WO2008111922A2

WO2008111922A2 - Wind turbine mechanism strengthened by the magnus effect

Info

Publication number: WO2008111922A2
Application number: PCT/TR2008/000022
Authority: WO
Inventors: Siyar Mehmetoglu
Original assignee: Siyar Mehmetoglu
Priority date: 2007-03-14
Filing date: 2008-03-13
Publication date: 2008-09-18
Also published as: WO2008111922A3; TR200701584A2

Abstract

The invention being the subject of the patent is a mechanism, which, owing to the magnus effect of the cylindrical or conical rotors rotating in an axis perpendicular to the wind flow, enables an increase in the rotational moment formed by the wind turbine vanes placed on the same axis, and also enables the cylindrical or conical rotors to rotate in their own axes thanks to the wind turbine vanes, without the need for an auxiliary external energy.

Description

WIND TURBINE MECHANISM STRENGTHENED BY THE MAGNUS EFFECT

In all the applications where the magnus effect is used, the rotating cylindrical rotors or conical rotors that provide the effect receive the movement from the outside via some known constructions, the motor driven mechanism providing said movement definitely consumes energy and as a result, in cases where the field of use is the energy production, some of the energy used is consumed in driving the rotors.

Magnus effect is directly proportional to the square of the effective rotor diameters, rotor lengths, peripheral velocity and the wind velocity. In other words, the peripheral velocity, which is the most important parameter and must be controlled, is the most important parameter that dynamically constrains the construction.

The rotor constructions applied in different geometric shapes aim at increasing the gain efficiency for the energy that may be gained, and they also put emphasis on the operational safety of these components which rotate at high revolutions. For this reason, it is important for the structure of the rotors to be both light-weight and strong.

As the peripheral velocities of the rotors about their own axes increase, they lead to very important problems such as the vibration. Another important factor added on top of such problems is the resistance of the wind on the rotor. At high rotor revolutions, dynamic problems grow even further under the influence of this wind force.

Although it is important to provide the increase in the mechanical efficiency by supporting the rotors on the bearings with a very effective construction, the factors such as the surface quality of the rotors, their oscillation about their own axis, their type of rotation or cylindricity directly affect the Reynold's factor in the flow technique, turbulent flows lead to an increase in Reynold's number and therefore, to the formation of a fluid resistance on the rotors, as a result of which the consumed energy grows, while the magnus effect is reduced.

All the practices carried out with the Magnus effect until the present day have definitely envisaged the consumption of energy from an external energy source.

The wind turbines with leaf blade profile do not consume energy in any way, as a result of their function. Such constructions start rotating even by the smallest wind flows and generate a more or less amount of energy. In case the generated energy is electrical energy and the production is made for a 3-phase alternating current, the frequency of the alternating current must be compatible with the worldwide standards (50 Hz or 60 Hz). In order to perform production at such frequencies, the preliminary condition is that the revolution of the alternator forming this frequency must be constant, no matter what the consumption is.

Meanwhile, since the wind has varying velocity and for both reasons, it must be possible to automatically alter the angles of the leaf blades in the direction of the wind. Said angular variation is limited, due to the profile structure of the blades.

This control system, which is effective in a certain operation range with respect to angles, may not adapt to the environment at excessive wind velocities and excessive loads. Ability for the profile blades to rotate about their own axes is achieved by means of the same bearing system as applied for the rotation of the cylinders or cones that provide the magnus effect, about their own axes.

The most important difference between the two systems is that in the system providing the magnus effect, the rotors are continuously rotated and driven at high speed and the revolution of the rotors may be adjusted within a wider range between the minimum and maximum, in order to perform production at frequencies in compliance with the worldwide frequency standards, depending on the energy consumption and wind velocity.

Also, the necessity to make the blade lengths with excessive size in the turbines with profile blades must be considered as a disadvantage. The invention being the subject of the patent is a combination mechanism, which brings together all the advantages provided by the magnus effect and all the advantages provided by the known wind turbines with profile blades, enables the generation of a higher amount of power and the regulation of the power revolution in a much wider range thanks to the rotors with cylindrical or conical form able to be rotated at adjustable speeds, does not require the rotors forming the magnus effect to be separately driven in order to provide said features, and generates regular energy even at the lowest wind velocities.

Combination of the wind turbines having profile blades with the rotors forming the magnus effect allows this system to start rotating without the supply of energy even at the lowest wind velocities and enables the rotors to also start rotating about their own axes during said rotation, thereby allowing the system to speed up to reach effective revolutions required for energy generation. In addition, the profile angles of the profile blades do not need to be variable according to the wind velocity or the power requirement. In other words, in cases where the wind velocity is maximum the rotors have a minimum revolution, and in cases where the wind velocity is minimum the rotors have a maximum revolution. Linear mathematical data for the magnus effect shows the controllability of this system within a very wide range.

