WO2002061275A1 - Wind turbine with geometrically variable blades - Google Patents

Wind turbine with geometrically variable blades Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002061275A1
WO2002061275A1 PCT/FR2002/000314 FR0200314W WO02061275A1 WO 2002061275 A1 WO2002061275 A1 WO 2002061275A1 FR 0200314 W FR0200314 W FR 0200314W WO 02061275 A1 WO02061275 A1 WO 02061275A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
blades
fixed
mast
wind generator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2002/000314
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sameh Metry
Original Assignee
Sameh Metry
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0101141A external-priority patent/FR2820172A1/en
Application filed by Sameh Metry filed Critical Sameh Metry
Publication of WO2002061275A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002061275A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/002—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being horizontal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • F05B2240/2212—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis perpendicular to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F05B2240/311—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape flexible or elastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/915—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable
    • F05B2240/9152—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged
    • F05B2240/91521—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged at ground level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine of a technology different from those which have been built so far. This is an essential technical change. For several years, the manufacturers of wind turbines have been seeking to obtain increasingly higher blade tip speeds in order to achieve high powers. They are thus forced to use blades in a limited number and very narrow at their ends, which does not facilitate starting and greatly limits the efficiency of wind turbines at low wind speeds ( ⁇ 6m / sec). Also, in the windiest regions, the useful life at the highest powers does not exceed 35% of the time. This result is considered satisfactory in Europe, but it is clearly insufficient in the African coastal zones for tourist activities or desalination of sea water, as well as for the daily activities of villages in the Sahelian zones. In these regions, it is preferable to have devices of more modest power with an uncomplicated technology, but operating for at least 75% of the time.
  • the aerogenerator itself is made of a horizontal axis supporting at its ends two identical drums. Each of these drums has the same number of blades ranging from 3 to 5.
  • the blades are exposed to the wind; that is to say that the wind direction is perpendicular to the axis of the wind turbine, and each blade collects the wind from the front.
  • the rotation speed is variable.
  • Two brake discs are fixed on this horizontal axis in order to limit its speed variations.
  • the centrifugal force resulting from the efficiency of the blade and the high moment force of the counterweight are capable of turning the wind turbine at low wind speeds.
  • the wind generator according to the invention has two identical drums, each of these drums has the same number of blades, ranging from 3 to 5 in order to ensure the symmetry of the wind generator as well as its stability.
  • the profiles of these blades are assimilated to those of banana leaves with a concept allowing to produce the maximum energy at variable rotation speeds at low wind speeds.
  • the vend strikes each blade from the front but at the same time strikes the profile wind generator contrary to what exists by construction for other wind turbines. According to our invention, the wind hits the wind turbine perpendicular to its central axis. This particularity is one of the original characteristics of this wind turbine.
  • the blades are flexible and made of special materials such as: stainless steel, composite materials, metallic fabrics, etc.
  • inactive the flexibility of the blade allows it to fold itself without being broken, damaged or modified.
  • a flyweight whose weight will be determined experimentally is fixed in order to give a large momentary force which brings additional aid to the wind force to rotate the wind turbine.
  • active the maximum of this force is found in a second half-circumference, called active, where the blades are exposed entirely facing the wind.
  • Each of these blades is open, takes the maximum of its length and becomes rigid
  • Each of these blades is: 1. Rectangular and its length is at least 8 times its width
  • weights of the weights attached to the ends of the blades are equal. But these weights can be changed and replaced by others of higher or lower weight depending on the wind speed and the speed of rotation of the wind generator.
  • vertical fins can be fixed on the central axis next to each drum at two equal distances.
  • the aerogenerator rests on a rectangular or circular platform. Two ball bearings are fixed on this platform so that the central axis of the wind generator which connects the two drums at its ends can rotate easily with a minimum of friction.
  • the central axis of the platform is fixed at its geometric center. This axis is perpendicular to the platform and enters the end far from the ground of the wind turbine mast, in order to exercise its rotations in complete freedom according to the wind direction.
  • the central axis of the wind turbine is always horizontal, unlike the axis of the platform which is always vertical.
  • An electricity generator system is fixed around the horizontal axis of the wind generator.
  • the braking system consists of two discs, which are fixed at two equal distances from the corresponding drums, around the axis of the wind generator. ,
  • the central mast of the wind turbine can be tilted by pivoting on a horizontal axis which crosses the central mast to the length of its length from the ground.
  • This axis rests on a pyramid-shaped support capable of supporting the devices of the wind turbine and all the forces that result from its operation in conditions of strong wind.
  • This horizontal axis is free so that the mast can lean or tilt towards the ground, in order to carry out maintenance maneuvers or to change blades.
  • the diameter of the mast is less than the diameter of its upper part and ends with another circular platform which supports the heavy metal rollers:
  • Heavy metal rollers can be stacked on this platform by being inserted at this end of the mast.
  • the weight of these rollers ensures the stability of the entire wind turbine and its verticality.
  • an additional safety system is intended to block the mast in the vertical position.
  • a rope is attached to the top of the mast to allow it to tip over to the ground gently and safely.
