WO2005103459A1 - Reducing agent feeding system - Google Patents

Reducing agent feeding system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005103459A1
WO2005103459A1 PCT/EP2005/004293 EP2005004293W WO2005103459A1 WO 2005103459 A1 WO2005103459 A1 WO 2005103459A1 EP 2005004293 W EP2005004293 W EP 2005004293W WO 2005103459 A1 WO2005103459 A1 WO 2005103459A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reducing agent
exhaust pipe
tubular element
addition system
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/004293
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wilhelm Kerres
Siegfried Vieth
Peter Wohlfarth
Original Assignee
Daimlerchrysler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimlerchrysler Ag filed Critical Daimlerchrysler Ag
Publication of WO2005103459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005103459A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/42Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/435Mixing tubes composed of concentric tubular members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1816Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1493Purging the reducing agent out of the conduits or nozzle
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reducing agent addition system for adding a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.
  • a reducing agent addition system for adding a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine in which a mixer is arranged downstream of the addition point in the exhaust pipe.
  • the mixer has perforated guide surfaces with which the exhaust gas flow profile is homogenized and the reducing agent is mixed with the exhaust gas.
  • the reducing agent addition system is characterized in that the reducing agent addition system is located inside the Exhaust pipe arranged guide means which shields the inner wall of the exhaust pipe at least in sections.
  • This guide device a flow guidance of the exhaust-gas reducing agent mixture is achieved along the exhaust gas line and at the same time prevents the metered-in reducing agent from striking the inner wall of the exhaust gas line and possibly being deposited or adhering there.
  • the guide device follows the contour of the exhaust pipe at least in sections at a short distance from the exhaust pipe.
  • the guide device can have a closed or perforated surface. If openings are provided in the guide device, these can be designed as holes or slots, wherein additional guide means can be provided which support an exhaust gas flow through the openings.
  • the surface of the guide device has bulges or indentations in the region of the openings, which support flow through the openings in the axial direction from the outside inwards. In this way, the impact of the reducing agent on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe is effectively prevented and the reducing agent / exhaust gas mixture is additionally homogenized.
  • a liquid, reducing medium such as, for example, a hydrocarbon or a urea-water solution, is mainly considered as the reducing agent.
  • the reducing agent is preferably used for the catalytically assisted reduction of a proportion of pollutants in the exhaust gas. It is preferably used for the catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides, for which purpose an SCR catalytic converter can be arranged downstream of the addition point in the exhaust gas line.
  • the reducing agent is preferably added approximately in the axial direction at the upstream end of the guide device.
  • a reducing agent supply line which extends radially to approximately the middle of the exhaust gas line and has a nozzle opening through which the reducing agent is finely distributed in the axial direction with respect to the exhaust gas line, for example as an aerosol to the exhaust gas.
  • the aim is, for example, to atomize the reducing agent to achieve the finest possible distribution of the reducing agent, in particular evaporation, over a comparatively short propagation path, reducing agent liquid can strike the inner wall of the exhaust pipe without suitable countermeasures.
  • the corresponding amount of reducing agent is not transported on or is delayed in the event of subsequent evaporation from the exhaust gas, which results in incorrect metering with a correspondingly reduced exhaust gas cleaning effect.
  • the guide device according to the invention shields the inner wall of the exhaust pipe from impinging droplet of reducing agent, thereby avoiding the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the guide device has a spacer element which bears against the inside of the exhaust pipe and / or against a flange of the exhaust pipe and / or is firmly connected to the latter. In this way, the position of the guide device in the exhaust pipe is stabilized.
  • a plurality of spacer elements can be provided, which can also be arranged as desired distributed on the guide device. It is advantageous if one or more of the spacer elements serve at the same time for fastening the guide device.
  • the guide device is designed to be heatable. In this way, condensing out of reducing agent on the guide device can be countered.
  • the exhaust pipe is designed at least in sections as a corrugated hose or a wound hose.
  • the corrugated hose or winding hose is preferably made of a corrosion-resistant metal, particularly preferably of stainless steel.
  • the guide device extends over the largest part of the corrugated hose length or the wound hose length. It is particularly advantageous if the guiding device ends downstream of the corrugated hose or winding hose section of the exhaust gas line. In this way, reducing agent is prevented from striking the inner wall of the winding or corrugated hose, which could impair the function of this component.
  • the guide device is designed as a guide plate.
  • the guide plate is preferably of shell-shaped design. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a curved exhaust pipe, since in this case there is an increased risk of the reducing agent striking only for a peripheral part of the inside of the exhaust pipe.
  • the guide element is designed as a tubular element.
  • the reducing agent is preferably added to the separate pipe element arranged inside the exhaust pipe.
  • the tubular element is preferably designed to be open at the ends.
  • the outer surface of the tubular element is preferably completely closed.
  • openings in the form of slots or holes can also be provided.
  • the tubular element is preferably straight and comparatively thin-walled.
  • the inner wall of the exhaust pipe is shielded all around with a guide device designed as a tubular element.
  • the tubular element is arranged coaxially with the exhaust pipe in the exhaust pipe.
  • the tubular element is preferably all around and over most of its length at a small distance from the inner wall of the exhaust pipe compared to its diameter. This enables the exhaust gas / reducing agent mixture to be distributed over almost the entire cross section of the exhaust line. It is advantageous if the tubular element is designed to be widened on the input side and / or on the output side. The widening can be designed in such a way that the pipe section at least partially abuts the inside of the exhaust pipe, or is connected to it. This fixes the position of the tubular element.
  • the entire length of the tubular element is arranged around the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe.
  • the exhaust gas supplied by the internal combustion engine can thus both through the pipe element and through flow through an annular gap between the pipe element and the exhaust pipe. In this way, a narrowing of the free flow cross section and the formation of a flow-related dead zone is avoided.
  • the tubular element is preferably firmly connected to a flange of the exhaust pipe. For reasons of stability, it is advantageous to provide this connection at its upstream end in sections or all around with the exhaust pipe or with a flange of the exhaust pipe.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the reducing agent addition system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the reducing agent addition system according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment along the section line AA in Fig. 2 and
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of the reducing agent addition system according to the invention.
  • the first preferred embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1 according to the invention shown schematically in FIG. 1 comprises an exhaust pipe with end pieces 2, 2 'and a middle part 3 designed as a winding tube, the Middle part 3 is connected via the flanges 4 and 4 'to the end pieces 2 and 2'.
  • the reducing agent addition system 1 is assigned to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the latter not being shown in more detail.
  • the internal combustion engine is preferably designed as a diesel engine.
  • a commercial vehicle is particularly suitable as a motor vehicle.
