WO2010086472A1 - Wind turbine blade - Google Patents

Wind turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010086472A1
WO2010086472A1 PCT/ES2010/000013 ES2010000013W WO2010086472A1 WO 2010086472 A1 WO2010086472 A1 WO 2010086472A1 ES 2010000013 W ES2010000013 W ES 2010000013W WO 2010086472 A1 WO2010086472 A1 WO 2010086472A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sections
section
wind
blades
turbine blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2010/000013
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfonso Cobos De La Fuente
Original Assignee
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
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Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Politécnica de Madrid filed Critical Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Publication of WO2010086472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010086472A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0244—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/202—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid
    • F05B2240/2021—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid by means of telescoping blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine blade that has an aerodynamic section.
  • the blade has a number of retractable sections selected between two and three, being configured to take a deployment position based on: the available wind energy; the benefits required at all times.
  • FR2500076-A shows a series of pneumatic cylinders to regulate the wind exposure of a set of concave sheets.
  • DE19526718-A1 presents a series of pivoted curved blades between two horizontal axis diameters.
  • DE102004022730 presents a wind turbine with three blades formed each by two sections giving a variable diameter.
  • US2003230898 and PCT / US03 / 17654 show an internal system of tracks for movement of the section movable by pulleys or worm with electric drive.
  • EP95922780.2 deals with a double turbine with different radii.
  • the present invention describes a blade formed by two or more retractable sections that is joined to a bushing in solidarity or, less frequently, by a change-over mechanism.
  • the aeroturbine with the recommended retractable blades has each of its blades of aerodynamic section and composed of different sections, of equal or different length, which are retracted or extended giving a variable total radius of the capture surface, which represents a characteristic useful for when the energy captured by the wind exceeds the nominal value of the installed equipment, in which case the sections are retracted until equilibrium is achieved and vice versa.
  • the sections are designed in the form of a double shell leaving an inner hole.
  • the first section will structurally resist and produce its corresponding bearing force, except for excessive wind speeds that will release the boundary layer causing aerodynamic braking.
  • In its inner hollow it will house the second section with its necessary torsion angle plus the appropriate retraction and extension mechanisms.
  • the second section must accommodate the third, if any, with its mechanisms and so on until the last section that, logically, will not accommodate any other but mechanisms of displacement.
  • the interior housing of the first section is constructed with a free section that corresponds to the maximum of the next section hosted, plus a small clearance.
  • the second section is constructed with an initial area whose outer section will be maximum and uniform, of sufficient length to fit in its housing of the previous section, with perfect alignment when fully extended, and the rest of the section can reduce its width or rope according to the most favorable design. This reduction of dimensions, when the mobile section is partially extended, can produce elastic displacements that will be compensated by rollers and skates driven by springs or pneumatic mini cylinders.
  • the non-terminal sections bear at their end an important effort, especially when the rest of the sections are fully extended, and must be reinforced with rings of resistant materials.
  • the housings will be provided with rolling devices such as balls with bearings and at the end a scraper joint will be placed.
  • This invention establishes for each blade formed by two sections, a preferred development based on a double acting hydraulic cylinder. Equality in the radius of the blades is achieved through a flow divider that accesses the cylinders, which, in addition, have various detectors distributed in length that will allow a check on the position of the piston in its displacements, ensuring the dynamic balance of all the blades that make up the turbine.
  • Each cylinder is placed at its base articulated to the first section and also its piston articulated at the end of the second mobile section, thus supporting only axial efforts, the tangentials being resolved by the adjustment between the surface of the hole and the initial zone of the section mobile, as indicated above.
  • the aerodynamic hub cover houses various elements, such as pneumatic or oleohydraulic circuits, with their valves, control and command system, flow dividers for equal distribution by wing and other auxiliary equipment.
  • Figures 1, 1A correspond to an air turbine, of retractable blades in pneumatic execution with two stretches in extended position.
  • the cylinder, 21, in charge of the movement of the mobile section 22, with its piston position detectors 23 is shown.
  • the detail given in Figure 1A corresponds to a section of the end of the first section with the metal reinforcement elements, 24, the balls with bearings, 25, the scraper joint, 26, and the compensation rollers for non-radial stresses, 27.
  • Figure 2 shows an air turbine, with retractable blades in pneumatic execution with three sections, one of them in an extended position.