  • Figure (I) is a side view of the wind turbine according to the invention
  • Figure (II) is a partial and simplified front view of the aerogenerator part with 3 blades General description of the device. ( Figure I)
  • the device is made of an aerogenerator located at the top of a mast (8) fixed to the ground by a containment system allowing its inclination.
  • the wind generator is made of two identical drums (2) on which the blades (1) are fixed.
  • the blades (1) are provided, at their end, with metal weights (13).
  • Each drum (2) has, for the sake of balance, the same number of blades (1), ranging from 3 to 5.
  • the drums (2) are located at the ends of a horizontal axis (3), mounted on ball bearings (6) and fixed to a rectangular or circular platform (7) $ ur an axis of rotation (14), are arranged an electricity generating system (4) and a braking system (5) made two electromagnetically controlled discs.
  • the platform (7) is fixed to the upper end of the mast (8) of the wind turbine by means of the vertical axis (14) rotating freely in its housing, provided with ball bearings (17). It is also provided with two control surfaces (15) which orient it by rotation of its support axis (14), so that the horizontal axis (3) of rotation of the drums (2) remains perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
  • the wind turbine mast (8) is fixed (for practical use in an isolated area, difficult to access, in the event of a lack of generally expensive lifting equipment) on a horizontal axis (9) resting on a support metallic (12), at a distance from the ground.
  • the lower part is weighted with a counterweight (10).
  • the horizontal axis (9) for fixing the mast (8) should be located at the union of the lower 1/3 and the upper 2/3 of its length. Any attachment closer to the lower end of the mast (8) increases the weight of the necessary ballast.
  • the mast (8) In operating condition, the mast (8) is locked in the vertical position. For maintenance and possible repairs, it can be tilted in order to bring the platform (7) closer to the ground.
  • They are rectangular, the length and the width being in the ratio of 8. They are flexible and can therefore fold in length on themselves, in stainless steel or in composite material or in metallic fabric.
  • the blades (1) made of stainless steel or composite material require steel wire tensioners (16) connecting the two faces of each blade (1) to the edges of the cylindrical drum (2) in order to limit the curvature of its deformations, stiffen it and keep it open.
  • the blades (1) are provided at their free ends with a removable counterweight (13). The weight of the weights (13) can thus be easily modified according to the state of the wind.
  • the two cylindrical drums (2) rotate together in the same single direction "B".
  • each blade (1) ensures the regularity of the movement: • In the horizontal direction facing the wind, the blade (1) is stretched, the surface minimum wind and maximum angular momentum.
  • This wind turbine is simple to make and maintain thanks to its tilting mast (8).

Abstract

The invention concerns a long-lasting and inexpensive wind turbine for generating electric power. The wind turbine consists of the following systems: two drums (2), blades (1) with balance weights (13), for power generation (4), for braking (5), for fixing (6) and for the tail vane (15) which are fixed about a shaft (3) and on a platform (7) rotating about its vertical shaft (14) which is inserted in a ball-bearing element (17) fixed in the mast (8) which has a horizontal shaft (9) fixed on a device (12). A rope (11) and counterweights (10) are attached to the mast (8). Steel wires (16) link the blades (1) to the drums (2). When the wind strikes the blades (1), a force of the moment is capable of driving the system (4) in rotation. The inventive device dependably supplies individual electric power requirements.

Description

EOLTENNE A PALES GEOMETRIQUEMENT VARIABLES EOLTENNE WITH GEOMETRICALLY VARIABLE BLADES
L'actuelle invention concerne une éolienne d'une technologie différente de celles qui ont été construites jusqu'à présent. C'est un changement essentiel sur le plan technique. Depuis plusieurs années, les constructeurs des éoliennes cherchent à obtenir des vitesses en bout de pale de plus en plus élevées afin d'atteindre des puissances importantes. Ils sont ainsi contraints d'utiliser des pales en nombre restreint et très étroites à leur extrémité, ce qui ne facilite pas les démarrages et limite fortement le rendement de aérogénérateurs aux basses vitesses du vent (< 6m. /sec). Aussi, dans les régions les plus ventées, la durée de fonctionnement utile aux puissances les plus élevées, ne dépasse-t-elle pas 35% du temps. Ce résultat est considéré satisfaisant en Europe, mais il est nettement insuffisant dans les zones côtières africaines pour les activités touristiques ou de dessalage de l'eau de mer, de même que pour les activités journalières des villages des zones sahéliennes. Dans ces régions, il est préférable de disposer d'appareils de puissance plus modeste avec une technologie peu compliquée, mais fonctionnant pendant au moins 75% du temps.The present invention relates to a wind turbine of a technology different from those which have been built so far. This is an essential technical change. For several years, the manufacturers of wind turbines have been seeking to obtain increasingly higher blade tip speeds in order to achieve high powers. They are thus forced to use blades in a limited number and very narrow at their ends, which does not facilitate starting and greatly limits the efficiency of wind turbines at low wind speeds (<6m / sec). Also, in the windiest regions, the useful life at the highest powers does not exceed 35% of the time. This result is considered satisfactory in Europe, but it is clearly insufficient in the African coastal zones for tourist activities or desalination of sea water, as well as for the daily activities of villages in the Sahelian zones. In these regions, it is preferable to have devices of more modest power with an uncomplicated technology, but operating for at least 75% of the time.