  • An exhaust gas cleaning element also not shown, is provided in the exhaust system. Although this can be designed as any exhaust gas catalytic converter or particle filter, it is assumed below that it is a so-called SCR catalytic converter for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides. Accordingly, an aqueous urea solution is preferably added to the exhaust gas of the diesel engine by the reducing agent addition system 1.
  • an addition nozzle 6 is provided, through which the urea solution is finely distributed and preferably sprayed axially with respect to the expansion of the exhaust pipe into the exhaust gas.
  • the direction of flow of the exhaust gas is identified by the arrows 8, while the spray cone of the reducing agent aerosol, which preferably forms, is identified schematically by the edge jets 7.
  • the reducing agent addition device 1 has a guide device.
  • the guiding device and its arrangement prevent the reducing agent injected into the exhaust gas from striking the inner wall of the exhaust gas line or the central part 3 of the exhaust gas line and condensing or condensing there. This is particularly important in the case of an exhaust gas line which is at least partially configured as a winding tube. These types of lines often have a certain permeability, so that condensation or crystallization on the inner wall Reducing agents can escape to the outside and form an undesirable coating there.
  • the guide device therefore preferably ends, viewed in the exhaust gas flow direction, behind the middle part 3 of the exhaust pipe, which is designed as a flexible hose.
  • the guide device can be designed, for example, as a curved and / or curved guide plate with or without openings. Without restricting generality, exemplary embodiments are described below in which the guide device is designed as a tubular element.
  • the reducing agent addition device 1 has a pipe element 5 as a guiding device, which is arranged inside the exhaust pipe, especially within the middle part 3 of the exhaust pipe.
  • the tubular element can also be designed as a slim sleeve with a small diameter compared to the exhaust pipe, it is advantageous to design the tubular element with a comparatively large diameter as shown and to run it coaxially with the central part 3 of the exhaust pipe with a small radial distance.
  • the tubular element 5 here has an expanded end piece 5 ′ on the input side, which is preferably firmly connected to the flange 4 all around. This fixes the position of the tubular element 5, so that it is arranged over most of its length coaxially with the central part 3 of the exhaust pipe.
  • the extended end piece 5 'of the tubular element 5 can, however, also be attached in sections all around on the inside of the flange 4, it being advantageous if the end piece 5' has axial openings so that exhaust gas can pass through and the tubular element 5 can flow around the outside. Since the tubular element 5 has no contact with the exhaust pipe over most of its length, heat dissipation to the exhaust pipe is avoided.
  • the opening of the addition nozzle 6 as shown centrally disposed with respect to the cross sectional area of the exhaust pipe and with a small axial distance to the inlet opening of the 'pipe portion 5, so that the discharged reducing agent completely from the tubular element 5 is received.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1, the corresponding components, insofar as they correspond to the parts in FIG. 1, being identified by the same reference numerals. It differs from the reducing agent addition system shown in FIG. 1 mainly in the embodiment of the tubular element 5, which has an approximately constant diameter over its entire length. Furthermore, the nozzle opening of the addition nozzle 6 protrudes slightly into the tubular element 5.
  • exhaust gas can flow freely around the tubular element 5, so that almost the full cross section of the exhaust gas line is available for the exhaust gas flow. This will reduce pressure loss due to constrictions as well aerodynamic dead zones in the circumferential gap between pipe element 5 and exhaust pipe avoided. Furthermore, there is a further improved distribution of the reducing agent / exhaust gas mixture over the entire cross section of the exhaust gas line after it has emerged from the tubular element 5.
  • FIG. 3 The position fixing of the tubular element 5 in the exhaust gas line can be seen in FIG. 3, in which a cross section along the cross-sectional line A - A shown in FIG. 2 is shown schematically.
  • holder elements 9 are arranged all around on the circumference of the tubular element 5 for positional fixation and spacing.
  • the holder elements 9 can for example be designed as narrow webs or as knobs and are firmly connected to the tubular element 5. They rest on the inner wall of the middle part 3 of the exhaust pipe or are also firmly connected to it.
  • the fixed connection can also take place additionally or alternatively in the region of the flange 4 and / or 4 '.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1, the corresponding components, insofar as they correspond to the parts of FIGS. 1 to 3, being identified by the same reference symbols. For reasons of clarity, these are in the radially upper half with respect to the exhaust pipe Components shown, which are not shown in the lower half and vice versa.
  • the reducing agent addition system 1 shown in FIG. 4 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 mainly in the embodiment of the tubular element 5, which has a heating winding 10 and a tear-off edge 11 on the output side. Also recognizable is a holder element designed as a slender web 9 and the design of the exhaust gas conduit part 3 as a corrugated hose.
  • the tubular element 5 is fastened here via the web 9 to the flange 4, but it can also be attached to a flange 4a of the exhaust pipe end piece 2.
  • the heating is designed here as an electrical heating wire wound around the tubular element 5 on the outlet side. However, the heating can of course be provided over the entire length of the tubular element 5.
  • the tear-off edge 11 provided on the end of the tubular element 5 supports the mixing of the exhaust-gas reducing agent mixture emerging from the tubular element 5 with the exhaust gas flowing in radially from the outside.
  • the fixed connection of the tubular element 5 to the flange 4 of the exhaust pipe or to the flange 4a of the exhaust pipe end piece 2 is advantageous, since these are comparatively solid and thus result in a reliable position stabilization of the tubular element 5.
  • the web 9 used to fasten the tubular element 5 is straight here and extends in the direction of the exhaust gas flow, it can be advantageous if it is curved, for example in the form of a guide vane.
  • the exhaust gas flowing around the web 9 can swirl - Experience lung or get a swirl, whereby an improved heat transfer and an improved mixing of the reducing agent with the exhaust gas is achieved.
  • a further improvement in stability can be provided for the tubular element 5 in the transition area to the web 9.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1, the type of representation corresponding to that in FIG. 4 and the corresponding components, insofar as they correspond to the parts in FIG. 4, being identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 essentially differs from that of FIG. 4 by the design of the tubular element 5 and its attachment.
  • the tubular element 5 is double-walled, at least in sections, with the intermediate space serving to accommodate the heating winding 10. It is therefore not in direct contact with the exhaust gas, which increases its durability.
  • a line bushing 13 is provided for the power supply line 14 and is arranged on a support tube 12 of the exhaust gas conduit part 3 designed as a corrugated hose or a winding hose.
  • the intermediate piece 12 is fastened by means of a pipe clamp 15 to the flange 4a of the exhaust pipe end piece 2, to which the addition nozzle 6 for the reducing agent is also screwed.
  • the corresponding screw connection 16 is designed as a bushing for the reducing agent supply line 17.