  • the blades are joined to the central axis, 32, by means of a hub, 33, with its aerodynamic cover, 34.
  • the detail of Figure 2A shows the way of moving the mobile sections, by means of a bidirectional motor with reducer and encoder, 36, the corresponding worm screw, 37, and its ball holder, 38 that carries the corresponding movable section, 35.
  • the retractable blades are normally composed of two or three sections, according to the nominal power of the turbine.
  • the first section is of greater section and is designed with aerodynamic entry in loss for hurricane winds, so it can be attached directly to the hub, 33, without blade rotation mechanisms, giving greater simplicity and solidity to the whole.
  • the sections are constructed as a double shell, leaving the hollow interior to accommodate the following sections and / or the movement mechanisms.
  • the mobile sections, 22 and 35 exert important stresses on their housings that can be broken down into their three components: a radial one, another tangential one, more normal to the area of rotation of the aeroturbine. The last two components will be compensated by adjusting the dimensions, so that the free section of the inner hole will be equal to the maximum of the next section, plus a small clearance.
  • the mobile sections are constructed with an initial area whose outer section will be uniform and maximum, corresponding to the dimensions of its housing and of sufficient length to facilitate the perfect alignment of the section when it is fully extended.
  • the rest of the mobile section reduces its width or rope according to the most favorable design. This reduction in width, when the mobile section is partially extended, can produce unwanted displacements in a tangential and normal direction, which will be compensated by rollers and skates driven by springs or mini cylinders, 27.
  • the radial components will be compensated by the linear movement device, which also fixes the movable sections in the desired position.
  • the extension and retraction of the mobile section, 22, will be carried out by a double-acting cylinder articulated in its ends, 21, with position detectors, 23, to check the plunger situation and achieve the dynamic balance of the set of blades in its rotation.
  • the method with two cylinders can be repeated as described above, but it is preferable for space reduction the use of a bidirectional motor with reducer, 36, provided with its corresponding spindle, 37, and ball support , 38, in solidarity with the mobile section, 35. Depending on the direction of rotation of said spindle, the mobile section will enter or exit the previous one.
  • the position control is carried out by means of a flow divider and the aforementioned encoder that will be connected to a programmable automaton which, in turn, is guided by the supervisory computer system.
  • the fluid for the cylinder or the engine can be air at the gondola pressure, but to make a more exact fixation of the sections, hydraulic oil pumped with the compressed air that reaches the turbot is recommended.
  • An aerodynamic cover 34 is placed on the hub 33 with its coupling mechanisms, and the hollow shaft 32 through which the pneumatic circuit in charge of the movement of the mobile sections, either directly or by oleohydraulic pumping, penetrates into the rotating area of the aeroturbine. and the necessary voltage and communications cables.
  • the shaft with a bearing housing transmits the torque produced in the turbine to the gondola.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wind turbine blade which has an aerodynamic cross section. The blade has a number of retractable sections chosen from two or three in number, being configured so as to assume a folded-out position depending on: the wind energy available; the performance features required at any moment.

Description

PALA PARA AEROGENERADORES SHOVEL FOR AIRBRUSHERS
Campo de Ia invenciónField of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a una pala para aerogeneradores que tiene sección aerodinámica. La pala tiene un número de tramos retráctiles seleccionados entre dos y tres, estando configurados para tomar una posición de despliegue en función de: Ia energía del viento disponible; las prestaciones requeridas en cada momento.The present invention relates to a wind turbine blade that has an aerodynamic section. The blade has a number of retractable sections selected between two and three, being configured to take a deployment position based on: the available wind energy; the benefits required at all times.
Antecedentes de Ia invenciónBackground of the invention
El agotamiento progresivo de los llamados combustibles fósiles ha originado Ia búsqueda de cualquier otro recurso ostensible de producir energía. En nuestra atmósfera se originan naturalmente grandes movimientos de aire, cuya energía cinética puede ser captada por aeroturbinas y transformada en otras formas de energía. Antiguamente Ia navegación a vela y los persas utilizaron los primeros molinos de viento (600 a.C). Posteriormente también Ia fuerza eólica se utilizó en los típicos molinos de grano manchegos o en las bombas de agua holandesas.The progressive depletion of so-called fossil fuels has led to the search for any other ostensible resource to produce energy. In our atmosphere naturally large air movements originate, whose kinetic energy can be captured by turbines and transformed into other forms of energy. Formerly sailing and the Persians used the first windmills (600 BC). Subsequently, the wind power was also used in the typical Manchego grain mills or in the Dutch water pumps.