Three separate applications of the invention being the subject of the patent and the functions thereof are described below with reference to the figures. Figure 1 : The blade profile of the mechanism according to the invention, strengthened with Magnus effect

Figure 2: View of a cylinder as integrated to provide the magnus effect in the profile blade system of the mechanism according to the invention

Figure 3: Top view of the blade profile of the mechanism according to the invention, showing angular variation thereof based on the peripheral velocities

Figure 4: Schematic view of a different embodiment of the mechanism according to the invention

Figure 5: Schematic view of another different embodiment of the mechanism according to the invention Figure 6: Cross-sectional view of the drive and control system for the rotor of the mechanism according to the invention Referring to Figure 1 , the cylinder (1) forming the magnus effect, which is positioned at a suitable location inside Gδttingen profile (2-3), is rotated clockwise. Gottingen blade profile (2-3) axis is positioned at an angle of α inside the air flow (4). Normally, during the flow of air over a Gottingen profile (2-3), a lift force is formed in the direction of (5) due to the pressure difference Δp resulting from the differences in the velocity of the air flow (4). Said lift force grows further by providing an angle of α for Gottingen blade profile (2-3) against the direction of air flow (4). The cylinder (1) positioned at a suitable location inside the Gottingen front blade profile (2) and the rear blade profile (3), which forms the magnus effect and is rotated clockwise, reduces the air flow velocity on the lower blade surface and forms a (+) pressure, and increases the air flow velocity on the upper blade surface and leads to a decrease in the pressure; hence it forms a bigger Δp pressure differential between both surfaces of the blade profile and thus, the lift force of the blade grows very significantly. Because the blade angle (α) does not need to be very big for the same lift force, the turbulences are prevented in the end region of the blade. According to the invention being the subject of the patent, the blade angle is selected at an optimal fixed value for a constant velocity in the direction of (5). Referring to Figure 2, integration of the invention being the subject of the patent with a wind blade system and the supporting of the cylinder (1), which forms the magnus effect, within said blade (2-3) are described. Multiple front profile blades (2) and rear profile blades (3) are located along the periphery at a fixed position on the carrier rotating body (17) via the base bolts (20) (6). The carrier rotating body (17) is supported on the main body (18) by means of the known constructions not shown. The rotating head (15) connected to the rotating body (17) is connected with the main shaft (not shown in the figure) in a way that it will rotate a generator subsequent to the main body (18). The blade piece (19) that joins the blade front profile (2) and the blade rear profile (3) completes the geometry of the blade. On the rotor shaft (15) placed at a fixed location in each blade position along the periphery on the rotating body (17), the lower main bearing (14) and the upper bearing (12) are borne in the slots (11-13) inside the flanges (9-10) at both ends of the rotor (1) forming the magnus effect. The selected bearings (12-14) and their bearing construction are such that they will have the highest mechanical efficiency, exhibit as less gaps as possible and have the structure to best carry the radial and axial loads. The main shaft (25) at a fixed position, following the assembly of the rotor (1) on said main shaft (25), is fixed with the end piece (19) that completes the geometry of the blade. The air flow acting on said system is in the direction of (4).

Referring to Figure 3, the angular twist is described, which is formed by the fluid inlet-outlet velocity triangles of the blade according to the peripheral velocity (5) along the cylinder, around the rotor (1) placed between the front blade profile (2) and the rear blade profile (3) in the blade cylinder combination disclosed in Figure 2. Accordingly, the end blade piece (19) that completes the blade and also supports the main shaft (25) of the rotor (1) has the greatest twist angle (2) at the location of the biggest peripheral velocity (5). The blade profile angle is 1 on the plane where the blade is connected onto the rotating body (17) in Figure 2, and it is smaller than α2.

