WO2001042647A2 - Wind turbine rotor, and hub and extender therefor - Google Patents

Wind turbine rotor, and hub and extender therefor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001042647A2
WO2001042647A2 PCT/NL2000/000872 NL0000872W WO0142647A2 WO 2001042647 A2 WO2001042647 A2 WO 2001042647A2 NL 0000872 W NL0000872 W NL 0000872W WO 0142647 A2 WO0142647 A2 WO 0142647A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
hub
coupling means
wind turbine
coupling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2000/000872
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001042647A3 (en
Inventor
Hendrik Jan Heerkes
Ralf Roger Scherer
Original Assignee
Aerpac Holding B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aerpac Holding B.V. filed Critical Aerpac Holding B.V.
Priority to AU25580/01A priority Critical patent/AU773676B2/en
Priority to EP00989036A priority patent/EP1238196A2/en
Publication of WO2001042647A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001042647A2/en
Publication of WO2001042647A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001042647A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0691—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/14—Casings, housings, nacelles, gondels or the like, protecting or supporting assemblies there within
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F05B2240/9121—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower on a lattice tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/913—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a mast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/04—Composite, e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotor for a wind turbine, which wind turbine comprises : a support construction, for instance a post, a column or a spatial tube construction; and a generator supported by this support construction and having an outward protruding horizontal shaft which is rotatably mounted and carries a generator rotor forming part of the generator; which rotor comprises the following rotor parts : a hub with first coupling means for releasable rigid coupling of the hub in coaxial relation to the end of the shaft ; and a number of blades which are coupled rigidly and releasably to the hub by means of respective second coupling means via the ends of their respective blade roots .
  • the hub of a known wind turbine rotor is embodied in cast iron.
  • the rotor according to the invention has the special feature that the hub and each blade root consists of composite material .
  • the main function of the hub is to carry the bending moments introduced at the blade flanges and to transfer the torsional moment through the shaft flange to the drive train unit.
  • An access hole is necessary for mounting and maintenance .
  • the root section of rotor blades are usually made of composite materials, thus a composite cylinder is connected to the hub flange.
  • the metal flange connects with nearly the same geometry this cylinder to a metal part, thus resulting in a big increase of stiffness.
  • a composite material is defined as a material comprising at least two components with mutually differing properties, particularly in respect of strength and rigidity. There also exist composite materials comprising a fibre reinforcement embedded in a plastic mass or matrix.
  • a specific embodiment of the rotor according to the invention has the special feature that the second coupling means comprise an extender, both ends of which can be rigidly and releasably coupled to the hub and the end of the relevant blade root by means of third and fourth coupling means, which extender consists of composite material.
  • An extender is an element for arranging between a blade root and the root of a rotor blade whereby the effective rotor diameter will be increased while maintaining the blade lengths, thus increasing the swept area and consequently the energy production.
  • a prerequisite here is that the generator and the blades have a sufficient electrical and mechanical capacity.
  • a specific embodiment has the special feature that the hub has a central hole for accommodating the end of the shaft.
  • a very light but nevertheless strong construction can be obtained with an embodiment in which the hub is hollow and the central hole is bounded by a cylindrical bush.
  • the hub consists of mutually adhered hub parts.
  • the rotor can in accordance with a particular aspect of the invention have the special feature that the hub comprises two mutually adhered shells and said bush, which bush is adhered to at least one of the shells by a number of shores, which shores consist of composite material .
  • the rotor can in accordance with an aspect of the invention have the special feature in the latter embodiment that the cylinder comprises an inner cylinder adhered to the one shell and an outer cylinder adhered to the other shell.
  • the rotor can also be designed such that the shells are mutually adhered along a plane extending substantially transversely of the axis of the hub.
  • the above discussed rotor with the hub consisting of diverse components also has the advantage compared to cast iron that the hollow form can be realized by assembling a number of components.