Actualmente el uso más frecuente de las aeroturbinas está en los aerogeneradores eléctricos, que se instalan agrupados formando parques eólicos. Sin embargo, no es esta Ia única aplicación y son muy diversas las formas mediante las cuales hoy se pretende utilizar Ia fuerza del viento y múltiples las patentes que protegen los conocimientos técnicos alcanzados hasta Ia fecha.Currently the most frequent use of wind turbines is in electric wind turbines, which are installed grouped together forming wind farms. However, this is not the only application and the ways in which today it is intended to use the force of the wind and multiple patents that protect the technical knowledge achieved to date are very diverse.
FR2500076-A muestra una serie de cilindros neumáticos para regular Ia exposición al viento de un conjunto de hojas cóncavas. DE19526718-A1 presenta entre dos diámetros de eje horizontal una serie de hojas curvadas pivotantes. DE102004022730 presenta un aerogenerador de tres palas formadas cada una por dos tramos dando un diámetro variable. US2003230898 y PCT/US03/17654, muestran un sistema interno de pistas para el movimiento del tramo desplazable mediante poleas o tornillo sin fin con accionamiento eléctrico. EP95922780.2 trata de una aeroturbina doble con radios diferentes.FR2500076-A shows a series of pneumatic cylinders to regulate the wind exposure of a set of concave sheets. DE19526718-A1 presents a series of pivoted curved blades between two horizontal axis diameters. DE102004022730 presents a wind turbine with three blades formed each by two sections giving a variable diameter. US2003230898 and PCT / US03 / 17654, show an internal system of tracks for movement of the section movable by pulleys or worm with electric drive. EP95922780.2 deals with a double turbine with different radii.
Descripción de Ia invención La presente invención, describe una pala formada por dos o más tramos retráctiles que va unida a un buje solidariamente o, menos frecuentemente, mediante un mecanismo de cambio de paso.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention describes a blade formed by two or more retractable sections that is joined to a bushing in solidarity or, less frequently, by a change-over mechanism.
La aeroturbina con las palas retráctiles preconizadas tiene cada una de sus palas de sección aerodinámica y compuestas por diversos tramos, de igual o diferente longitud, los cuales se retraen o extienden dando un radio total variable de Ia superficie de captación, Io cual representa una característica útil para cuando Ia energía captada al viento excede al valor nominal de los equipos instalados, en cuyo caso se retraen los tramos hasta lograr el equilibrio y viceversa. Se diseñan los tramos en forma de doble concha dejando un hueco interior. El primer tramo resistirá estructuralmente y producirá su fuerza de sustentación correspondiente, salvo para velocidades de viento excesivas que desprenderán Ia capa límite originando frenada aerodinámica. En su hueco interior alojará al segundo tramo con su ángulo de torsión necesario más los mecanismos de retracción y extensión adecuados. El segundo tramo debe alojar al tercero, si Io hubiera, con sus mecanismos y así sucesivamente hasta el último tramo que, lógicamente, no alojará ningún otro pero si mecanismos de desplazamiento.The aeroturbine with the recommended retractable blades has each of its blades of aerodynamic section and composed of different sections, of equal or different length, which are retracted or extended giving a variable total radius of the capture surface, which represents a characteristic useful for when the energy captured by the wind exceeds the nominal value of the installed equipment, in which case the sections are retracted until equilibrium is achieved and vice versa. The sections are designed in the form of a double shell leaving an inner hole. The first section will structurally resist and produce its corresponding bearing force, except for excessive wind speeds that will release the boundary layer causing aerodynamic braking. In its inner hollow it will house the second section with its necessary torsion angle plus the appropriate retraction and extension mechanisms. The second section must accommodate the third, if any, with its mechanisms and so on until the last section that, logically, will not accommodate any other but mechanisms of displacement.