  • the features shown in the preferred embodiments of the reducing agent addition system 1 can be combined accordingly, or that embodiments other than those shown can also be used for the components.
  • other or further fastening options for the tubular element 5, for example on the addition nozzle 6 or with one of the Exhaust pipe end pieces 2, 2 ' may be provided. Additional components may also be present.
  • the guiding device in particular when embodied as a tubular element, can accommodate a component used for the preparation or hydrolysis of the reducing agent.

Abstract

The invention relates to a reducing agent feeding system (1) for feeding a reducing agent into a waste gas line of an internal combustion engine. The reducing agent feeding system (1) is characterised in that it comprises a guiding device (5) which is arranged in the inside of the waste gas line, which at least sectionally protects the inside of the waste gas line. The reducing agent feeding system (1) can be used, in particular, in utility vehicles in order to remove nitrogen from the waste gas.

Description

Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem Reducing agent addition system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem zur Zugabe eines Reduktionsmittels in eine Abgasleitung einer Brennkraftmaschine .The invention relates to a reducing agent addition system for adding a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.
Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 199 38 865 CI ist ein Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem zur Zugabe eines Reduktionsmittels in eine Abgasleitung einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei welchem ein Mischer stromabwärts der Zugabestelle in der Abgasleitung angeordnet ist. Der Mischer weist gelochte Leitflächen auf, mit denen eine Vergleichmäßigung des Abgasströmungsprofils und eine Vermischung des Reduktionsmittels mit dem Abgas bewirkt wird.From the published patent application DE 199 38 865 CI, a reducing agent addition system for adding a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine is known, in which a mixer is arranged downstream of the addition point in the exhaust pipe. The mixer has perforated guide surfaces with which the exhaust gas flow profile is homogenized and the reducing agent is mixed with the exhaust gas.
Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem zur Zugabe eines Reduktionsmittels in eine Abgasleitung einer Brennkraftmaschine anzugeben, mit welchem eine gezielte Strδmungsführung der Reduktionsmittel-Abgas- mischung innerhalb der Abgasleitung ermöglicht ist.In contrast, it is an object of the invention to provide a reducing agent addition system for adding a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, with which a targeted flow control of the reducing agent-exhaust gas mixture within the exhaust pipe is made possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a reducing agent addition system with the features of claim 1.
Das Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem eine im Inneren der Abgasleitung angeordnete Leiteinrichtung umfasst, welche die Innenwand der Abgasleitung wenigstens abschnittsweise abschirmt. Mit dieser Leiteinrichtung wird eine Strömungsführung des Abgas-Reduktionsmittelgemisches längs der Abgasleitung erreicht und zugleich verhindert, dass das zudosierte Reduktionsmittel an die Innenwand der Abgasleitung auftrifft und sich dort gegebenfalls ablagert oder anhaftet . Aus diesem Grund ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Leiteinrichtung wenigstens abschnittsweise mit geringem Abstand zur Abgasleitung der Kontur der Abgasleitung folgt. Die Leiteinrichtung kann eine geschlossene oder durchbrochene Oberfläche aufweisen. Sind Öffnungen in der Leiteinrichtung vorgesehen, so können diese als Löcher oder Schlitze ausgebildet sein, wobei zusätzlich Führungsmittel vorgesehen sein können, welche eine Abgasdurchströmung der Öffnungen unterstützen. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Oberfläche der Leiteinrichtung im Bereich der Öffnungen Ausbuchtungen oder Einbuchtungen aufweist, welche ein Durchströmen der Öffnungen in axialer Richtung von außen nach innen unterstützen. Auf diese Weise wird das Auftreffen des Reduktionsmittels auf die Innenwand der Abgasleitung wirksam verhindert und es erfolgt zusätzlich eine Homogenisierung der Reduktionsmittel-Abgasmischung.The reducing agent addition system is characterized in that the reducing agent addition system is located inside the Exhaust pipe arranged guide means which shields the inner wall of the exhaust pipe at least in sections. With this guide device, a flow guidance of the exhaust-gas reducing agent mixture is achieved along the exhaust gas line and at the same time prevents the metered-in reducing agent from striking the inner wall of the exhaust gas line and possibly being deposited or adhering there. For this reason, it is advantageous if the guide device follows the contour of the exhaust pipe at least in sections at a short distance from the exhaust pipe. The guide device can have a closed or perforated surface. If openings are provided in the guide device, these can be designed as holes or slots, wherein additional guide means can be provided which support an exhaust gas flow through the openings. In particular, it can be provided that the surface of the guide device has bulges or indentations in the region of the openings, which support flow through the openings in the axial direction from the outside inwards. In this way, the impact of the reducing agent on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe is effectively prevented and the reducing agent / exhaust gas mixture is additionally homogenized.