  • Composite materials can be adhered to each other relatively simply and with a great strength and lifespan, for instance with glue or a welding process. Such' an adhesion has been found to be very reliable in other applications.
  • a known cast iron hub consists of a substantially homogeneous cast iron mass. The local mechanical properties cannot therefore vary from place to place. As a result the rotor must generally be overdimensioned such that it complies with stringent safety margins .
  • the invention provides in accordance with a particular aspect a rotor in which the composite material of the relevant rotor part is a plastic matrix and a reinforcement of fibres embedded therein, wherein the density and direction of the fibres are chosen such that at every position the rotor part complies with requirements set on the basis of predicted mechanical loads in respect of mechanical strength, rigidity and damping.
  • the rotor can satisfy very stringent safety requirements and nevertheless be of very light construction.
  • a rotor according to the invention can for instance be optimized by mechanical analyses, on the basis of which the density and direction of the fibres can be locally chosen in optimal manner.
  • the wall thickness can be reduced locally in areas of lower load. Use of the above stated shores can make a substantial contribution to the lower weight of the rotor.
  • the rotor has the special feature that the first, second, third and/or fourth coupling means comprise screw bolts and nuts co-acting therewith which engage on the respective two rotor parts for mutual coupling .
  • the rotor preferably has the special feature that the screw bolts are ordered in an annular configuration.
  • the annular form can correspond in particular to a general circle shape.
  • the variant is recommended in this respect wherein the screw bolts extend in the direction of the local tensile force during operation of the wind turbine such that they are subjected only to respective tensile forces .
  • the rotor can have the special feature that said coupling means comprise flange means placed between the rotor parts for mutual coupling, in particular an annular flange, wherein said two rotor parts are each coupled to the flange means with an individual annular configuration of screw bolts, both of which configurations are substantially placed concentrically.
  • the invention further relates to a hub for a wind turbine rotor of the described type .
  • This hub consists according to the invention of composite material.
  • the invention likewise relates to an extender as specified above for a wind turbine rotor according to the invention.
  • This extender also consists of composite material . The following considerations are applicable:
  • an iron hub can be easily substituted by a composite hub (exchangeability of blades) - using composite material means not only a simple material substitution.
  • the composite part is a consequence of the consideration of . design
  • the lay-up direction of the composite hub can be tailoring according to the stress flow in the hub. Furthermore, the wall thickness can be minimized in regions of minor loading.
  • the design with composite also allows to introduce stiffeners, in order to achieve a high stiffness/weight ratio.
  • This rotor system consists of: . rotor blades
  • blade root extenders (in order to increase the swept area using the same blades)
  • blade root adapters in order to allow the installation of blades and hubs with different pitch circle diameters
  • hub All these components can be made of composite materials.
  • the complete rotating system can be made of the same material. This influences especially the system dynamics (moment of inertia, mass, material damping, and material structural stiffness) and the noise emission (transfer of structural born noise from the drive train unit through the hub to the rotor blades) .
  • the hub stiffness is essential for both static and dynamic behaviour of the complete rotor system. For example, a minimum stiffness in flapwise direction is required for maintaining a minimum distance between the blade tip and the tower in the maximum static load case (extreme load while the turbine is running) . Additional, the dynamic movements of one blade should not be transferred to other blades, as the hub is the foundation of the dynamic component rotor blade. Thus, from the system dynamic point of view, the stiffness/flexibility has to be optimised so that the rotor does not suffer from large vibrations in resonance situations. Large movements, expressed by a high flexibility, allow the dynamic system "rotor" to react more smoothly to extreme loading, for example gusts, which is usually known by teetering hubs.