L'éolienne proposée est d'une technologie nouvelle et se caractérise par :The proposed wind turbine is of new technology and is characterized by:
• une pale à géométrie variable• a variable geometry blade
• un mât inclinable L' aérogénérateur proprement dit est fait d'un axe horizontal supportant à ses extrémités deux tambours identiques. Chacun de ces tambours possède un même nombre de pales allant de 3 à 5.• a tilting mast The aerogenerator itself is made of a horizontal axis supporting at its ends two identical drums. Each of these drums has the same number of blades ranging from 3 to 5.
Les pales sont exposées au vent ; c'est à dire que la direction du vent est perpendiculaire à l'axe de l' aérogénérateur, et chaque pale collecte le vent de face. La vitesse de rotation est variable. Deux disques de freinage sont fixés sur cet axe horizontal afin de limiter ses variations de vitesses. La force centrifuge résultant du rendement de la pale et l'importante force du moment de la masselotte sont capables de tourner l' aérogénérateur aux faibles vitesses du vent.The blades are exposed to the wind; that is to say that the wind direction is perpendicular to the axis of the wind turbine, and each blade collects the wind from the front. The rotation speed is variable. Two brake discs are fixed on this horizontal axis in order to limit its speed variations. The centrifugal force resulting from the efficiency of the blade and the high moment force of the counterweight are capable of turning the wind turbine at low wind speeds.
L'aérogénérateur selon l'invention possède deux tambours identiques, chacun de ces tambours possède un même nombre de pales, allant de 3 à 5 afin d'assurer la symétrie de l'aérogénérateur ainsi que sa stabilité. Les profiles de ces pales sont assimilées à ceux des feuilles des bananiers avec un concept permettant de produire le maximum d'énergie aux vitesses des rotations variables aux faibles vitesses du vent.The wind generator according to the invention has two identical drums, each of these drums has the same number of blades, ranging from 3 to 5 in order to ensure the symmetry of the wind generator as well as its stability. The profiles of these blades are assimilated to those of banana leaves with a concept allowing to produce the maximum energy at variable rotation speeds at low wind speeds.
Le vend frappe chaque pale de face mais frappe en même temps l'aérogénérateur de profile contrairement a ce qui existe par construction pour les autres aérogénérateurs. Selon notre invention le vent frappe l'aérogénérateur perpendiculairement à son axe central. Cette particularité est une des caractéristiques originales de cette éolienne.The vend strikes each blade from the front but at the same time strikes the profile wind generator contrary to what exists by construction for other wind turbines. According to our invention, the wind hits the wind turbine perpendicular to its central axis. This particularity is one of the original characteristics of this wind turbine.
Les pales sont flexibles et fabriquées en matériaux spéciaux tels que : inox, matières composites, tissus métalliques etc.... Dans une première demi-circonférence de la rotation de l'aérogénérateur, dite inactive, la flexibilité de la pale permet sa pliure sur elle- même sans qu'elle soit cassée, endommagée ou modifiée. A l'extiémité libre de chacune de ces pales une masselotte dont le poids sera déterminé expérimentalement est fixée afin de donner une importante force de moment ce qui apporte une aide supplémentaire à la force de vent pour faire tourner l'aérogénérateur. Le maximum de cette force se trouve dans une deuxième demi-circonférence, dite active où les pales sont exposées entièrement faces au vent. Dans cette Demi-Circonférence active :The blades are flexible and made of special materials such as: stainless steel, composite materials, metallic fabrics, etc. In the first half-circumference of the rotation of the wind generator, called inactive, the flexibility of the blade allows it to fold itself without being broken, damaged or modified. At the free end of each of these blades a flyweight whose weight will be determined experimentally is fixed in order to give a large momentary force which brings additional aid to the wind force to rotate the wind turbine. The maximum of this force is found in a second half-circumference, called active, where the blades are exposed entirely facing the wind. In this active Half-Circumference:
1. Chacune de ces pales est ouverte, prend le maximum de sa longueur et devient rigide,1. Each of these blades is open, takes the maximum of its length and becomes rigid,
2. Avec la masselotte fixée à l'extrémité libre dans cette demi-dirconférence active, une force de moment est générée et doit être plus importante que celle qui est développée dans la demi-circonférence inactive,2. With the counterweight fixed at the free end in this active half-circumference, a momentary force is generated and must be greater than that which is developed in the inactive half-circumference,
3. Chacune de ces pales reste étendue jusqu'à sa position verticale proche du sol. Une fois que la pale a franchi la position verticale la plus proche du sol, elle commence sa pliure sur elle-même et grâce à sa flexibilité sa géométrie varie et adopte la forme d'une courbe. Alors, dans cette Demi-Circonférence inactive : 1. La distance entre la masselotte fixée à la pale et le centre du tambour concerné, est minimale, donc, la force de moment résultant est aussi minimale et inférieure au même type de force produite dans la demi-circonférence active, 2. Ce type de force de moment se produit quand la pale se trouve en mouvement dans cette demi-circonférence inactive jusqu'à la position verticale loin du sol. Quand la pale commence la descente, à partir de la position verticale loin du sol et donc au début de la Demi-Circonférence active, elle frappe brusquement l'air et elle devient tendue et rigide. Ce choc brutal ouvre la pale pour qu'elle devienne prête à recevoir le vent, grâce, essentiellement, à la masselotte fixée à son extrémité libre. Chacune de ces pales est : 1. Rectangulaire et