According to the most suitable layout in the structure of the wind turbine illustrated in Figure 4, the three cylinders (1) placed along the periphery forming the magnus effect on the inside are placed on the circle (22) supporting the rotor fixed bearing shafts (25), and a sufficient number of turbine blades (24) with fixed position are fixedly placed with a proper length via the rotating body (17) and the supports (23). The turbine blades (24) have a twist profile with the angles α1 and α2 determined by the wind velocity triangles compatible with the inner and outer peripheral velocities. Rotating body (17) is borne on the main body (18) and is placed on a high base (21). By means of the main body (18) placed on the base (21), the turbine system is continuously positioned according to the wind direction. The turbine system with multiple blades (24) placed on the circle (22) starts rotating in the direction (5) of rotation, under the influence of even the smallest wind. Since the rotors (1) are placed on the rotating body (17), which starts to rotate by the effect of the turbine blades (24), they start rotating in the direction of (5). As illustrated in Figure 6, rotors (1) start to rotate without any external supply of energy and begin forming the magnus effect. With the rotation of the rotors (1) about their own axes attaining the maximum speed, the rotational moment reaches the maximum level as a result of the magnus effect. The basic construction principle of this system is in general to obtain the maximum rotor (1) revolution and consequently the maximum rotational moment at the minimum wind velocity. ' Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the invention being the subject of the patent, wherein the wind blade (24) with two opposing rotors (1-2) with fixed position are placed on the rotating body (17). The rotating body (17) carried on the main body (18), which starts to rotate in the direction of (5) via the blades (24) at the lowest wind velocity, is strengthened by the magnus effect formed as a result of the rotors (1) positioned on said body starting to rotate as described in Figure 6, and thus performs the generation of energy. In order to ensure a stable main shaft revolution, the system automatically adjusts the revolution of the rotors (1) according to the varying wind velocities and the amount of consumed energy. The rotating body (17) carried on the main body (18) and the fixed position wind blades (24) and the rotors (1) thereon are seated on a high base (21) in a manner rotatable according to the wind direction.

Figure 6 illustrates the operation and control system of the invention being the subject of the patent. The drive and control system of the rotor (1) according to the magnus rotor and blade combinations described with reference to Figures 2-3-4 and 5 is illustrated in Figure 6. The magnus rotor (1) carried by the bearings (12- 14) on at least two fixed shafts (25) placed along the periphery on the rotating body (17) and the mounting flange (26) carrying the gear (37) in the lower mounting assembly are connected according to a construction with the highest mechanical efficiency. On the rotating body (17), helical gear (27) and the conical gear (40) are carried inside the bearings within the slot (28). The big conical gear (34) and the conical gear (40) rotated by the big conical gear, the helical gear (27) borne in the slot (28) being the continuation of the conical gear (40) and the gear (37) on the lower flange (26) of the rotor (1) constitute a revolution increasing transmission system beginning from the conical gear (34) up to the gear (37). Conical mirror gear (34) is carried by the bearings on the main body (18) axis, and it also carries the helical gear (33) connected to this assembly. The pinion gear (29) that rotates said gear (33) is connected with dynamotor (31) with magnetic brake, via the shaft (30) borne within the main body (18). The rotating body (17) is carried on the main body (18) via the bearings (32), and it carries all the rotating systems. Wedged flange (35) is located inside the front cover (15), and the wedged shaft (36) passes through the main body (18) and is connected with a generator (41) and a revolution counter (38) behind the main body (18). The system is placed on the base (21) along with the complete main body (18) in such a way that it may rotate according to the wind direction. During the time when no electrical command is received, the braking is applied on the dynamotor (31). Therefore, the gear transmission system (29-33-34) is in a blocked status. Under the influence of the wind, the rotating body (17) that carries the blades (24) and the rotors (1) begins rotating owing to the profile blades described with reference to Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. During said rotation, the conical gear (40) performs rolling movement on the mirror gear (34) and the gears (40-27-37) transmit this motion via the flange (26) to the rotor (1), which is carried on the fixed shaft (25) in the described manner, and the rotors begin to rotate. Owing to the magnus effect formed by the rotating rotors (1) under the influence of the wind (4), the rotating body (17) where the rotors (1) and the blades (24) are connected and the wedged shaft (36) connected thereon rotate the generator (41) and thus the electricity generation starts. The rpm counter (38), which is connected with the generator (41) and is used to measure the revolution of the system, is connected via the control device (39) to the dynamotor (31) and the electromagnetic brake (42). In case the optimal operational revolution of the generator (41), which is rotated by the wedged shaft (36) directly connected with the rotating body (17), is exceeded in either (+) or (-) direction, dynamotor (31) is energized via the control (39) and the brake (42) is released. In case of detection of "high revolution" by the system, the dynamotor (31) is enabled to generate electricity by dragging and the energy generated in the mean time is gradually eliminated, and thus the brake force is adjusted and the mirror gear (34) is released in a controlled manner and is allowed to rotate in the same direction as the rotating system. Since the mirror gear (34) rotates in the same direction as the system, it causes the reduction in the rotor (1) revolution via the gears (40-27-37) and consequently the reduction in the force formed by the magnus effect, and thus the reduction of the generator (41) revolution. Upon the generator's (41) attaining its effective revolution, the revolution counter (38) sends the required command to the dynamotor (31) via the control device (38), and the system is automatically blocked by the magnetic brake (42). In case of the generator (41) revolution dropping to the lower limit, the electronic control system (39) senses this condition from the signals of the revolution counter (38), releases the electromagnetic brake (42) of the dynamotor (31) and at the same time, provides current to the dynamotor to enable it to rotate in a controlled manner in a direction opposite to the operation; in other words, it allows the mirror gear (34) to rotate in the opposite direction and thus, the conical mirror (40) to rotate faster. Accordingly, the rotation of the rotors (1) is accelerated via the transmission of the gears (40-27-37). In this case, the force acting on the rotors (1) and consequently the rotational moment of the system become greater with the strengthened magnus effect. In this way, the generator (31) attains again its effective revolution.