  • E 21.000 MPa for glass fibre/epoxy composites
  • E 170.000 Mpa for GGG 40
  • figure 1 shows a perspective view of a wind turbine according to the invention
  • figure 2 shows a partly cut-away perspective view of an essential part of the rotor as indicated with II in figure 1
  • figure 3 shows a cut-away perspective view of detail III of figure 2
  • figure 4 is a cut-away perspective view of another embodiment of a hub according to the invention
  • figure 5 is a broken-away perspective view of detail V of figure 4
  • figure 6 shows in partly broken-away perspective view a hub with three blade roots coupled thereto
  • figure 7 is a cut-away perspective view of detail VII of figure 6
  • figure 8 shows a schematic perspective view of a part of a rotor according to the invention, wherein the constituent parts are shown for the sake of clarity at some mutual distance
  • figure 9 shows in perspective view two shells for manufacturing a hub
  • figure 10 is a perspective view of a shell with a central bush adhered thereto
  • figure 11 is a perspective view of the shell with the bush of figure 10, wherein
  • Figure 1 shows a wind turbine 1 comprising a support construction 2 embodied as a post, an electrical generator 3 supported thereby and having a shaft (not shown) which carries a hub 4, to which hub three blades 5 are connected in angularly equidistant relation.
  • FIG. 2 shows hub 4. This takes a hollow form and carries blades 5 via blade roots 6. On the front of hub 4 is situated a hole 7 through which the interior of the hub is accessible. On the rear of the hub is likewise situated a hole, which is designated 8 and surrounded by a ring or holes 9. Generator shaft 10 bears on its end a flange 11 with a ring of holes 12 which can be placed in register with the ring or holes 9. Coupling bolts can be placed through the respective holes 9 and 12 to couple hub 4 to flange 11.
  • Blade roots 6 are coupled to hub 4 in analogous manner.
  • Each blade root bears a T-bolt 13 (see figure 3) .
  • This is a bolt which co-acts with an associated insert 14 in root 6, which insert 14 is provided with a threaded hole for coupling to bolt 13.
  • the bolt 13 co-acts with a nut 15 extending in the inner cavity of hub 4.
  • a ring of holes 16 is arranged in the hub round the three respective holes 17. Arranging and tightening of said fixing bolts and nuts can take place via hole 7.
  • Hub 4 consists of composite material, as does blade root 6.
  • FIG 4 shows a hub 17 which takes a completely hollow form.
  • hub 17 In order to accommodate the end of a generator shaft (not shown) , hub 17 has a central bush 18 comprising an outer bush 19 and an inner bush 20.
  • Hub 17 consists of two shells 21,22 as will be described below with reference to figures 9,10,11 and 12. Shells 21,22 are mutually adhered via a plane extending transversely of the rotation axis 23 of hub 17. This corresponds with the adhesion seams designated 24.
  • a blade root 25 is connected to hub 17.
  • the bush 18, or at least the inner bush 20 thereof is, for the present invention, regarded as a separate component from the hub 17. Therefore it can be manufactured from metal, steel or the like. It can also have a different shape in cross section, for example square, triangular, etc.
  • Figure 5 shows the manner in which the respective diameters of respective holes 117' and blade roots 25 are adapted to each other.
  • Figure 6 shows a hub 29, of which the parts 31 directed toward blade roots 30 take a form such that they connect smoothly onto these blade roots 30.
  • Figure 7 shows the T-bolt construction with which blade roots 30 are fixed to said parts 31.
  • said end parts 31 are provided with continuous holes in which is accommodated a support element 32 provided with a continuous hole.
  • support element 32 is mechanically strong, being manufactured for instance from steel .
  • insert 14 it serves to distribute the tensile force in bolt 13 over the available surface, i.e. the surfaces directed towards each other of insert 14 and support element 13. It is noted that the shown structure is very suitable due to the high mechanical strength of the applied composite materials for both hub 29 and blade root 30.
  • Figure 8 shows schematically the structure shown in figure 2, wherein the blades are effectively lengthened by applying the respective extenders 33. These latter are likewise manufactured from composite material and can be coupled rigidly and releasably in any appropriate manner to hub 4 on one side and the associated blade root 6 on the other. Extenders 33 can for instance be coupled to hub 4 in the manner shown in figure 3, while the coupling to blade root 6 is for instance embodied in the manner shown in figure 7.