El alojamiento interior del primer tramo se construye con una sección libre que corresponde con Ia máxima del tramo alojado siguiente, más una pequeña holgura. El segundo tramo se construye con una zona inicial cuya sección exterior será máxima y uniforme, de suficiente longitud para encajar en su alojamiento del tramo anterior, con perfecta alineación cuando está completamente extendido, y el resto del tramo puede reducir su anchura o cuerda según el diseño más favorable. Esta reducción de dimensiones, cuando el tramo móvil se halla parcialmente extendido, puede producir desplazamientos elásticos que serán compensados mediante rodillos y patines accionados por resortes o minicilindros neumáticos.The interior housing of the first section is constructed with a free section that corresponds to the maximum of the next section hosted, plus a small clearance. The second section is constructed with an initial area whose outer section will be maximum and uniform, of sufficient length to fit in its housing of the previous section, with perfect alignment when fully extended, and the rest of the section can reduce its width or rope according to the most favorable design. This reduction of dimensions, when the mobile section is partially extended, can produce elastic displacements that will be compensated by rollers and skates driven by springs or pneumatic mini cylinders.
Los tramos no terminales soportan en su extremo un esfuerzo importante, sobre todo cuando el resto de los tramos están completamente extendidos, debiendo reforzarse con anillos de materiales resistentes. Igualmente, para facilitar Ia entrada y salida de los tramos móviles, los alojamientos estarán dotados de dispositivos de rodadura tales como bolas con rodamientos y al final se colocará una junta rascadora.The non-terminal sections bear at their end an important effort, especially when the rest of the sections are fully extended, and must be reinforced with rings of resistant materials. Likewise, to facilitate the entry and exit of the mobile sections, the housings will be provided with rolling devices such as balls with bearings and at the end a scraper joint will be placed.
La técnica hoy ofrece diversas soluciones para implementar los mecanismos lineales de retracción y extensión de los tramos móviles. Esta invención, establece para cada pala formada por dos tramos, un desarrollo preferente a base de un cilindro hidráulico de doble efecto. La igualdad en el radio de las palas se logra mediante un divisor del flujo que accede a los cilindros, los cuales, además, poseen diversos detectores repartidos en longitud que permitirán un chequeo sobre Ia posición del émbolo en sus desplazamientos, asegurándose el equilibrio dinámico de todas las palas que componen Ia aeroturbina. Cada cilindro se coloca en su base articulado al primer tramo e igualmente articulado su émbolo en el final del segundo tramo móvil, así soportará sólo esfuerzos axiales, quedando los tangenciales resueltos por el ajuste entre Ia superficie del hueco y Ia de Ia zona inicial del tramo móvil, como se ha indicado anteriormente.The technique today offers several solutions to implement the linear mechanisms of retraction and extension of the mobile sections. This invention establishes for each blade formed by two sections, a preferred development based on a double acting hydraulic cylinder. Equality in the radius of the blades is achieved through a flow divider that accesses the cylinders, which, in addition, have various detectors distributed in length that will allow a check on the position of the piston in its displacements, ensuring the dynamic balance of all the blades that make up the turbine. Each cylinder is placed at its base articulated to the first section and also its piston articulated at the end of the second mobile section, thus supporting only axial efforts, the tangentials being resolved by the adjustment between the surface of the hole and the initial zone of the section mobile, as indicated above.