Owing to the dynamotor's (31) functioning like a generator to generate electricity, the consumption of this energy and the controlled charge of an accumulator, the braking energy is stored and the dynamotor (31) is fed from the accumulator when it is needed to supply energy. In this manner, in a very well sized system, even the circuits that control and command the system may not need an external energy.

Claims

1. A mechanism with rotating rotors having a fixed profile blade and increasing the efficiency of the wind energy by forming the magnus effect, comprised by multiple profile blades and rotating rotors placed along the periphery on the axes perpendicular to a main horizontal axis, said mechanism increasing the usable energy capacity of the wind as a result of the magnus effect and enabling the rotors to run about their own axes at speeds adjustable according to the need, without the necessity of an external energy consumption, said mechanism comprising the wind turbine profile blades (24) positioned at a fixed location on the axis perpendicular to the rotating body (17) axis and at least one rotor (1) borne on the fixed shaft. (25), said rotor starting to rotate about its own axis by the support of a fixed relative position upon the rotating body (17) starting to rotate under the influence of the wind (4) owing to the wind turbine profile blades (24).

2. A mechanism with rotating rotors having a fixed profile blade and increasing the efficiency of the wind energy by forming the magnus effect, according to Claim 1 , wherein the mechanism comprises the rotating rotors (1) borne via the bearings on the fixed shaft (25) and connected with the mirror gear (34) in a fixed brake position via the gears (37-27-40), said rotors rotating as a result of the rotation of the gear (40) about its own axis as it performs the rolling movement on the mirror gear (34) during the rotation of the rotating body (17).

3. A mechanism with rotating rotors having a fixed profile blade and increasing the efficiency of the wind energy by forming the magnus effect, according to Claim 2, wherein said mechanism mechanically forms a transmission circuit by the mirror gear (34) borne via the bearings on the fixed body (18), the helical gear (33) connected to said mirror gear and the pinion gear (29) connected with the dynamotor (31) connected with said helical gear (33), said mechanism being blocked by the electromagnetic brake (42).

4. A mechanism with rotating rotors having a fixed profile blade and increasing the efficiency of the wind energy by forming the magnus effect, according to

Claims 2 and 3, wherein the circuit control apparatus energizes the electromagnetic brake (42) to release the dynamotor (dynamo motor) (31), mirror gear (34) generates electricity as a result of being dragged by the conical gear (40) and as a result of the controlled consumption of said electrical energy, the rotor (1) revolution is slowed down, or the dynamotor (31) is rotated in an opposite direction with the electrical energy provided from within the system and the rotors (1) are enabled to rotate faster with the (+) revolution in the direction of rotation via the pinion gear (29), opposing gear (33) and the mirror gear (34) connected thereto.

5. A mechanism with rotating rotors having a fixed profile blade and increasing the efficiency of the wind energy by forming the magnus effect, according to Claim 4, wherein said mechanism is equipped with rotors (1) placed on the rotating body (17), the circle supports (23) placed between these and the fixed position wind profile blades (24) positioned on the circle (22).

6. A mechanism with rotating rotors having a fixed profile blade and increasing the efficiency of the wind energy by forming the magnus effect, according to Claim 5, wherein two opposing rotors (1) and between these, two opposing fixed profile blades (24) are positioned on the rotating body (17).

7. A mechanism with rotating rotors having a fixed profile blade and increasing the efficiency of the wind energy by forming the magnus effect, according to Claim 1 , wherein multiple rotating rotors (1) are placed on the periphery between the front blade profile (2), rear blade profile (3) and the end blade profile (19) fixedly positioned on the rotating body (17).

8. The combination of the rotors forming the magnus effect and the wind turbine with fixed blades according to Claim 7 characterized in that the front blade profile (2) and the rear blade profile (3) have a twisted shape from the starting angle (α1) to the ending angle (α2) along and around the rotor.