sa longueur est au moins 8 fois sa largeur,3. Each of these blades remains extended to its vertical position close to the ground. Once the blade has crossed the vertical position closest to the ground, it begins to fold on itself and thanks to its flexibility its geometry varies and adopts the shape of a curve. Then, in this inactive Half-Circumference: 1. The distance between the counterweight fixed to the blade and the center of the drum concerned, is minimal, therefore, the resulting momentary force is also minimal and less than the same type of force produced in the active half-circumference, 2. This type of momentary force occurs when the blade is in motion in this inactive half-circumference to the vertical position away from the ground. When the blade begins the descent, from the vertical position far from the ground and therefore at the start of the active Half-Circumference, it suddenly hits the air and it becomes taut and rigid. This brutal shock opens the blade so that it becomes ready to receive the wind, thanks, essentially, to the flyweight attached to its free end. Each of these blades is: 1. Rectangular and its length is at least 8 times its width,
2. Fixée par des files d'acier sur ces deux faces. La longueur de ces fils est déterminée pour qu'elle soit tendue dans une Position et soit flexible a géométrie variable dans une autre position.2. Fixed by steel lines on these two faces. The length of these wires is determined so that it is stretched in one position and is flexible with variable geometry in another position.
Les poids des masselottes fixées aux extrémités des pales sont égaux. Mais ces masselottes peuvent être changées et remplacées par d'autre de poids supérieur ou inférieur selon selon la vitesse de vent et la vitesse de rotation de l'aérogénérateur.The weights of the weights attached to the ends of the blades are equal. But these weights can be changed and replaced by others of higher or lower weight depending on the wind speed and the speed of rotation of the wind generator.
Concernant l'orientation de l'aérogénérateur par rapport au vent, des dérives verticales peuvent être fixées sur l'axe central à côte de chaque tambour à deux distances égales. L'aérogénérateur repose sur une plate-forme rectangulaire ou circulaire. Deux roulements à bille sont fixés sur cette plate-forme pour que l'axe central de l'aérogénérateur qui relie les deux tambours à ses extrémités puisse tourner facilement avec un minimum de frottements. L'axe central de la plate-forme est fixé à son centre géométrique. Cet axe est perpendiculaire à la plate-forme et pénètre dans l'extrémité lointaine du sol du mât de l'éolienne, afin d'exercer ses rotations en toutes libertés selon la direction de vent. L'axe central de l'aérogénérateur est toujours horizontal, contrairement à l'axe de la plate-forme qui est toujours vertical.Regarding the orientation of the wind generator relative to the wind, vertical fins can be fixed on the central axis next to each drum at two equal distances. The aerogenerator rests on a rectangular or circular platform. Two ball bearings are fixed on this platform so that the central axis of the wind generator which connects the two drums at its ends can rotate easily with a minimum of friction. The central axis of the platform is fixed at its geometric center. This axis is perpendicular to the platform and enters the end far from the ground of the wind turbine mast, in order to exercise its rotations in complete freedom according to the wind direction. The central axis of the wind turbine is always horizontal, unlike the axis of the platform which is always vertical.
Un système générateur électricité est fixé autour de l'axe horizontal de l'aérogénérateur.An electricity generator system is fixed around the horizontal axis of the wind generator.
Le système de freinage se compose de deux disques, qui sont fixés à deux distances égales des tambours correspondants, autour de l'axe de l'aérogénérateur. ,The braking system consists of two discs, which are fixed at two equal distances from the corresponding drums, around the axis of the wind generator. ,
Pour l'entretien de l'aérogénérateur, le mât central de l'éolienne peut être incliner en pivotant sur un axe horizontal qui traverse le mât central au tiere de sa longueur en partant du sol. Cet axe repos sur un support en forme de pyramide suseeptible de supporter les dispositifs de l'éolienne et toutes les forces qui résultent de son fonctionnement dans des conditions de vent violent. Cet axe horizontal est libre de façon que le mât puisse se pencher ou basculer vers le sol, afin de procéder à des manœuvres d'entretien ou à des changements de pales. A l'extrémité inférieure, le diamètre du mât est inférieur au diamètre de sa partie supérieure et se termine par une autre plate-forme circulaire qui supporte les galets métalliques lourds :For the maintenance of the wind generator, the central mast of the wind turbine can be tilted by pivoting on a horizontal axis which crosses the central mast to the length of its length from the ground. This axis rests on a pyramid-shaped support capable of supporting the devices of the wind turbine and all the forces that result from its operation in conditions of strong wind. This horizontal axis is free so that the mast can lean or tilt towards the ground, in order to carry out maintenance maneuvers or to change blades. At the lower end, the diameter of the mast is less than the diameter of its upper part and ends with another circular platform which supports the heavy metal rollers:
1. Les galets métalliques lourds peuvent s'empiler sur cette plate-forme en s'inserant à cette extrémité du mât. Le poids de ces galets assurent la stabilité de l'éolienne tout entière et sa verticalité. En plus, un système de sécurité additionnel est destiné à bloquer le mât en position verticale.1. Heavy metal rollers can be stacked on this platform by being inserted at this end of the mast. The weight of these rollers ensures the stability of the entire wind turbine and its verticality. In addition, an additional safety system is intended to block the mast in the vertical position.