  • Figure 9 shows the two shells 21 and 22 as according to figure 4.
  • Figure 10 shows that inner bush 20 is adhered to shell 22.
  • Figure 11 shows that shores 33 are adhered between shell 22 and inner bush 20. This results in a substantial stiffening and strengthening while retaining the low weight .
  • shells 21,22 can be permanently coupled to each other along the plane defined by adhesion seams 24 as according to figure 4.
  • the hub 17 is finished. It is noted that the mention of the required holes has been omitted in this description, for which aspect reference is made to for instance figure 4.
  • the bush described above and shown in figs. 4 and 10 is not necessarily considered a part of the hub, but rather as a coupling for arranging the hub on the generator shaft which is for instance shown - in a different attachment configuration - in fig. 2. Therefore the bush can, contrary to the hub according to the invention, be manufactured from metal, steel, etc. The bush can also have a different cross section shape than circular, e.g. square, triangular, etc.

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotor for a wind turbine, which wind turbine comprises: a support construction, for instance a post, a column or a spatial tube construction; and a generator supported by this support construction and having an outward protruding horizontal shaft which is rotatably mounted and carries a generator rotor forming part of the generator; which rotor comprises the following rotor parts: a hub with first coupling means for releasable rigid coupling of the hub in coaxial relation to the end of the shaft; and a number of blades which are coupled rigidly and releasably to the hub by means of respective second coupling means via the ends of their respective blade roots; wherein the hub and each blade root consist of composite material.

Description

WIND TURBINE ROTOR, AND HUB AND EXTENDER THEREFOR
The invention relates to a rotor for a wind turbine, which wind turbine comprises : a support construction, for instance a post, a column or a spatial tube construction; and a generator supported by this support construction and having an outward protruding horizontal shaft which is rotatably mounted and carries a generator rotor forming part of the generator; which rotor comprises the following rotor parts : a hub with first coupling means for releasable rigid coupling of the hub in coaxial relation to the end of the shaft ; and a number of blades which are coupled rigidly and releasably to the hub by means of respective second coupling means via the ends of their respective blade roots .
The hub of a known wind turbine rotor is embodied in cast iron.
The drawback of a cast iron hub, particularly for large rotors, is that they are very heavy due to the nature of the material and the necessary mechanical properties and safety margins. It is an object of the invention to embody a rotor for a wind turbine such that, with retention and even improvement of the required mechanical properties and while retaining the required safety margins, it can be substantially lighter and can be manufactured more cheaply.
It is another object of the invention to embody a rotor such that it is interchangeable with existing cast iron rotors without adaptation. In respect of the above the rotor according to the invention has the special feature that the hub and each blade root consists of composite material .
The main function of the hub is to carry the bending moments introduced at the blade flanges and to transfer the torsional moment through the shaft flange to the drive train unit.
It is important to split the function of the hub for : a) bending moment and b) torsion moment considering following design rules:
* optimising the outer shell for the bending moments between the blade flanges and the main shaft flange;
* tailoring of the outer shell with adequate lay-up to the stress flow
* minimizing laminate thickness so that ideally all areas have the same stress level, thus utilizing the material homogeneously, and avoiding stress concentrations .
An access hole is necessary for mounting and maintenance .
The root section of rotor blades are usually made of composite materials, thus a composite cylinder is connected to the hub flange. The metal flange connects with nearly the same geometry this cylinder to a metal part, thus resulting in a big increase of stiffness.
There exist basically three design concepts: . ball geometry
. triangle geometry . ball with integrated extenders A composite material is defined as a material comprising at least two components with mutually differing properties, particularly in respect of strength and rigidity. There also exist composite materials comprising a fibre reinforcement embedded in a plastic mass or matrix.
