungsfrequenz durch diese Fahrzeuge nicht zu rechtfertigen wäre. Damit werden aber die Anreize zur Errichtung derartiger Stationen deutlich erhöht.The use of the charging station according to the invention is therefore also expedient where the pure use for the addition of electric vehicles would not be justifiable because of the expected low frequency of use by these vehicles. But this significantly increases the incentives to set up such stations.
Die „Multifunktionalität" der Ladestation erhöht also ihre Rentabilität und damit die Akzeptanz. Diese MuI- tifunktionalität der Anlage kann beispielsweise auch vorteilhaft dazu genutzt werden, dass die Ladestation in ein allgemeines Versorgungssystem integriert wird. So kann die Anlage beispielsweise mit Automaten zur Ausgabe von Lebensmitteln wie Getränken etc. ausgestattet sein.The "multifunctionality" of the charging station thus increases its profitability and thus its acceptance.This multi-functionality of the system can, for example, also be used to advantage in integrating the charging station into a general supply system, for example using machines for dispensing food be equipped like drinks etc.
Mittels der Steuereinheit 5 wird der Windgenerator 2 nach Art eines bei Solarzellen verwendeten MaximumBy means of the control unit 5, the wind generator 2 in the manner of a maximum used in solar cells
Power Point Trackers so betrieben, dass eine maximale Ausgangsleistung erzielt wird.Power Point Trackers operated so that a maximum output power is achieved.
Zusätzlich zur Regelung der Energiegewinnung werden von der Steuereinheit 5 auch sicherheitsrelevante Auf- gaben wie z.B. das Abschalten bei überhöhten Generatorspannungen in Folge von Sturmböen oder gegebenenfalls bei einer Vereisung des Rotors, sowie die Steuerung des Zusammenwirkens mit dem Stromnetz durchge- führt.In addition to regulating the generation of energy, the control unit 5 also stores safety-related information. Such as switching off at excessive generator voltages as a result of squalls or possibly when icing of the rotor, as well as the control of the interaction with the power grid carried out.
Um den aktuellen Zustand der Energiesäule bestimmen zu können, ist eine Kommunikationseinheit 6 als Diagnoseschnittstelle von Vorteil. Hierbei können beispiels- weise mittels Datenkommunikation über das Stromnetz oder aber über Mobilfunk der aktuelle Zustand des Energiespeichers 4, des Generators 2 und der Stromtankstelle abgefragt und auch Steuer- und Verrechnungsaufgaben ausgelöst werden.In order to be able to determine the current state of the energy column, a communication unit 6 as a diagnostic interface is advantageous. In this case, the current state of the energy store 4, of the generator 2 and of the charging station can be queried, for example, by means of data communication via the power network or else via mobile radio, and also control and charging tasks can be triggered.
Mit einer einzelnen Steuerzentrale können somit eine Vielzahl von Ladestationen zentral gesteuert und überwacht werden, ebenso können Servicedienste und Softwareupdates zentral gesteuert erfolgen.With a single control center thus a variety of charging stations can be centrally controlled and monitored, as well as services and software updates can be centrally controlled.
Die umfangreichen Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten können auch als Unterstützung eines Flottenmanagements für die geladenen Elektrofahrzeuge dienen. Damit kann die Verfügbarkeit dieser Fahrzeuge erhöht werden.The extensive communication options can also serve as support for fleet management for the charged electric vehicles. This can increase the availability of these vehicles.
In der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig.2 ist der im oberen Bereich der Ladestation angebrachte Savonius-Rotor, der über eine vertikale Achse den Generator zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie antreibt, von Leitblechen 8 ummantelt. Die Anordnung dieser Leitbleche 8 ist aus der Fig. 3 ersichtlich.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the Savonius rotor, which is mounted in the upper region of the charging station and which drives the generator for generating electrical energy via a vertical axis, is surrounded by baffles 8. The arrangement of these baffles 8 is shown in FIG. 3.
Durch die Anordnung der Leitbleche in geeigneter Weise wird das Anströmverhalten verbessert und dadurch die Effizienz des Savonius Rotors erhöht. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Leitbleche so gestaltet sind, dass ihr Anstellwinkel in Abhängigkeit von der Windgeschwindigkeit verändert werden kann.The arrangement of the baffles in a suitable manner, the flow behavior is improved, thereby increasing the efficiency of the Savonius rotor. It is particularly advantageous if the baffles are designed so that their angle of attack can be changed depending on the wind speed.
Damit wird eine weitere Verbesserung der Aerodynamik und eine Steigerung der Effizienz erreicht.This achieves a further improvement in aerodynamics and an increase in efficiency.
Weiterhin bieten die Leitbleche durch ihre Anordnung Schutz vor Spritzwasser und anderen Gefahren, die von den - beweglichen - Rotorblättern des Savonius Rotors ausgehen, wie beispielsweise bei Vereisung oder auch von Fremdkörpern, die bei aufkommendem Wind von einem beschleunigenden Rotor weggeschleudert werden könnten.Furthermore, the baffles by their arrangement provide protection against water spray and other hazards that emanate from the - movable - rotor blades of the Savonius rotor, such as icing or foreign bodies that could be thrown in the oncoming wind of an accelerating rotor.
Weiterhin verdecken die Leitbleche die drehenden Teile des Rotors weitgehend und lassen diesen damit wie ein unbewegliches Gebäudeteil (Litfaßsäule) erscheinen.Furthermore, the baffles cover the rotating parts of the rotor largely and let it appear as a immovable part of the building (Litfaßsäule).
Darüber hinaus können sie mit Photovoltaik Modulen zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom auf der Außenseite ergänzt werden können und damit die Gesamteffizienz des Systems erhöhen.In addition, they can be supplemented with photovoltaic modules to generate electricity on the outside and thus increase the overall efficiency of the system.
Eine energetisch optimale Anordnung von Rotor und Leitble- chen wird dann erreicht, wenn die Windenergie hinter der Anlage um etwa 50% reduziert ist.An energetically optimal arrangement of rotor and guide plates is achieved when the wind energy behind the system is reduced by about 50%.
Damit ist der Nebeneffekt verbunden, dass die Windsituation hinter der Turbine als wesentlich angenehmer empfunden wird und die erfindungsgemäße Ladestation beispielsweise in verbautem Gebiet mit kritischen Windverhältnissen (Hochhausschluchten) auch als Windschutz eingesetzt werden kann.This has the side effect that the wind situation behind the turbine is perceived as much more pleasant and the charging station according to the invention, for example, in built-up area with critical wind conditions (high-rise canyons) can also be used as a windbreak.
Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Ladestation mit Sicher- heitseinrichtungen wie z.B. Erschütterungsmeldern und Videoüberwachung ausgestattet ist und alle Unregelmäßigkeiten über die Koitununikationseinheit automatisch an eine Überwachungszentrale gemeldet werden. It is advantageous if the charging station is equipped with security devices such as vibration detectors and video surveillance and all irregularities be reported via the Koitununikationseinheit automatically to a monitoring center.
Bezugszeichenliste :List of reference numbers:
1 Säule 2 Windgenerator1 pillar 2 wind generator
3 Ladeschnittstelle3 charging interface
4 Energiespeicher4 energy storage
5 Steuereinheit5 control unit
6 Kommunikationseinheit 7 Dach6 communication unit 7 roof
8 Leitbleche 8 baffles