Otro desarrollo preferente de Ia invención, para producir el movimiento de palas con más de dos tramos móviles, se realiza mediante motores neumáticos provisto de reductor y el correspondiente husillo con rodillo a bolas que arrastra el tramo siguiente cuya posición se chequea mediante un encoder sobre el eje. Los motores estarán articulados en su base como se indicó en Ia anterior realización de Ia invención para que el sistema soporte sólo esfuerzos axiales. En cualquier caso Ia posición de los tramos extensibles estará fijada y determinada por el sistema de mando informático de Ia aeroturbina, en función de las prestaciones requeridas en cada momento y de Ia energía producida por el viento reinante. Sin embargo, como nos hemos referido a un fluido compresible, el aire, Ia posición de los tramos no quedará tan fija como cuando se utiliza un fluido incompresible, aceite hidráulico, por esta razón Ia configuración oleohidráulica de las aeroturbinas es otra de opciones posibles en Ia invención.Another preferred development of the invention, to produce the movement of blades with more than two mobile sections, is carried out by means of pneumatic motors provided with a reducer and the corresponding spindle with ball roller that drags the next section whose position is checked by means of an encoder on the axis. The motors will be articulated at their base as indicated in the previous embodiment of the invention so that the system supports only axial forces. In any case, the position of the extensible sections will be fixed and determined by the computer control system of the aeroturbine, depending on the performance required at all times and the energy produced by the prevailing wind. However, as we have referred to a compressible fluid, the air, the position of the sections will not be as fixed as when using an incompressible fluid, hydraulic oil, for this reason the oleohydraulic configuration of the turbines is another possible option in The invention
La cubierta aerodinámica del buje aloja diversos elementos, como los circuitos neumáticos u oleohidráulicos, con sus válvulas, sistema de control y mando, los divisores de flujo para su distribución igualitaria por ala y otros equipos auxiliares.The aerodynamic hub cover houses various elements, such as pneumatic or oleohydraulic circuits, with their valves, control and command system, flow dividers for equal distribution by wing and other auxiliary equipment.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
Las Figuras 1 , 1A corresponden a una aeroturbina, de palas retráctiles en ejecución neumática con dos tramos en posición extendida. Se muestra el cilindro, 21 , encargado del desplazamiento del tramo móvil 22, con sus detectores de posición 23 del émbolo. El detalle dado en Ia Figura 1A corresponde a una sección del final del primer tramo con los elementos de refuerzo metálico, 24, las bolas con rodamientos, 25, Ia junta rascadora, 26, y los rodillos de compensación para esfuerzos no radiales, 27.Figures 1, 1A correspond to an air turbine, of retractable blades in pneumatic execution with two stretches in extended position. The cylinder, 21, in charge of the movement of the mobile section 22, with its piston position detectors 23 is shown. The detail given in Figure 1A corresponds to a section of the end of the first section with the metal reinforcement elements, 24, the balls with bearings, 25, the scraper joint, 26, and the compensation rollers for non-radial stresses, 27.
La Figura 2 muestra una aeroturbina, de palas retráctiles en ejecución neumática con tres tramos, una de ellas en posición extendida. Las palas se unen al eje central, 32, mediante un buje, 33, con su tapa aerodinámica, 34. El detalle de Ia Figura 2A muestra Ia forma de desplazamiento de los tramos móviles, mediante un motor bidireccional con reductor y encoder, 36, el correspondiente tornillo sin fin, 37, y su soporte a bolas, 38 que arrastra el correspondiente tramo móvil, 35.Figure 2 shows an air turbine, with retractable blades in pneumatic execution with three sections, one of them in an extended position. The blades are joined to the central axis, 32, by means of a hub, 33, with its aerodynamic cover, 34. The detail of Figure 2A shows the way of moving the mobile sections, by means of a bidirectional motor with reducer and encoder, 36, the corresponding worm screw, 37, and its ball holder, 38 that carries the corresponding movable section, 35.
Descripción de una realización preferida de Ia invención A continuación se hace una descripción completa de una realización preferente, Ia cual se hará a título de ejemplo, con carácter no limitativo y susceptible de todas aquellas modificaciones de detalle que no alteren fundamentalmente sus características esenciales.Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention The following is a complete description of a preferred embodiment, which will be done by way of example, with a non-limiting nature and susceptible to all those modifications of detail that do not fundamentally alter its essential characteristics.
Las palas de tipo retráctil están normalmente compuestas por dos o tres tramos, según Ia potencia nominal de Ia aeroturbina. El primer tramo es de mayor sección y se diseña con entrada aerodinámica en pérdida para vientos huracanados, por Io que puede unirse directamente al buje, 33, sin mecanismos de giro de pala, dándole mayor sencillez y solidez al conjunto. Los tramos se construyen como una doble concha, dejando el interior hueco para el alojamiento de los tramos siguientes y/o los mecanismos de desplazamiento.The retractable blades are normally composed of two or three sections, according to the nominal power of the turbine. The first section is of greater section and is designed with aerodynamic entry in loss for hurricane winds, so it can be attached directly to the hub, 33, without blade rotation mechanisms, giving greater simplicity and solidity to the whole. The sections are constructed as a double shell, leaving the hollow interior to accommodate the following sections and / or the movement mechanisms.