A specific embodiment of the rotor according to the invention has the special feature that the second coupling means comprise an extender, both ends of which can be rigidly and releasably coupled to the hub and the end of the relevant blade root by means of third and fourth coupling means, which extender consists of composite material.
An extender is an element for arranging between a blade root and the root of a rotor blade whereby the effective rotor diameter will be increased while maintaining the blade lengths, thus increasing the swept area and consequently the energy production. A prerequisite here is that the generator and the blades have a sufficient electrical and mechanical capacity.
The use of composite material for the hub and blade roots has the further advantage compared to cast iron that a composite material is not subject to corrosion.
A specific embodiment has the special feature that the hub has a central hole for accommodating the end of the shaft. A very light but nevertheless strong construction can be obtained with an embodiment in which the hub is hollow and the central hole is bounded by a cylindrical bush.
Easy to manufacture is an embodiment wherein the hub consists of mutually adhered hub parts.
In order to achieve a great mechanical rigidity and strength the rotor can in accordance with a particular aspect of the invention have the special feature that the hub comprises two mutually adhered shells and said bush, which bush is adhered to at least one of the shells by a number of shores, which shores consist of composite material . Likewise in order to increase mechanical strength and rigidity, the rotor can in accordance with an aspect of the invention have the special feature in the latter embodiment that the cylinder comprises an inner cylinder adhered to the one shell and an outer cylinder adhered to the other shell. The rotor can also be designed such that the shells are mutually adhered along a plane extending substantially transversely of the axis of the hub.
The above discussed rotor with the hub consisting of diverse components also has the advantage compared to cast iron that the hollow form can be realized by assembling a number of components. Composite materials can be adhered to each other relatively simply and with a great strength and lifespan, for instance with glue or a welding process. Such' an adhesion has been found to be very reliable in other applications. A known cast iron hub consists of a substantially homogeneous cast iron mass. The local mechanical properties cannot therefore vary from place to place. As a result the rotor must generally be overdimensioned such that it complies with stringent safety margins .
In contrast to this known art the invention provides in accordance with a particular aspect a rotor in which the composite material of the relevant rotor part is a plastic matrix and a reinforcement of fibres embedded therein, wherein the density and direction of the fibres are chosen such that at every position the rotor part complies with requirements set on the basis of predicted mechanical loads in respect of mechanical strength, rigidity and damping. With this embodiment the rotor can satisfy very stringent safety requirements and nevertheless be of very light construction. A rotor according to the invention can for instance be optimized by mechanical analyses, on the basis of which the density and direction of the fibres can be locally chosen in optimal manner. In addition, using for instance casting techniques and special moulds, the wall thickness can be reduced locally in areas of lower load. Use of the above stated shores can make a substantial contribution to the lower weight of the rotor.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention the rotor has the special feature that the first, second, third and/or fourth coupling means comprise screw bolts and nuts co-acting therewith which engage on the respective two rotor parts for mutual coupling .
In this embodiment the rotor preferably has the special feature that the screw bolts are ordered in an annular configuration. The annular form can correspond in particular to a general circle shape.
The variant is recommended in this respect wherein the screw bolts extend in the direction of the local tensile force during operation of the wind turbine such that they are subjected only to respective tensile forces .
In order to enable realization of for instance a diameter transition, the rotor can have the special feature that said coupling means comprise flange means placed between the rotor parts for mutual coupling, in particular an annular flange, wherein said two rotor parts are each coupled to the flange means with an individual annular configuration of screw bolts, both of which configurations are substantially placed concentrically.
The invention further relates to a hub for a wind turbine rotor of the described type . This hub consists according to the invention of composite material.
The invention likewise relates to an extender as specified above for a wind turbine rotor according to the invention. This extender also consists of composite material . The following considerations are applicable:
- integration of rotor blades, blade root, extender, blade flange and hub into one system with the composite material - maintaining the same allowable external forces on the blade flanges, an iron hub can be easily substituted by a composite hub (exchangeability of blades) - using composite material means not only a simple material substitution. The composite part is a consequence of the consideration of . design
. production methods . material properties.