Als Reduktionsmittel kommt hauptsächlich ein flüssiges, reduzierend wirkendes Medium wie beispielsweise ein Kohlenwasserstoff oder eine Harnstoff-Wasser-Lösung in Betracht. Vorzugsweise dient das Reduktionsmittel der katalytisch unterstützten Verminderung eines Schadstoff- anteils im Abgas. Vorzugsweise dient es der katalytischen Entfernung von Stickoxiden, wozu stromab der Zugabestelle in der Abgasleitung ein SCR-Katalysator angeordnet sein dienen kann. Die Zugabe des Reduktionsmittels erfolgt vorzugsweise annähernd in axialer Richtung am stromaufwärtigen Ende der Leiteinrichtung. Hierzu ist eine radial bis etwa in die Mitte der Abgasleitung geführte Reduktionsmittelzugabeleitung mit einer Düsenöffnung vorgesehen, durch welche das Reduktionsmittel in axialer Richtung in Bezug auf die Abgasleitung fein verteilt, beispielsweise als Aerosol dem Abgas zugegeben wird. Obschon beispielsweise durch eine Verdüsung des Reduktionsmittels angestrebt wird, auf vergleichsweise kurzem Ausbreitungsweg eine möglichst feine Verteilung des Reduktionsmittels, insbesondere eine Verdampfung zu erreichen, kann Reduktionsmittel-Flüssigkeit ohne geeignete gegensteuernde Maßnahmen auf die Innenwand der Abgasleitung auftreffen. Die entsprechende Reduktionsmittelmenge wird nicht oder bei nachfolgender Verdunstung erst mit Verzögerung vom Abgas weitertransportiert, woraus eine Fehldosierung mit entsprechend verminderter Abgasreinigungswirkung resultiert. Die erfindungsgemäße Leiteinrichtung schirmt die Innenwand der Abgasleitung vor auftreffenden Reduktionsmitteltröpfchen ab, wodurch die genannten Nachteile vermieden werden.A liquid, reducing medium, such as, for example, a hydrocarbon or a urea-water solution, is mainly considered as the reducing agent. The reducing agent is preferably used for the catalytically assisted reduction of a proportion of pollutants in the exhaust gas. It is preferably used for the catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides, for which purpose an SCR catalytic converter can be arranged downstream of the addition point in the exhaust gas line. The reducing agent is preferably added approximately in the axial direction at the upstream end of the guide device. For this purpose, a reducing agent supply line is provided, which extends radially to approximately the middle of the exhaust gas line and has a nozzle opening through which the reducing agent is finely distributed in the axial direction with respect to the exhaust gas line, for example as an aerosol to the exhaust gas. Although the aim is, for example, to atomize the reducing agent to achieve the finest possible distribution of the reducing agent, in particular evaporation, over a comparatively short propagation path, reducing agent liquid can strike the inner wall of the exhaust pipe without suitable countermeasures. The corresponding amount of reducing agent is not transported on or is delayed in the event of subsequent evaporation from the exhaust gas, which results in incorrect metering with a correspondingly reduced exhaust gas cleaning effect. The guide device according to the invention shields the inner wall of the exhaust pipe from impinging droplet of reducing agent, thereby avoiding the disadvantages mentioned.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Leiteinrichtung ein Abstandshalterelement auf, das innen an der Abgasleitung und/oder an einem Flansch der Abgasleitung anliegt und/oder mit diesen fest verbunden ist. Auf diese Weise wird eine Lagestabilisierung der Leiteinrichtung in der Abgasleitung erreicht . Es können selbstverständlich eine Mehrzahl von Abstandshalterelementen vorgesehen sein, die zudem beliebig auf der Leiteinrichtung verteilt angeordnet sein können. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn eines oder mehrere der Abstandshal- terele ente gleichzeitig der Befestigung der Leiteinrichtung dienen. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Leiteinrichtung beheizbar ausgeführt. Auf diese Weise kann einem Auskondensieren von Reduktionsmittel auf der Leiteinrichtung begegnet werden.In an embodiment of the invention, the guide device has a spacer element which bears against the inside of the exhaust pipe and / or against a flange of the exhaust pipe and / or is firmly connected to the latter. In this way, the position of the guide device in the exhaust pipe is stabilized. Of course, a plurality of spacer elements can be provided, which can also be arranged as desired distributed on the guide device. It is advantageous if one or more of the spacer elements serve at the same time for fastening the guide device. In a further embodiment of the invention, the guide device is designed to be heatable. In this way, condensing out of reducing agent on the guide device can be countered.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Abgasleitung wenigstens abschnittsweise als Wellschlauch oder Wickelschlauch ausgebildet. Dadurch wird eine gewisse Flexibilität der Abgasleitung sowohl in axialer Richtung als auch in Bezug auf Biegung und Torsion erreicht und es können mechanische Schwingungen abgefangen werden. Vorzugsweise ist der Well- schlauch oder Wickelschlauch aus einem korrosionsbeständigem Metall, besonders bevorzugt aus Edelstahl gefertigt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the exhaust pipe is designed at least in sections as a corrugated hose or a wound hose. As a result, a certain flexibility of the exhaust pipe is achieved both in the axial direction and in terms of bending and torsion, and mechanical vibrations can be absorbed. The corrugated hose or winding hose is preferably made of a corrosion-resistant metal, particularly preferably of stainless steel.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erstreckt sich die Leiteinrichtung über den größten Teil der Wellschlauchlänge oder der Wickelschlauchlänge. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Leiteinrichtung stromabwärts des Wellschlauch- oder Wickelschlauchabschnitts der Abgasleitung endet. Auf diese Weise wird ein Auftreffen von Reduktionsmittel auf die Innenwand des Wickel- oder Wellschlauchs verhindert, was zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Funktion diese Bauteiles führen könnte .In a further embodiment of the invention, the guide device extends over the largest part of the corrugated hose length or the wound hose length. It is particularly advantageous if the guiding device ends downstream of the corrugated hose or winding hose section of the exhaust gas line. In this way, reducing agent is prevented from striking the inner wall of the winding or corrugated hose, which could impair the function of this component.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Leiteinrichtung als Leitblech ausgebildet. Vorzugsweise ist das Leitblech schalenfδrmig ausgebildet. Dies ist insbesondere bei einer gebogenen Abgasleitung vorteilhaft, da in diesem Fall lediglich für einen umfangsseitigen Teil der Abgasleitungsinnenwand eine erhöhte Gefahr des Auftreffens des Reduktionsmittels besteht. Vorteilhaft ist jedoch auch, zwei oder mehr vorzugsweise schalenförmige Leitbleche vorzusehen. Diese können jeweils in geringem Abstand zur Innenwand der Abgasleitung verlaufen und ihrer Kontur folgen. Vorteilhaft ist es, das Leitblech oder die Leitbleche so auszuführen, dass eine äußere Umströmung mit Abgas ermöglicht ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the guide device is designed as a guide plate. The guide plate is preferably of shell-shaped design. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a curved exhaust pipe, since in this case there is an increased risk of the reducing agent striking only for a peripheral part of the inside of the exhaust pipe. However, it is also advantageous to provide two or more preferably baffle-shaped baffles. These can each run a short distance from the inner wall of the exhaust pipe and follow their contour. It is advantageous it to design the baffle or the baffles so that an external flow of exhaust gas is possible.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Leitelement als Rohrelement ausgeführt. Die Zugabe des Reduktionsmittels erfolgt in diesem Fall vorzugsweise in das innerhalb der Abgasleitung angeordnete separate Rohrelement . Das Rohrelement ist vorzugsweise jeweils endseitig offen ausgeführt. Die Mantelfläche des Rohrelements ist vorzugsweise völlig geschlossenen ausgeführt. Es können jedoch auch, wie oben beschrieben, Öffnungen in Form von Schlitzen oder Löchern vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise ist das Rohrelement gerade und vergleichsweise dünnwandig ausgeführt. Mit einer als Rohrelement ausgeführten Leiteinrichtung ist die Innenwand der Abgasleitung ringsum abgeschirmt .In a further embodiment of the invention, the guide element is designed as a tubular element. In this case, the reducing agent is preferably added to the separate pipe element arranged inside the exhaust pipe. The tubular element is preferably designed to be open at the ends. The outer surface of the tubular element is preferably completely closed. However, as described above, openings in the form of slots or holes can also be provided. The tubular element is preferably straight and comparatively thin-walled. The inner wall of the exhaust pipe is shielded all around with a guide device designed as a tubular element.