Los tramos móviles, 22 y 35, ejercen sobre sus alojamientos unos esfuerzos importantes que pueden descomponerse en sus tres componentes: una radial, otra tangencial, más Ia normal al área de giro de Ia aeroturbina. Las dos componentes últimas serán compensadas mediante ajuste en las dimensiones, así Ia sección libre del hueco interior será igual a Ia máxima del tramo siguiente, más una pequeña holgura. Los tramos móviles se construyen con una zona inicial cuya sección exterior será uniforme y máxima, correspondiendo con las dimensiones de su alojamiento y de suficiente longitud para facilitar Ia perfecta alineación del tramo cuando está completamente extendido. El resto del tramo móvil reduce su anchura o cuerda según el diseño más favorable. Esta reducción de anchura, cuando el tramo móvil se halla parcialmente extendido, puede producir desplazamientos no deseados en dirección tangencial y normal, los cuales serán compensados por rodillos y patines accionados mediante resortes o minicilindros, 27.The mobile sections, 22 and 35, exert important stresses on their housings that can be broken down into their three components: a radial one, another tangential one, more normal to the area of rotation of the aeroturbine. The last two components will be compensated by adjusting the dimensions, so that the free section of the inner hole will be equal to the maximum of the next section, plus a small clearance. The mobile sections are constructed with an initial area whose outer section will be uniform and maximum, corresponding to the dimensions of its housing and of sufficient length to facilitate the perfect alignment of the section when it is fully extended. The rest of the mobile section reduces its width or rope according to the most favorable design. This reduction in width, when the mobile section is partially extended, can produce unwanted displacements in a tangential and normal direction, which will be compensated by rollers and skates driven by springs or mini cylinders, 27.
Las componentes radiales serán compensadas por el dispositivo de movimiento lineal, que además fija los tramos móviles en Ia posición deseada.The radial components will be compensated by the linear movement device, which also fixes the movable sections in the desired position.
Cuando se trate de palas de dos tramos Ia extensión y retracción del tramo móvil, 22, se efectuará por un cilindro de doble efecto articulado en sus extremos, 21 , con detectores de posición, 23, para chequear Ia situación del émbolo y lograr el equilibrio dinámico del conjunto de palas en su giro. Cuando se utilicen palas de tres tramos puede repetirse el método con dos cilindros como se ha descrito anteriormente, pero es preferible por reducción de espacio el uso de un motor bidireccional con reductor, 36, provisto de su correspondiente husillo, 37, y soporte a bolas, 38, solidario al tramo móvil, 35. Dependiendo del sentido de giro de dicho husillo el tramo móvil entrará o saldrá del anterior. El control de posición se lleva a cabo mediante un divisor de flujo y el encoder citado que estará conectado a un autómata programable que, a su vez, está guiado por el sistema informático supervisor. El fluido para el cilindro o el motor puede ser aire a Ia presión de góndola, pero para realizar una fijación más exacta de los tramos se recomienda aceite hidráulico bombeado con el aire comprimido que llega a Ia aeroturbina.In the case of two-section blades, the extension and retraction of the mobile section, 22, will be carried out by a double-acting cylinder articulated in its ends, 21, with position detectors, 23, to check the plunger situation and achieve the dynamic balance of the set of blades in its rotation. When using three-section blades, the method with two cylinders can be repeated as described above, but it is preferable for space reduction the use of a bidirectional motor with reducer, 36, provided with its corresponding spindle, 37, and ball support , 38, in solidarity with the mobile section, 35. Depending on the direction of rotation of said spindle, the mobile section will enter or exit the previous one. The position control is carried out by means of a flow divider and the aforementioned encoder that will be connected to a programmable automaton which, in turn, is guided by the supervisory computer system. The fluid for the cylinder or the engine can be air at the gondola pressure, but to make a more exact fixation of the sections, hydraulic oil pumped with the compressed air that reaches the turbot is recommended.
Para minimizar el efecto de los esfuerzos en el extremo de los tramos no finales se refuerzan con anillos de materiales resistentes 24. Para facilitar el desplazamiento de los tramos móviles Ia superficie interior de los alojamientos se colocan bolas a rodamiento 25. La limpieza del tramo que se retrae se efectúa mediante una junta rascadora 26, que también se utilizará para tapar huecos entre tramos. El último tramo es simple y puede llevar en su extremo aletas contra turbulencia (winglets).To minimize the effect of the stresses at the end of the non-final sections, they are reinforced with rings of resistant materials 24. To facilitate the movement of the movable sections, the inner surface of the housings are placed with rolling balls 25. The cleaning of the section that Retracting is done by a scraper joint 26, which will also be used to cover gaps between sections. The last section is simple and can have at its end fins against turbulence (winglets).