Taking into account the excellent properties in fibre direction, the lay-up direction of the composite hub can be tailoring according to the stress flow in the hub. Furthermore, the wall thickness can be minimized in regions of minor loading. The design with composite also allows to introduce stiffeners, in order to achieve a high stiffness/weight ratio.
Also, it is quite common to use steel extenders, which are quite expensive, to enlarge the rotor diameter.
Here, the innovative idea is to define a complete rotor system. This rotor system consists of: . rotor blades
. blade root extenders (in order to increase the swept area using the same blades) ,
. blade root adapters (in order to allow the installation of blades and hubs with different pitch circle diameters) . hub All these components can be made of composite materials. Thus, the complete rotating system can be made of the same material. This influences especially the system dynamics (moment of inertia, mass, material damping, and material structural stiffness) and the noise emission (transfer of structural born noise from the drive train unit through the hub to the rotor blades) .
The hub stiffness is essential for both static and dynamic behaviour of the complete rotor system. For example, a minimum stiffness in flapwise direction is required for maintaining a minimum distance between the blade tip and the tower in the maximum static load case (extreme load while the turbine is running) . Additional, the dynamic movements of one blade should not be transferred to other blades, as the hub is the foundation of the dynamic component rotor blade. Thus, from the system dynamic point of view, the stiffness/flexibility has to be optimised so that the rotor does not suffer from large vibrations in resonance situations. Large movements, expressed by a high flexibility, allow the dynamic system "rotor" to react more smoothly to extreme loading, for example gusts, which is usually known by teetering hubs. For example, the flange section of a standard cast iron hub is about eight times stiffer (product E x 1) than the composite blade root section, only taking into account the different Young's modulus (E = 21.000 MPa for glass fibre/epoxy composites and E = 170.000 Mpa for GGG 40), while the moment of inertia I is approximately the same. For the interesting phenomenon called "edgewise vibrations", the optimisation of the hub stiffness in edgewise direction can contribute, together with improved material damping, to a reduction of problems in this area.
The invention will now be elucidated with reference to the annexed drawings. Herein: figure 1 shows a perspective view of a wind turbine according to the invention; figure 2 shows a partly cut-away perspective view of an essential part of the rotor as indicated with II in figure 1; figure 3 shows a cut-away perspective view of detail III of figure 2; figure 4 is a cut-away perspective view of another embodiment of a hub according to the invention; figure 5 is a broken-away perspective view of detail V of figure 4; figure 6 shows in partly broken-away perspective view a hub with three blade roots coupled thereto; figure 7 is a cut-away perspective view of detail VII of figure 6; figure 8 shows a schematic perspective view of a part of a rotor according to the invention, wherein the constituent parts are shown for the sake of clarity at some mutual distance; figure 9 shows in perspective view two shells for manufacturing a hub; figure 10 is a perspective view of a shell with a central bush adhered thereto; figure 11 is a perspective view of the shell with the bush of figure 10, wherein the construction is strengthened by shores; figure 12 is a perspective view of a finished hub.
Figure 1 shows a wind turbine 1 comprising a support construction 2 embodied as a post, an electrical generator 3 supported thereby and having a shaft (not shown) which carries a hub 4, to which hub three blades 5 are connected in angularly equidistant relation.
Figure 2 shows hub 4. This takes a hollow form and carries blades 5 via blade roots 6. On the front of hub 4 is situated a hole 7 through which the interior of the hub is accessible. On the rear of the hub is likewise situated a hole, which is designated 8 and surrounded by a ring or holes 9. Generator shaft 10 bears on its end a flange 11 with a ring of holes 12 which can be placed in register with the ring or holes 9. Coupling bolts can be placed through the respective holes 9 and 12 to couple hub 4 to flange 11.