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Rohrelement koaxial zur Abgasleitung in der Abgasleitung angeordnet. Vorzugsweise weist das Rohrelement rundum und über den größten Teil seiner Länge einen im Vergleich zu seinem Durchmesser geringen Abstand zur Innenwand der Abgasleitung auf. Damit ist eine Verteilung des Abgas-Reduktionsmittelgemisches über nahezu den gesamten Querschnitt der Abgasleitung ermöglicht. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Rohrelement eingangs- seitig und/oder ausgangsseitig aufgeweitet ausgeführt ist. Die Aufweitung kann so gestaltet sein, dass der Rohrleitungsabschnitt umfangsseitig wenigstens teilweise innen an der Abgasleitung anliegt, oder mit ihr verbunden ist. Dadurch wird eine Lagefixierung des Rohrelementes erreicht.In a further embodiment of the invention, the tubular element is arranged coaxially with the exhaust pipe in the exhaust pipe. The tubular element is preferably all around and over most of its length at a small distance from the inner wall of the exhaust pipe compared to its diameter. This enables the exhaust gas / reducing agent mixture to be distributed over almost the entire cross section of the exhaust line. It is advantageous if the tubular element is designed to be widened on the input side and / or on the output side. The widening can be designed in such a way that the pipe section at least partially abuts the inside of the exhaust pipe, or is connected to it. This fixes the position of the tubular element.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Rohrelement auf seiner gesamten Länge von Abgas umströmbar in der Abgasleitung angeordnet. Das von der Brennkraftmaschine gelieferte Abgas kann somit sowohl durch das Rohrelement als auch durch einen Ringspalt zwischen Rohrelement und Abgasrohr hindurch strömen. Auf diese Weise wird eine Verengung des freien Strömungsquerschnitts und die Ausbildung einer strömungsmäßigen Totzone vermieden. Das Rohrelement ist vorzugsweise mit einem Flansch der Abgasleitung fest verbunden. Aus Stabilitätsgründen ist es vorteilhaft, diese Verbindung an seinem stromaufwärtigen Ende abschnittssweise oder ringsum mit der Abgasleitung oder mit einem Flansch der Abgasleitung vorzusehen.In a further embodiment of the invention, the entire length of the tubular element is arranged around the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas supplied by the internal combustion engine can thus both through the pipe element and through flow through an annular gap between the pipe element and the exhaust pipe. In this way, a narrowing of the free flow cross section and the formation of a flow-related dead zone is avoided. The tubular element is preferably firmly connected to a flange of the exhaust pipe. For reasons of stability, it is advantageous to provide this connection at its upstream end in sections or all around with the exhaust pipe or with a flange of the exhaust pipe.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen veranschaulicht und werden nachfolgend beschrieben. Dabei zeigen:Advantageous embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described below. Show:
Fig. 1 Eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Reduktionsmittel- zugabesystems,1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the reducing agent addition system according to the invention,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Reduktionsmittel- zugabesystems,2 shows a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the reducing agent addition system according to the invention,
Fig. 3 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht der zweiten Ausführungsform gemäß der Schnittlinie A - A in Fig. 2 undFig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment along the section line AA in Fig. 2 and
Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Reduktionsmittel- zugabesystems .4 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of the reducing agent addition system according to the invention.
Die in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Reduktionsmittelzugabesystems 1 umfasst eine Abgasleitung mit Endstücken 2, 2' und ein als Wickelschlauch ausgeführtes Mittelteil 3, wobei das Mittelteil 3 über die Flansche 4 bzw. 4' mit den Endstücken 2 bzw. 2 ' verbunden ist. Das Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem 1 ist der Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs zugeordnet, wobei letztere nicht näher dargestellt sind. Die Brennkraftmaschine ist vorzugsweise als Dieselmotor ausgebildet. Als Kraftfahrzeug kommt insbesondere ein Nutzfahrzeug in Betracht .The first preferred embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1 according to the invention shown schematically in FIG. 1 comprises an exhaust pipe with end pieces 2, 2 'and a middle part 3 designed as a winding tube, the Middle part 3 is connected via the flanges 4 and 4 'to the end pieces 2 and 2'. The reducing agent addition system 1 is assigned to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the latter not being shown in more detail. The internal combustion engine is preferably designed as a diesel engine. A commercial vehicle is particularly suitable as a motor vehicle.
In der Abgasanlage ist ein ebenfalls nicht dargestelltes Abgasreinigungselement vorgesehen. Obschon dieses als beliebiger Abgaskatalysator oder Partikelfilter ausgebildet sein kann, wird nachfolgend davon ausgegangen, dass es sich um einen sogenannten SCR-Katalysator zur selektiven Reduktion von Stickoxiden handelt . Dementsprechend wird durch das Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem 1 dem Abgas des Dieselmotors vorzugsweise eine wässrige Harnstofflösung zugegeben. Hierzu ist eine Zugabedüse 6 vorgesehen, über welche die Harnstofflösung fein verteilt und vorzugsweise axial in Bezug auf die Ausdehnung der Abgasleitung in das Abgas gesprüht wird. Dabei ist die Strömungsrichtung des Abgases mit den Pfeilen 8 gekennzeichnet, während der sich vorzugsweise ausbildende Sprühkegel des Reduktionsmittel-Aerosols schematisch durch die Randstrahlen 7 gekennzeichnet ist .An exhaust gas cleaning element, also not shown, is provided in the exhaust system. Although this can be designed as any exhaust gas catalytic converter or particle filter, it is assumed below that it is a so-called SCR catalytic converter for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides. Accordingly, an aqueous urea solution is preferably added to the exhaust gas of the diesel engine by the reducing agent addition system 1. For this purpose, an addition nozzle 6 is provided, through which the urea solution is finely distributed and preferably sprayed axially with respect to the expansion of the exhaust pipe into the exhaust gas. The direction of flow of the exhaust gas is identified by the arrows 8, while the spray cone of the reducing agent aerosol, which preferably forms, is identified schematically by the edge jets 7.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Reduktionsmittelzugabevorrichtung 1 eine Leiteinrichtung auf. Durch die Leiteinrichtung und deren Anordnung wird vermieden, dass in das Abgas eingedüstes Reduktionsmittel auf die Innenwand der Abgasleitung bzw. auf das Mittelteil 3 der Abgasleitung auftrifft und sich dort niederschlägt oder auskondensiert. Dies ist insbesondere bei einer wenigstens abschnittsweise als Wickelschlauch ausgeführten Abgasleitung von Bedeutung. Diese Art von Leitungen weisen häufig eine gewisse Durchlässigkeit auf, so dass an der Innenwand auskondensiertes oder auskristallisiertes Reduktionsmittel nach außen dringen kann und dort einen unerwünschten Belag bildet. Die Leiteinrichtung endet daher vorzugsweise in Abgasströmungsrichtung gesehen hinter dem als WickeIschlauch ausgeführten Mittelteil 3 der Abgasleitung. Die Leiteinrichtung kann beispielsweise als gewölbtes und/oder gekrümmtes Leitblech mit oder ohne Öffnungen ausgebildet sein. Ohne Einschränkung der Allgemeinheit werden nachfolgend Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben, in denen die Leiteinrichtung als Rohrelement ausgeführt ist.According to the invention, the reducing agent addition device 1 has a guide device. The guiding device and its arrangement prevent the reducing agent injected into the exhaust gas from striking the inner wall of the exhaust gas line or the central part 3 of the exhaust gas line and condensing or condensing there. This is particularly important in the case of an exhaust gas line which is at least partially configured as a winding tube. These types of lines often have a certain permeability, so that condensation or crystallization on the inner wall Reducing agents can escape to the outside and form an undesirable coating there. The guide device therefore preferably ends, viewed in the exhaust gas flow direction, behind the middle part 3 of the exhaust pipe, which is designed as a flexible hose. The guide device can be designed, for example, as a curved and / or curved guide plate with or without openings. Without restricting generality, exemplary embodiments are described below in which the guide device is designed as a tubular element.