2. Une corde est fixée la partie supérieure du mât pour lui permettre de basculer vers le sol doucement et en toute sécurité.2. A rope is attached to the top of the mast to allow it to tip over to the ground gently and safely.
L'enlèvement progressif des galets pendant qu'on tire la corde on facilite en toute sécurité le basculement du mât. Inversement, pour que le mât revienne à la verticale, on ajoute des galets en lâchant en même temps la corde afin de redresser le mât jusqu'à la verticale. Cette technique simple est destinée à réduire les frais d'utilisation de grues ; elle est est facile à mettre en pratique et réduit le temps d'entretien, cela est un des avantages de cette invention.The progressive removal of the rollers while pulling the rope safely facilitates the tilting of the mast. Conversely, so that the mast returns to the vertical, we add rollers while simultaneously letting go of the rope in order to straighten the mast to the vertical. This simple technique is intended to reduce the cost of using cranes; it is easy to put into practice and reduces the maintenance time, this is one of the advantages of this invention.
Les dessins annexés illustrent l'invention : 1. La figure (I) est une vue de profil de l'éolienne, selon l'inventionThe accompanying drawings illustrate the invention: 1. Figure (I) is a side view of the wind turbine according to the invention
2. La figure (II) est une vue de face partielle et simplifiée de la partie aérogénérateur avec 3 pales Description générale de l'appareil. (Figure I)2. Figure (II) is a partial and simplified front view of the aerogenerator part with 3 blades General description of the device. (Figure I)
L'appareil est fait d'un aérogénérateur situé au sommet d'un mât (8) fixé au sol par un système de contention permettant son inclinaison.The device is made of an aerogenerator located at the top of a mast (8) fixed to the ground by a containment system allowing its inclination.
L'aérogénérateur est fait de deux tambours identiques (2) sur lesquels sont fixées les pales (1). Les pales (1) sont munies, à leur extrémité, de masselottes métalliques (13). Chaque tambour (2) possède, dans un souci d'équilibre, un même nombre de pales (1), allant de 3 à 5. Les tambours (2) sont situés aux extrémités d'un axe horizontal (3), monté sur roulements à billes (6) et fixé à une plate-forme rectangulaire ou circulaire (7) $ur un axe de rotation (14), sont disposés un système générateur d'électricité (4) et un système de freinage (5) fait de deux disques à commande électromagnétique.The wind generator is made of two identical drums (2) on which the blades (1) are fixed. The blades (1) are provided, at their end, with metal weights (13). Each drum (2) has, for the sake of balance, the same number of blades (1), ranging from 3 to 5. The drums (2) are located at the ends of a horizontal axis (3), mounted on ball bearings (6) and fixed to a rectangular or circular platform (7) $ ur an axis of rotation (14), are arranged an electricity generating system (4) and a braking system (5) made two electromagnetically controlled discs.
La plate-forme (7) est fixée à l'extrémité supérieure du mât (8) de l'éolienne par l'intermédiaire de l'axe vertical (14) tournant librement dans son logement, muni de roulements à billes (17). Elle est aussi munie de deux gouvernes (15) qui l'orientent par rotation de son axe support (14), afin que l'axe horizontal (3) de rotation des tambours (2) reste perpendiculaire à la direction du vent.The platform (7) is fixed to the upper end of the mast (8) of the wind turbine by means of the vertical axis (14) rotating freely in its housing, provided with ball bearings (17). It is also provided with two control surfaces (15) which orient it by rotation of its support axis (14), so that the horizontal axis (3) of rotation of the drums (2) remains perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
Le mât (8) de l'éolienne, est fixé (pour une utilisation pratique en zone isolée, d'accès difficile, en cas de manque d'équipements de levage en général coûteux) sur un axe horizontal (9) reposant sur un support métallique (12), à distance du sol. La partie inférieure est lestée d'un contrepoids (10). Afin de ne pas trop alourdir les structures, l'axe horizontal (9) de fixation du mât (8) devrait se situer à l'union du 1/3 inférieurs et des 2/3 supérieurs de sa longueur. Toute fixation plus proche de l'extrémité inférieure du mât (8) accroît le poids du lest nécessaire. En état de marche, le mât (8) est verrouillé en position verticale. Pour l'entretien et d'éventuelles réparations, il peut être basculé afin de rapprocher la plate-forme (7) du sol. A l'aide d'une simple corde (11) et au déverrouillage de l'axe horizontal (9) de fixation du mât (8), la manœuvre est aisée. Fonctionnement de l'aérogénérateur. (Figure II) Les pales (1) ont un profil en «feuille de bananier » et, contrairement à ce qui est observé dans les éoliennes traditionnelles, leur axe (3) de rotation n'est pas parallèle mais perpendiculaire à la direction du vent « A ».The wind turbine mast (8) is fixed (for practical use in an isolated area, difficult to access, in the event of a lack of generally expensive lifting equipment) on a horizontal axis (9) resting on a support metallic (12), at a distance from the ground. The lower part is weighted with a counterweight (10). In order not to make the structures too heavy, the horizontal axis (9) for fixing the mast (8) should be located at the union of the lower 1/3 and the upper 2/3 of its length. Any attachment closer to the lower end of the mast (8) increases the weight of the necessary ballast. In operating condition, the mast (8) is locked in the vertical position. For maintenance and possible repairs, it can be tilted in order to bring the platform (7) closer to the ground. Using a simple rope (11) and unlocking the horizontal axis (9) for fixing the mast (8), the operation is easy. Operation of the wind generator. (Figure II) The blades (1) have a "banana leaf" profile and, contrary to what is observed in traditional wind turbines, their axis (3) of rotation is not parallel but perpendicular to the direction of the wind " AT ".