Una tapa aerodinámica 34 se coloca sobre el buje 33 con sus mecanismos de acoplamiento, y el eje hueco 32 por el cual penetran en Ia zona giratoria de Ia aeroturbina el circuito neumático encargado del desplazamiento de los tramos móviles, bien directamente o mediante bombeo oleohidráulico, y los cables de tensión y comunicaciones necesarios. El eje con una caja de rodamientos transmite el par producido en Ia aeroturbina a Ia góndola. An aerodynamic cover 34 is placed on the hub 33 with its coupling mechanisms, and the hollow shaft 32 through which the pneumatic circuit in charge of the movement of the mobile sections, either directly or by oleohydraulic pumping, penetrates into the rotating area of the aeroturbine. and the necessary voltage and communications cables. The shaft with a bearing housing transmits the torque produced in the turbine to the gondola.

Claims

RE1VINDICACIONES RE1VINDICATIONS
1. Pala para aerogeneradores caracterizada porque: 1a) tiene sección aerodinámica; 1b) comprende un número de tramos retráctiles seleccionados entre dos y tres, estando configurados para tomar una posición de despliegue en función de:1. Wind turbine blade characterized in that: 1a) it has an aerodynamic section; 1b) comprises a number of retractable sections selected between two and three, being configured to take a deployment position based on:
1b1) Ia energía del viento disponible; 1b2) las prestaciones requeridas en cada momento.1b1) the available wind energy; 1b2) the benefits required at all times.
2. Pala para aerogeneradores según Ia reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque los tramos tienen:2. Blade for wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections have:
2a) doble concha;2a) double shell;
2b) un hueco interior; 2b1) de sección uniforme correspondiente a Ia zona inicial del tramo alojado a continuación, configurado para que los tramos móviles encajen unos en otros cuando son desplazados;2b) an inner hole; 2b1) of uniform section corresponding to the initial zone of the section housed below, configured so that the movable sections fit into each other when they are displaced;
2b2) que comprende una pluralidad de bolas plásticas (25) y rodillos con rodamientos (27), incrustados en Ia superficie de alojamiento para facilitar un deslizamiento de unos tramos con otros.2b2) comprising a plurality of plastic balls (25) and rollers with bearings (27), embedded in the housing surface to facilitate sliding of some sections with others.
3. Pala para aerogeneradores según Ia reivindicación 3, caracterizada porque tiene dos tramos y comprende:3. Blade for wind turbines according to claim 3, characterized in that it has two sections and comprises:
3a) un cilindro (21) de doble efecto articulado en sus extremos para deslizar el tramo móvil (22);3a) a double-acting cylinder (21) articulated at its ends to slide the mobile section (22);
3b) un mecanismo divisor de flujo situado en el circuito de alimentación oleohidráulico/neumático;3b) a flow divider mechanism located in the oil / hydraulic feed circuit;
3c) una pluralidad de detectores (23) de posición situados a Io largo del cilindro para detectar Ia posición del émbolo; configurados para que las palas de una aeroturbina tengan un mismo radio y para equilibrar dinámicamente Ia aeroturbina. 3c) a plurality of position detectors (23) located along the cylinder to detect the position of the plunger; configured so that the blades of an aeroturbine have the same radius and to dynamically balance the aeroturbine.
4. Pala para aerogeneradores según Ia reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque tiene tres tramos y comprende:4. Wind turbine blade according to claim 2, characterized in that it has three sections and comprises:
4a) motores bidireccionales (36) oleohidráulicos/neumáticos articulados y provistos de reductora, configurados para actuar sobre husillos con sendos soportes (38) a bolas solidarios al correspondiente tramo móvil, para desplazar los dos tramos móviles;4a) bidirectional motors (36) articulated oleohydraulic / pneumatic and equipped with gearbox, configured to act on spindles with two supports (38) to balls integral to the corresponding mobile section, to move the two mobile sections;
4b) un mecanismo divisor de flujo en un circuito seleccionado entre oleohidráulico y neumático;4b) a flow dividing mechanism in a circuit selected between oleohydraulic and pneumatic;
4c) un encoder para detectar una posición de cada tramo; configurados para equilibrar dinámicamente las palas de una aeroturbina.4c) an encoder to detect a position of each section; configured to dynamically balance the blades of an air turbine.