In der in Fig. 1 dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Reduktionsmittelzugabevorrichtung 1 als Leiteinrichtung ein Rohrelement 5 auf, das innerhalb der Abgasleitung, speziell innerhalb des Mittelteils 3 der Abgasleitung angeordnet ist. Obschon das Rohrelement auch als schlanke Hülse mit einem im Vergleich zur Abgasleitung geringen Durchmesser ausgeführt sein kann, ist es vorteilhaft, das Rohrelement wie dargestellt mit einem vergleichsweise großen Durchmesser auszubilden und mit geringem radialen Abstand koaxial zum Mittelteil 3 der Abgasleitung zu führen.In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the reducing agent addition device 1 has a pipe element 5 as a guiding device, which is arranged inside the exhaust pipe, especially within the middle part 3 of the exhaust pipe. Although the tubular element can also be designed as a slim sleeve with a small diameter compared to the exhaust pipe, it is advantageous to design the tubular element with a comparatively large diameter as shown and to run it coaxially with the central part 3 of the exhaust pipe with a small radial distance.
Das Rohrelement 5 weist hier eingangsseitig ein erweitertes Endstück 5' auf, welches vorzugsweise rundum mit dem Flansch 4 fest verbunden ist . Dadurch wird eine Lagefixierung des Rohrelements 5 erreicht, so dass dieses über den größten Teil seiner Länge koaxial zum Mittelteil 3 der Abgasleitung angeordnet ist. Das erweiterte Endstück 5' des Rohrelements 5 kann jedoch auch lediglich abschnittsweise ringsum an der Innenseite des Flansches 4 befestigt sein, wobei es vorteilhaft ist, wenn das Endstück 5' axiale Durchbrüche aufweist, so dass Abgas hindurchtreten und das Rohrelement 5 außen umströmen kann. Da das Rohrelement 5 auf den größten Teil seiner Länge keinen Kontakt zur Abgasleitung hat, wird eine Wärmeabfuhr an die Abgasleitung vermieden. Somit erwärmt sich das Rohrelement 5 rascher, was das Anfahrverhalten des gesamten Systems verbessert und es nimmt eine höhere Betriebstemperatur an. Dadurch wird wiederum eine Kondensation des Reduktionsmittels vermieden, das Reduktionsmittel verdampft rascher und es erfolgt eine bessere Vermischung mit Abgas. Mit der erzielten höheren Abgastemperatur durch Vermeidung der Abkühlung über Rohrleitungswände kann zudem eine verbesserte Hydrolyse- Zersetzung des zugegebenen Harnstoffs erfolgen.The tubular element 5 here has an expanded end piece 5 ′ on the input side, which is preferably firmly connected to the flange 4 all around. This fixes the position of the tubular element 5, so that it is arranged over most of its length coaxially with the central part 3 of the exhaust pipe. The extended end piece 5 'of the tubular element 5 can, however, also be attached in sections all around on the inside of the flange 4, it being advantageous if the end piece 5' has axial openings so that exhaust gas can pass through and the tubular element 5 can flow around the outside. Since the tubular element 5 has no contact with the exhaust pipe over most of its length, heat dissipation to the exhaust pipe is avoided. The pipe element 5 thus heats up more quickly, which improves the start-up behavior of the entire system and assumes a higher operating temperature. This in turn prevents condensation of the reducing agent, the reducing agent evaporates more quickly and there is better mixing with exhaust gas. With the higher exhaust gas temperature achieved by avoiding cooling via pipeline walls, an improved hydrolysis decomposition of the added urea can also take place.
Vorzugsweise ist die Öffnung der Zugabedüse 6 wie dargestellt mittig in Bezug auf die Querschnittsfläche der Abgasleitung und mit geringem axialen Abstand zur Eingangsöffnung des 'Rohrleitungsabschnitts 5 angeordnet, so dass das abgegebene Reduktionsmittel vollständig vom Rohrelement 5 aufgenommen wird.Preferably, the opening of the addition nozzle 6 as shown centrally disposed with respect to the cross sectional area of the exhaust pipe and with a small axial distance to the inlet opening of the 'pipe portion 5, so that the discharged reducing agent completely from the tubular element 5 is received.
In Fig. 2 ist eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des Reduktionsmittelzugabesystems l dargestellt, wobei die entsprechenden Bauteile, soweit sie mit den Teilen der Fig. 1 übereinstimmen, durch dieselben Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet sind. Es unterscheidet sich von dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem hauptsächlich durch die Ausführungsform des Rohrelements 5, das über seine gesamte Länge einen etwa gleichbleibenden Durchmesser aufweist. Ferner ragt die Düsenöffnung der Zugabedüse 6 geringfügig in das Rohrelement 5 hinein.FIG. 2 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1, the corresponding components, insofar as they correspond to the parts in FIG. 1, being identified by the same reference numerals. It differs from the reducing agent addition system shown in FIG. 1 mainly in the embodiment of the tubular element 5, which has an approximately constant diameter over its entire length. Furthermore, the nozzle opening of the addition nozzle 6 protrudes slightly into the tubular element 5.