Blade roots 6 are coupled to hub 4 in analogous manner. Each blade root bears a T-bolt 13 (see figure 3) . This is a bolt which co-acts with an associated insert 14 in root 6, which insert 14 is provided with a threaded hole for coupling to bolt 13. On the other side the bolt 13 co-acts with a nut 15 extending in the inner cavity of hub 4. For this purpose a ring of holes 16 is arranged in the hub round the three respective holes 17. Arranging and tightening of said fixing bolts and nuts can take place via hole 7.
Hub 4 consists of composite material, as does blade root 6.
Figure 4 shows a hub 17 which takes a completely hollow form. In order to accommodate the end of a generator shaft (not shown) , hub 17 has a central bush 18 comprising an outer bush 19 and an inner bush 20. Hub 17 consists of two shells 21,22 as will be described below with reference to figures 9,10,11 and 12. Shells 21,22 are mutually adhered via a plane extending transversely of the rotation axis 23 of hub 17. This corresponds with the adhesion seams designated 24.
A blade root 25 is connected to hub 17.
The bush 18, or at least the inner bush 20 thereof is, for the present invention, regarded as a separate component from the hub 17. Therefore it can be manufactured from metal, steel or the like. It can also have a different shape in cross section, for example square, triangular, etc.
Figure 5 shows the manner in which the respective diameters of respective holes 117' and blade roots 25 are adapted to each other.
Use is made of an annular flange 26 which is coupled respectively to hub 17 and each blade root 25 by means of respective rings of T-bolts 27. The specification of the T-bolt structure has already been given with reference to figures 2 and 3.
Attention is drawn to a difference between the structure of figure 3 and that of figure 5. Bolts 13 according to figure 3 are in principle only under strain of tension in their axial direction. In the structure according to figure 5 it is not possible as a result of the different diameters of the rings 27 and 28 to prevent a torque being exerted on annular flange 26 in combination with a lateral force component on bolts 13.
Figure 6 shows a hub 29, of which the parts 31 directed toward blade roots 30 take a form such that they connect smoothly onto these blade roots 30.
Figure 7 shows the T-bolt construction with which blade roots 30 are fixed to said parts 31. said end parts 31 are provided with continuous holes in which is accommodated a support element 32 provided with a continuous hole. Similarly to the rod-like elements 14, support element 32 is mechanically strong, being manufactured for instance from steel . Just as insert 14 , it serves to distribute the tensile force in bolt 13 over the available surface, i.e. the surfaces directed towards each other of insert 14 and support element 13. It is noted that the shown structure is very suitable due to the high mechanical strength of the applied composite materials for both hub 29 and blade root 30.
Figure 8 shows schematically the structure shown in figure 2, wherein the blades are effectively lengthened by applying the respective extenders 33. These latter are likewise manufactured from composite material and can be coupled rigidly and releasably in any appropriate manner to hub 4 on one side and the associated blade root 6 on the other. Extenders 33 can for instance be coupled to hub 4 in the manner shown in figure 3, while the coupling to blade root 6 is for instance embodied in the manner shown in figure 7.
Figure 9 shows the two shells 21 and 22 as according to figure 4.
Figure 10 shows that inner bush 20 is adhered to shell 22.
Figure 11 shows that shores 33 are adhered between shell 22 and inner bush 20. This results in a substantial stiffening and strengthening while retaining the low weight .
After outer bush 19 has been adhered in similar manner to shell 21 (or is already formed thereon during the production process), shells 21,22 can be permanently coupled to each other along the plane defined by adhesion seams 24 as according to figure 4. After this process the hub 17 is finished. It is noted that the mention of the required holes has been omitted in this description, for which aspect reference is made to for instance figure 4.