5. Pala para aerogeneradores según Ia reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque los tramos no finales comprenden en sus extremos:5. Wind turbine blade according to claim 4, characterized in that the non-final sections comprise at its ends:
5a) anillos (24) de materiales resistentes; 5b) una junta rascadora (26) de limpieza y cierre para los tramos retráctiles; 5c) medios de compensación (27) de desplazamientos no favorables seleccionados entre rodillos y patines; 5d) medios de deslizamiento que comprenden bolas (25) con rodamientos.5a) rings (24) of resistant materials; 5b) a scraper seal (26) for cleaning and closing the retractable sections; 5c) compensation means (27) of unfavorable displacements selected between rollers and skates; 5d) sliding means comprising balls (25) with bearings.
6. Pala para aerogeneradores según Ia reivindicación 5, caracterizada porque6. Blade for wind turbines according to claim 5, characterized in that
Ia unión a un buje (33) está seleccionada entre:The connection to a bushing (33) is selected from:
6a) unión directa, estando el primer tramo diseñado con freno aerodinámico ante vientos huracanados;6a) direct connection, the first section being designed with an aerodynamic brake before hurricane winds;
6b) mediante mecanismos de cambio del ángulo de paso hasta Ia entrada en bandera de las palas.6b) by mechanisms of change of the angle of passage until the entry in flag of the blades.
7. Pala para aerogeneradores según Ia reivindicación 6, caracterizada porque: 7a) está unidas equilibradamente al buje (33);7. Wind turbine blade according to claim 6, characterized in that: 7a) is balancedly connected to the hub (33);
7b) el buje (33) comprende una tapa (34) aerodinámica para dirigir el viento de esta zona y proteger los mecanismos instalados en esta zona; 7c) a continuación del buje (33) hay un eje (32) hueco que tiene rodamientos, configurado para transmitir el par de giro al interior de una góndola. 7b) the hub (33) comprises an aerodynamic cover (34) for directing the wind in this area and protecting the mechanisms installed in this area; 7c) following the hub (33) there is a hollow shaft (32) that has bearings, configured to transmit the torque within a gondola.
PCT/ES2010/000013 2009-01-27 2010-01-19 Wind turbine blade WO2010086472A1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

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CN104454376A (en) * 2013-09-22 2015-03-25 王智勇 Wind power generator blade with supporting device
WO2019205530A1 (en) * 2018-04-27 2019-10-31 山西省平遥减速器有限责任公司 Amplitude modulation type wind turbine
WO2023117014A1 (en) * 2021-12-22 2023-06-29 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Transport or storage arrangement of a split wind turbine blade
US11885293B2 (en) 2021-04-12 2024-01-30 Lm Wind Power A/S Extendable wind turbine blade

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US20030223868A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-04 Dawson Mark H. Telescoping wind turbine blade
WO2005017351A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-24 General Electric Company Variable diameter rotor
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DE4428731A1 (en) * 1994-08-15 1996-02-22 Infan Gmbh Ingenieurgesellscha Variable length rotor blade for wind power systems
ES2282475T3 (en) * 2001-10-25 2007-10-16 Clipper Windpower Technology, Inc. ROTOR WITH EXTENSIBLE BLADES AND ASSOCIATED CONTROL CRITERIA.
US20030223868A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-04 Dawson Mark H. Telescoping wind turbine blade
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104454376A (en) * 2013-09-22 2015-03-25 王智勇 Wind power generator blade with supporting device
WO2019205530A1 (en) * 2018-04-27 2019-10-31 山西省平遥减速器有限责任公司 Amplitude modulation type wind turbine
US11885293B2 (en) 2021-04-12 2024-01-30 Lm Wind Power A/S Extendable wind turbine blade
WO2023117014A1 (en) * 2021-12-22 2023-06-29 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Transport or storage arrangement of a split wind turbine blade

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