In dieser Ausführungsform ist das Rohrelement 5 von Abgas frei umströmbar, so dass für die Abgasströmung nahezu der volle Querschnitt der Abgasleitung zur Verfügung steht. Dadurch werden Druckverluste infolge von Einschnürungen sowie strömungsmäßige Totzonen im Umfangsspalt zwischen Rohrelement 5 und Abgasleitung vermieden. Ferner erfolgt eine weiter verbesserte Verteilung des Reduktionsmittel-Abgasgemisch.es über den gesamten Abgasleitungsquerschnitt nach Austritt aus dem Rohrelement 5.In this embodiment, exhaust gas can flow freely around the tubular element 5, so that almost the full cross section of the exhaust gas line is available for the exhaust gas flow. This will reduce pressure loss due to constrictions as well aerodynamic dead zones in the circumferential gap between pipe element 5 and exhaust pipe avoided. Furthermore, there is a further improved distribution of the reducing agent / exhaust gas mixture over the entire cross section of the exhaust gas line after it has emerged from the tubular element 5.
Die Lagefixierung des Rohrelements 5 in der Abgasleitung ist in Fig. 3 zu erkennen, in welcher schematisch ein Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 2 eingezeicheten Querschnittslinie A - A dargestellt ist. Wie gezeigt, sind zur Lagefixierung und Abstandshaltung Halterelemente 9 ringsum am Umfang des Rohrelements 5 angeordnet. Die Halterelemente 9 können beispielsweise als schmale Stege oder als Noppen ausgebildet sein und sind fest mit dem Rohrelement 5 verbunden. Sie liegen an der Innenwand des Mittelteils 3 der Abgasleitung an oder sind ebenfalls mit diesem fest verbunden. Die feste Verbindung kann jedoch auch zusätzlich oder alternativ im Bereich des Flansches 4 und/oder 4' erfolgen. Vorteilhaft ist es beispielsweise, mittels der Ha1terelernente 9 eine feste Verbindung zwischen dem Rohrelement 5 und dem stromaufwär- tigen Flansch 4 zu bilden, während die Halterelemente am stromabwärtigen Flansch 4' lediglich anliegen und als Abstandshalter dienen. Dadurch bleibt ein axialer Bewegungs- spielraum des flexiblen Mittelteils 3 der Abgasleitung gegenüber dem Rohrelement 5 erhalten, wodurch mechanische Spannungen vermieden werden.The position fixing of the tubular element 5 in the exhaust gas line can be seen in FIG. 3, in which a cross section along the cross-sectional line A - A shown in FIG. 2 is shown schematically. As shown, holder elements 9 are arranged all around on the circumference of the tubular element 5 for positional fixation and spacing. The holder elements 9 can for example be designed as narrow webs or as knobs and are firmly connected to the tubular element 5. They rest on the inner wall of the middle part 3 of the exhaust pipe or are also firmly connected to it. However, the fixed connection can also take place additionally or alternatively in the region of the flange 4 and / or 4 '. It is advantageous, for example, to form a fixed connection between the tubular element 5 and the upstream flange 4 by means of the holder element 9, while the holder elements merely abut the downstream flange 4 'and serve as spacers. As a result, an axial freedom of movement of the flexible middle part 3 of the exhaust pipe relative to the tubular element 5 is maintained, whereby mechanical stresses are avoided.
In Fig. 4 ist eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des Reduktionsmittelzugabesystems 1 dargestellt, wobei die entsprechenden Bauteile, soweit sie mit den Teilen der Fig. 1 bis 3 übereinstimmen, durch dieselben Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet sind. Dabei sind aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit in der bezüglich der Abgasleitung radial oberen Hälfte Bauteile dargestellt, welche in der unteren Hälfte nicht eingezeichnet sind und umgekehrt.FIG. 4 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1, the corresponding components, insofar as they correspond to the parts of FIGS. 1 to 3, being identified by the same reference symbols. For reasons of clarity, these are in the radially upper half with respect to the exhaust pipe Components shown, which are not shown in the lower half and vice versa.
Das in Fig. 4 dargestellte Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem 1 unterscheidet sich von dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten hauptsächlich durch die Ausführungsform des Rohrelements 5, das eine Heizwicklung 10 und ausgangsseitig eine Abrisskante 11 aufweist. Zu erkennen ist ferner ein als schlanker Steg 9 ausgeführtes Halterelement sowie die Ausführung des Abgasleitungsmittelteils 3 als Wellschlauch. Die Befestigung des Rohrelements 5 über den Steg 9 erfolgt hier am Flansch 4 , sie kann jedoch auch an einem Flansch 4a des Abgasleitungs- endstücks 2 erfolgen. Die Beheizung ist hier als an der Auslassseite um das Rohrelement 5 gewickelter elektrischer Heizdraht ausgeführt. Die Beheizung kann jedoch selbstverständlich über die gesamte Länge des Rohrelements 5 vorgesehen sein. Die endseitig am Rohrelement 5 vorgesehene Abrisskante 11 unterstützt die Vermischung des aus dem Rohrelement 5 austretenden Abgas-Reduktionsmittelgemisches mit dem von radial außen zuströmenden Abgas .The reducing agent addition system 1 shown in FIG. 4 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 mainly in the embodiment of the tubular element 5, which has a heating winding 10 and a tear-off edge 11 on the output side. Also recognizable is a holder element designed as a slender web 9 and the design of the exhaust gas conduit part 3 as a corrugated hose. The tubular element 5 is fastened here via the web 9 to the flange 4, but it can also be attached to a flange 4a of the exhaust pipe end piece 2. The heating is designed here as an electrical heating wire wound around the tubular element 5 on the outlet side. However, the heating can of course be provided over the entire length of the tubular element 5. The tear-off edge 11 provided on the end of the tubular element 5 supports the mixing of the exhaust-gas reducing agent mixture emerging from the tubular element 5 with the exhaust gas flowing in radially from the outside.
Vorteilhaft ist die feste Verbindung des Rohrelements 5 mit dem Flansch 4 der Abgasleitung oder mit dem Flansch 4a des Abgas1eitungsendstücks 2 , da diese vergleichsweise massiv ausgeführt sind und sich damit eine zuverlässige Lagestabilisierung des Rohrelements 5 ergibt. Obschon der zur Befestigung des Rohrelements 5 dienende Steg 9 hier gerade ausgeführt ist und sich in Richtung der Abgasströmung erstreckt, kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn dieser gekrümmt, beispielsweise in Form einer Leitschaufel ausgeführt ist.. Dadurch kann das den Steg 9 umströmende Abgas eine Verwirbe- lung erfahren oder einen Drall erhalten, wodurch ein verbesserter Wärmeübergang und eine verbesserte Vermischung des Reduktionsmittels mit dem Abgas erreicht wird. Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Stabilität kann für das Rohrelement 5 im Übergangsbereich zum Steg 9 eine Verstärkung vorgesehen sein.The fixed connection of the tubular element 5 to the flange 4 of the exhaust pipe or to the flange 4a of the exhaust pipe end piece 2 is advantageous, since these are comparatively solid and thus result in a reliable position stabilization of the tubular element 5. Although the web 9 used to fasten the tubular element 5 is straight here and extends in the direction of the exhaust gas flow, it can be advantageous if it is curved, for example in the form of a guide vane. As a result, the exhaust gas flowing around the web 9 can swirl - Experience lung or get a swirl, whereby an improved heat transfer and an improved mixing of the reducing agent with the exhaust gas is achieved. to A further improvement in stability can be provided for the tubular element 5 in the transition area to the web 9.