Elles sont rectangulaires, la longueur et la largeur étant dans le rapport de 8. Elles sont flexibles et peuvent donc se plier en longueur sur elle-même, en inox ou en matière composite ou en tissu métallique.They are rectangular, the length and the width being in the ratio of 8. They are flexible and can therefore fold in length on themselves, in stainless steel or in composite material or in metallic fabric.
Les pales (1) en inox ou en matière composite nécessitent des tendeurs en fils d'acier (16) reliant les deux faces de chaque pale (1) aux bords du tambour cylindrique (2) afin de limiter la courbure de ses déformations, de la rigidifier et de la maintenir ouverte. Les pales (1) sont munies à leurs extrémités libres d'une masselotte (13) amovible. Le poids des masselottes (13) peut ainsi être modifié facilement en fonction de l'état du vent. Les deux tambours (2) cylindriques tournent ensembles dans un même et unique sens « B ».The blades (1) made of stainless steel or composite material require steel wire tensioners (16) connecting the two faces of each blade (1) to the edges of the cylindrical drum (2) in order to limit the curvature of its deformations, stiffen it and keep it open. The blades (1) are provided at their free ends with a removable counterweight (13). The weight of the weights (13) can thus be easily modified according to the state of the wind. The two cylindrical drums (2) rotate together in the same single direction "B".
L'association d'une structure souple et d'une masselotte (13) à l'extrémité de chaque pale (1) assure la régularité du mouvement : • En direction horizontale face au vent, la pale (1) est tendue, la surface au vent minimale et le moment cinétique maximal.The association of a flexible structure and a flyweight (13) at the end of each blade (1) ensures the regularity of the movement: • In the horizontal direction facing the wind, the blade (1) is stretched, the surface minimum wind and maximum angular momentum.
• Quand la pale (1) passe de la situation horizontale à la situation verticale, son extrémité étant orientée vers le sol, l'impact du vent sur elle augmente progressivement jusqu'à un maximum et le moment cinétique diminue jusqu'à son minimum.• When the blade (1) goes from the horizontal to the vertical situation, its end being oriented towards the ground, the impact of the wind on it increases gradually to a maximum and the angular momentum decreases to its minimum.
• Quand la pale (1) passe de la position verticale mentionnée ci-dessus à la position horizontale, elle se recourbe par le poids de la masselotte (13) et l'impact du vent diminue progressivement. Le moment cinétique augmente alors mais du fait de la courbure de la pale (1) est moins important que dans la direction diamétralement opposée.• When the blade (1) passes from the vertical position mentioned above to the horizontal position, it bends by the weight of the counterweight (13) and the impact of the wind gradually decreases. The angular momentum then increases but because of the curvature of the blade (1) is less important than in the diametrically opposite direction.
• Quand la pale (1) passe du niveau horizontal mentionné au paragraphe précèdent et monte vers la direction verticale elle progresse vers son incurvation maximale. L'impact du vent est alors pratiquement nul et le moment cinétique minimum.• When the blade (1) passes from the horizontal level mentioned in the previous paragraph and goes up in the vertical direction it progresses towards its maximum curvature. The impact of the wind is then practically zero and the minimum angular momentum.
• Enfin quand la pale (1) redescend vers la position horizontale face au vent elle se redresse brusquement sous l'action de la masselotte (13). La rapidité du redressement apporte une énergie cinétique qui s'ajoute au moment cinétique progressivement croissant et à la force créée par l'impact du vent. Le balancement des actions des forces dynamiques du vent et des variations des moments cinétiques, couplé à l'intervention éventuelle d'actions de freinage (5), assure aux tambours (2) un fonctionnement régulier.• Finally, when the blade (1) descends towards the horizontal position facing the wind, it straightens suddenly under the action of the counterweight (13). The speed of recovery brings kinetic energy which is added to the progressively increasing kinetic moment and to the force created by the impact of the wind. The balancing of the actions of the dynamic forces of the wind and the variations of the angular moments, coupled with the possible intervention of braking actions (5), ensures the drums (2) a regular operation.