Claims

Patentansprüche Patent claims
1) Ladestation für Elektrofahrzeuge, wobei die Ladestation zumindest einen Windgenerator mit vertikaler Achse (2), einen mit dem Windgenerator verbundenen elektrischen Energiespeicher (4), eine Ladeschnittstelle (3) zur Verbindung des elektrischen Energiespeichers (4) mit zumindest einem Elektrofahrzeug, eine Steuereinheit (5) und eine Kommunikationsein- heit (6) umfasst, .dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ladestation annähernd die Form einer Säule (1) aufweist, in deren oberen Bereich der Windgenerator (2) angeordnet ist.1) Charging station for electric vehicles, wherein the charging station has at least one wind generator with a vertical axis (2), an electrical energy store (4) connected to the wind generator, a charging interface (3) for connecting the electrical energy store (4) to at least one electric vehicle, a control unit (5) and a communication unit (6), characterized in that the charging station has approximately the shape of a column (1), in the upper region of which the wind generator (2) is arranged.
2) Ladestation nach Anspruch 1,. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Windgenerator (2) einen Savonius-Rotor umfasst .2) Charging station according to claim 1. characterized in that the wind generator (2) comprises a Savonius rotor.
3) Ladestation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,. durch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotor des Windgenerators3) Charging station according to one of claims 1 or 2. characterized by that the rotor of the wind generator
(2) von Leitblechen (8) ummantelt ist.(2) is covered by baffles (8).
4) Ladestation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, .dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitbleche (8) so gestaltet sind, dass ihr Anstellwinkel in Abhängigkeit von der Windgeschwindigkeit verändert werden kann4) Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the baffles (8) are designed so that their angle of attack can be changed depending on the wind speed
5) Ladestation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (5) Mittel zur Regelung des Windgenerators (2) und der Leitbleche (8) auf eine maximale Ausgangsleistung umfasst.5) Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the control unit (5) comprises means for regulating the wind generator (2) and the baffles (8) to a maximum output power.
6) Ladestation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,. durch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ladestation an ein Strom- netz angeschlossen ist, um als Teil eines „smart grid" zu fungieren.6) Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 5. characterized in that the charging station is connected to a power source connected to the grid to function as part of a “smart grid”.
7) Ladestation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,. durch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ladestation an ein Flottenmanagementsystem für Elektrofahrzeuge angeschlossen ist. 7) Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 6. characterized in that the charging station is connected to a fleet management system for electric vehicles.
PCT/EP2010/002372 2009-04-20 2010-04-19 Charging station for electric vehicles WO2010121764A2 (en)

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AT0024209U AT11326U1 (en) 2009-04-20 2009-04-20 CHARGING STATION FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

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