In Fig. 5 ist eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des Reduktionsmittelzugabesystems 1 dargestellt, wobei die Art der Darstellung der in Fig. 4 entspricht und die entsprechenden Bauteile, soweit sie mit den Teilen der Fig. 4 übereinstimmen, durch dieselben Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet sind. Die in Fig. 5 dargestellte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich im Wesentlichen von der der Fig. 4 durch die Ausführung des Rohrelements 5 sowie dessen Befestigung.FIG. 5 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the reducing agent addition system 1, the type of representation corresponding to that in FIG. 4 and the corresponding components, insofar as they correspond to the parts in FIG. 4, being identified by the same reference numerals. The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 essentially differs from that of FIG. 4 by the design of the tubular element 5 and its attachment.
Das Rohrelement 5 ist hier wenigstens abschnittsweise doppelwandig ausgeführt, wobei der Zwischenraum der Aufnahme der Heizwicklung 10 dient. Diese steht somit nicht direkt in Kontakt mit dem Abgas, wodurch ihre Haltbarkeit erhöht ist. Für die Stromzuleitung 14 ist eine Leitungsdurchführung 13 vorgesehen, die an einem Tragrohr 12 des als Wellschlauch oder Wickelschlauch ausgeführten Abgasleitungsmittelteils 3 angeordnet ist. Das Zwischenstück 12 ist mittels einer Rohrschelle 15 am Flansch 4a des Abgasleitungsendstücks 2 befestigt, an dem auch die Zugabedüse 6 für das Reduktionsmittel verschraubt ist. Die entsprechende Verschraubung 16 ist als Durchführung für die Reduktionsmittelzufuhrleitung 17 ausgebildet .The tubular element 5 is double-walled, at least in sections, with the intermediate space serving to accommodate the heating winding 10. It is therefore not in direct contact with the exhaust gas, which increases its durability. A line bushing 13 is provided for the power supply line 14 and is arranged on a support tube 12 of the exhaust gas conduit part 3 designed as a corrugated hose or a winding hose. The intermediate piece 12 is fastened by means of a pipe clamp 15 to the flange 4a of the exhaust pipe end piece 2, to which the addition nozzle 6 for the reducing agent is also screwed. The corresponding screw connection 16 is designed as a bushing for the reducing agent supply line 17.
Es versteht sich, dass die in den bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des Reduktionsmittelzugabesystems 1 dargestellten Merkmale entsprechend kombiniert werden können oder dass für die Bauteile auch andere als die dargestellten Ausführungs- formen eingesetzt werden können. Ferner können andere oder weitere Befestigungsmöglichkeiten für das Rohrelement 5, beispielsweise an der Zugabedüse 6 oder mit einem der Abgasleitungsendstücke 2, 2' vorgesehen sein. Weiter können zusätzliche Bauteile vorhanden sein. Beispielsweise kann die Leiteinrichtung, insbesondere bei Ausführung als Rohrelement, ein der Aufbereitung bzw. Hydrolyse des Reduktionsmittels dienendes Bauteil aufnehmen. It goes without saying that the features shown in the preferred embodiments of the reducing agent addition system 1 can be combined accordingly, or that embodiments other than those shown can also be used for the components. Furthermore, other or further fastening options for the tubular element 5, for example on the addition nozzle 6 or with one of the Exhaust pipe end pieces 2, 2 'may be provided. Additional components may also be present. For example, the guiding device, in particular when embodied as a tubular element, can accommodate a component used for the preparation or hydrolysis of the reducing agent.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem zur Zugabe eines Reduktionsmittels in eine Abgasleitung einer Brennkraftmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem (1) eine im Inneren der Abgasleitung angeordnete Leiteinrichtung (5) umfasst, welche die Innenwand der Abgasleitung wenigstens abschnittsweise abschirmt.1. Reducing agent addition system for adding a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the reducing agent addition system (1) comprises a guide device (5) arranged inside the exhaust pipe, which shields the inner wall of the exhaust pipe at least in sections.
2. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystera nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiteinrichtung (5) ein Abstandshalterelement (9) aufweist, das innen an der Abgasleitung und/oder an einem Flansch (4; 4') der Abgasleitung anliegt und/oder mit diesen fest verbunden ist .2. Reducing agent addition system according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide device (5) has a spacer element (9) which bears against the inside of the exhaust pipe and / or against a flange (4; 4 ') of the exhaust pipe and / or is firmly connected to it is.
3. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiteinrichtung (5) beheizbar ausgeführt ist.3. reducing agent addition system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide device (5) is designed to be heated.
4. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgasleitung wenigstens abschnittsweise als Wellschlauch (3) oder Wickelschlauch (3) ausgebildet ist,4. reducing agent addition system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the exhaust pipe is designed at least in sections as a corrugated hose (3) or a wound hose (3),
5. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiteinrichtung (5) sich über den größten Teil der Wellschlauchlänge oder der Wickelschlauchlänge erstreckt.5. Reductant addition system according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide device (5) extends over the largest part of the corrugated hose length or the wound hose length.
6. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiteinrichtung (5) als Leitblech ausgebildet ist.6. reducing agent addition system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the guide device (5) is designed as a guide plate.
7. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiteinrichtung (5) als Rohrelement ausgebildet ist.7. reducing agent addition system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the guide device (5) is designed as a tubular element.
8. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohrelement (5) koaxial zur Abgasleitung in der Abgasleitung angeordnet ist8. reducing agent addition system according to claim 7, characterized in that the tubular element (5) is arranged coaxially to the exhaust pipe in the exhaust pipe
9. Reduktionsmittelzugabesystem nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohrelement (5) auf seiner gesamten Länge von Abgas umströmbar in der Abgasleitung angeordnet ist. 9. reducing agent addition system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the tubular element (5) is arranged around its entire length of exhaust gas flow around in the exhaust pipe.
PCT/EP2005/004293 2004-04-24 2005-04-21 Reducing agent feeding system WO2005103459A1 (en)

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