Cette éolienne est de réalisation et d'entretien simple grâce à son mât (8) inclinable.This wind turbine is simple to make and maintain thanks to its tilting mast (8).
Elle produit facilement de l'énergie électrique : propre, sans effet secondaire sur l'environnement, renouvelable, bon marché, exploitable dans les zones isolées, et surtout elle fonctionne aux faibles vitesses du vent. It easily produces electrical energy: clean, with no side effect on the environment, renewable, inexpensive, usable in isolated areas, and above all it operates at low wind speeds.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Aérogénérateur à axe horizontal (3) caractérisé en ce qu'il possède deux tambours cylindriques (2) fixés aux deux extrémités de l'axe horizontal (3), chacun de ces tambours possédant entre trois et cinq pales (1) et le nombre des pales (1) fixées sur chacun de ces deux tambours (2) devant être égaux et en ce que, le vent frappe les pales (1) au profil de l'aérogénérateur et perpendiculairement à l'axe central de l'aérogénérateur en amont d'un mât support (8).1) Aerogenerator with horizontal axis (3) characterized in that it has two cylindrical drums (2) fixed at the two ends of the horizontal axis (3), each of these drums having between three and five blades (1) and the number of blades (1) fixed on each of these two drums (2) having to be equal and in that, the wind hits the blades (1) in the profile of the wind generator and perpendicular to the central axis of the wind generator upstream of a support mast (8).
2) Aérogénérateur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les pales (1) sont fixées sur les deux tambours (2) en respectant l'égalité des angles entre deux pales (1) consécutives et en ce qu'à l'extrémité libre de chacune de ces pales (1), une masselotte (13) métallique est fixée, ces masselottes (,13) métalliques sont de masse égale.2) A wind generator according to claim 1 characterized in that the blades (1) are fixed on the two drums (2) respecting the equality of the angles between two blades (1) consecutive and in that at the free end of each of these blades (1), a metal weight (13) is fixed, these metal weights ( , 13) are of equal mass.
3) Aérogénérateur selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que des fils d'acier (16) sont accrochés à différents endroits sur chacune de ces pales (1), afin de maintenir chacune de ces pales (1) en position appropriée en formant une courbe dans une 1èr6 Demi-Circonférence et en restant tendu dans une 2ème Demi-Circonférence. 4) Aérogénérateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisées en ce que des systèmes de types différents sont fixés sur cet aéogénérateur tels qu'un système de fixation, système de freinage, système de gouvernail et/ou système de générateur.3) An aerogenerator according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that steel wires (16) are hung at different places on each of these blades (1), in order to maintain each of these blades (1) in the appropriate position by forming a curve in a 1 èr6 Half-Circumference and remaining taut in a 2 nd Half-Circumference. 4) Wind generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that systems of different types are fixed on this wind generator such as a fixing system, braking system, rudder system and / or generator system.
5) Aérogénérateur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'axe central (3) qui relie les deux tambours cylindriques (2) ensemble tourne dans deux éléments identiques à roulements à billes (6) qui représentent le système de fixation.5) An aerogenerator according to claim 4, characterized in that the central axis (3) which connects the two cylindrical drums (2) together rotates in two identical elements with ball bearings (6) which represent the fixing system.
6) Aérogénérateur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les deux éléments identiques à roulements à billes (6) du système de fixation, permettent à l'axe central (3) de tourner facilement sans vibrations et en toute stabilité avec peu de frottements, ces deux éléments (6) sont placés à distances égales de chaque extrémité respective de l'axe central (3) et aussi ces deux éléments sont fixés sur une plate-forme métallique (7).6) An aerogenerator according to claim 5, characterized in that the two identical elements with ball bearings (6) of the fixing system, allow the central axis (3) to rotate easily without vibrations and in complete stability with little friction , these two elements (6) are placed at equal distances from each respective end of the central axis (3) and also these two elements are fixed on a metal platform (7).
7) Aérogénérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le système de freinage (5), qui assure l'arrêt de l'ensemble de l'aérogénérateur et son immobilité face au vent, est fix autour l'axe central (3), et en ce qu'il se compose de deux disques identiques fixés autour de l'axe central (3), les deux disques sont placés à distances égales de chaque extrémité respective de cet axe central (3) et aussi sont fixés sur une plate-forme métallique (7).7) A wind generator according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the braking system (5), which ensures the stopping of the whole of the wind generator and its immobility facing the wind, is fixed around l the central axis (3), and in that it consists of two identical discs fixed around the central axis (3), the two disks are placed at equal distances from each respective end of said central axis (3) and also are fixed on a metal platform (7).
8) Aérogénérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le système de gouvernail (15), système d'orientation parallèle au vent, se compose de deux gouvernails (15) identiques fixés sur la plate-forme métallique (7), de tel sort qu'ils sont placés à distance égale de chaque extrémité respective de cet axe central (3), ce système de gouvernail (15) d'orientation parallèle au vent guide l'aérogénérateur d'une façon telle que les pales (1) sont toujours exposées au vent.8) A wind generator according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the rudder system (15), orientation system parallel to the wind, consists of two identical rudders (15) fixed on the metal platform (7), so that they are placed at equal distance from each respective end of this central axis (3), this rudder system (15) orientation parallel to the wind guides the wind generator in such a way that the blades (1) are always exposed to the wind.
9) Aérogénérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le système de générateur (4) est fixé autour de l'axe horizontal (3) de l'aérogénérateur et sur la plate-forme métallique (7).9) An aerogenerator according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the generator system (4) is fixed around the horizontal axis (3) of the aerogenerator and on the metal platform (7) .
10) Aérogénérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une plate-forme métallique (7), solide et rectangulaire ou circulaire repose sur un axe vertical (14) placé à son centre géométrique, cet axe vertical (14) pénétrant toujours en au centre de l'extrémité lointaine du sol du mât (8), sa rotation étant assurée par un élément de roulements à bille (17) pour faciliter les mouvements de cette plate-forme métallique (7) à l'intérieur de cette extrémité du mât (8).10) An aerogenerator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a metallic platform (7), solid and rectangular or circular rests on a vertical axis (14) placed at its geometric center, this vertical axis (14 ) always penetrating in the center of the far end of the mast floor (8), its rotation being ensured by an element of ball bearings (17) to facilitate the movements of this metallic platform (7) inside from this end of the mast (8).
11) Aérogénérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le mât (8) de l'éolienne a un axe de rotation (9) horizontal placé près du sol et à 1/3 de la longueur du mât (8), un contrepoids composé de galets métalliques (10) lourds est fixé à l'extrémité du mât (8) prés du sol et une corde (11) suffisamment longue est fixée vers le centre de l'extrémité lointaine du sol du mât (8).11) Wind generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mast (8) of the wind turbine has a horizontal axis of rotation (9) placed close to the ground and 1/3 of the length of the mast (8 ), a counterweight composed of heavy metal rollers (10) is fixed at the end of the mast (8) near the ground and a sufficiently long rope (11) is fixed towards the center of the far end of the mast floor (8 ).
12) Aérogénérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif métallique pyramidal (12), suffisamment solide pour supporter le mât (8), est fixé solidement au sol. 13) Aérogénérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la pale (1) est fabriquée en matériau spécial tel que : inox, matière composite ou tissus métalliques et en ce que des masselottes métalliques (13) identiques sont accrochées à l'extrémité libre de chacune de ces pales (1), ainsi que des fils d'acier (16) relient les deux faces de chaque pale (1) aux bords du tambour cylindrique (2). 12) An aerogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a pyramidal metal device (12), sufficiently solid to support the mast (8), is fixed firmly to the ground. 13) Aerogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the blade (1) is made of special material such as: stainless steel, composite material or metallic fabrics and in that identical metallic weights (13) are attached to the free end of each of these blades (1), as well as steel wires (16) connect the two faces of each blade (1) to the edges of the cylindrical drum (2).
PCT/FR2002/000314 2001-01-29 2002-01-25 Wind turbine with geometrically variable blades WO2002061275A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR01/01141 2001-01-29
FR0101141A FR2820172A1 (en) 2001-01-29 2001-01-29 Wind turbine with variable geometry blades, uses drums with counter-weighted blades to convert wind energy and uses supporting mast that can be lowered to the ground by pulling on a cable, with counterweight to restore to upright position
FR0106547A FR2820173A1 (en) 2001-01-29 2001-05-18 WIND TURBINE WITH GEOMETRICALLY VARIABLE BLADES
FR01/06547 2001-05-18

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WO2002061275A1 true WO2002061275A1 (en) 2002-08-08

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1397031A (en) * 1920-02-10 1921-11-15 Benjamin W Boston Windmill
FR2325822A1 (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-04-22 Germain Fernand High efficiency wind energy converter - has shaped vanes to reduce drag and barrier to shield vanes during contra flow
JPS5517658A (en) * 1978-07-25 1980-02-07 Kobayashi Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Wind pressure generator facing wind force
DE19629168C1 (en) * 1996-07-19 1997-10-30 Voith Turbo Kg Wind turbine with tower, gondola, and brake
WO1999013220A1 (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-18 Theodorus Istvan Van Bakkum Wind turbine mounted on buoyant wing kite
US6069409A (en) * 1998-09-08 2000-05-30 Fowler; Benjamin P. Wind powered generator apparatus
WO2000036299A1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Obec Domanín Facility for using wind energy

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1397031A (en) * 1920-02-10 1921-11-15 Benjamin W Boston Windmill
FR2325822A1 (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-04-22 Germain Fernand High efficiency wind energy converter - has shaped vanes to reduce drag and barrier to shield vanes during contra flow
JPS5517658A (en) * 1978-07-25 1980-02-07 Kobayashi Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Wind pressure generator facing wind force
DE19629168C1 (en) * 1996-07-19 1997-10-30 Voith Turbo Kg Wind turbine with tower, gondola, and brake
WO1999013220A1 (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-18 Theodorus Istvan Van Bakkum Wind turbine mounted on buoyant wing kite
US6069409A (en) * 1998-09-08 2000-05-30 Fowler; Benjamin P. Wind powered generator apparatus
WO2000036299A1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Obec Domanín Facility for using wind energy

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 049 (M - 007) 15 April 1980 (1980-04-15) *

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