It is further noted, that in the light of the present invention, the bush described above and shown in figs. 4 and 10 is not necessarily considered a part of the hub, but rather as a coupling for arranging the hub on the generator shaft which is for instance shown - in a different attachment configuration - in fig. 2. Therefore the bush can, contrary to the hub according to the invention, be manufactured from metal, steel, etc. The bush can also have a different cross section shape than circular, e.g. square, triangular, etc.

Claims

1. Rotor for a wind turbine, which wind turbine comprises : a support construction, for instance a post, a column or a spatial tube construction; and a generator supported by this support construction and having an outward protruding horizontal shaft which is rotatably mounted and carries a generator rotor forming part of the generator; which rotor comprises the following rotor parts: a hub with first coupling means for releasable rigid coupling of the hub in coaxial relation to the end of the shaft; and a number of blades which are coupled rigidly and releasably to the hub by means of respective second coupling means via the ends of their respective blade roots; characterized in that the hub and each blade root consist of composite material.
2. Rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second coupling means comprise an extender, both ends of which can be rigidly and releasably coupled to the hub and the end of the relevant blade root by means of third and fourth coupling means, which extender consists of composite material .
3. Rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hub has a central hole for accommodating the end of the shaft .
4. Rotor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hub is hollow and the central hole is bounded by a cylindrical bush.
5. Rotor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the hub consists of mutually adhered hub parts.
6. Rotor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hub comprises two mutually adhered shells and said bush, which bush is adhered to at least one of the shells by a number of shores, which shores consist of composite material .
7. Rotor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cylinder comprises an inner cylinder adhered to the one shell and an outer cylinder adhered to the other shell.
8. Rotor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the shells are mutually adhered along a plane extending substantially transversely of the axis of the hub.
9. Rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite material of the relevant rotor part is a plastic matrix and a reinforcement of fibres embedded therein, wherein the density and direction of the fibres are chosen such that at every position the rotor part complies with requirements set on the basis of predicted mechanical loads in respect of mechanical strength, rigidity and damping.
10. Rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first, second, third and/or fourth coupling means comprise screw bolts and nuts co-acting therewith which engage on the respective two rotor parts for mutual coupling .
11. Rotor as claimed in claim 10, wherein the screw bolts are ordered in an annular configuration.
12. Rotor as claimed in claim 11, wherein the screw bolts extend in the direction of the local tensile force during operation of the wind turbine such that they are subjected only to respective tensile forces.
13. Rotor as claimed in claims 10 and 11, wherein said coupling means comprise flange means placed between the rotor parts for mutual coupling, in particular an annular flange, wherein said two rotor parts are each coupled to the flange means with an individual annular configuration of screw bolts, both of which configurations are substantially placed concentrically.
14. Hub for a wind turbine rotor as claimed in any of the claims 1-13, which hub comprises: first coupling means for releasable rigid coupling of the hub in coaxial relation to the end of a generator rotor shaft; and second coupling means for releasable rigid coupling to the hub of a number of blades via the ends of their respective blade roots; characterized in that the hub consists of composite material.
15. Extender for a wind turbine rotor as claimed in any of the claims 1-13, which extender comprises : third coupling means for releasable rigid coupling of the one end of the extender to a hub as claimed in claim 14; and fourth coupling means for releasable rigid coupling of the other end of the extender to a blade root ; characterized in that the extender consists of composite material.
PCT/NL2000/000872 1999-12-09 2000-11-29 Wind turbine rotor, and hub and extender therefor WO2001042647A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU25580/01A AU773676B2 (en) 1999-12-09 2000-11-29 Wind turbine rotor, and hub and extender therefor
EP00989036A EP1238196A2 (en) 1999-12-09 2000-11-29 Wind turbine rotor, and hub and extender therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1013807A NL1013807C2 (en) 1999-12-09 1999-12-09 Wind turbine rotor, as well as hub and extender therefor.
NL1013807 1999-12-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001042647A2 true WO2001042647A2 (en) 2001-06-14
WO2001042647A3 WO2001042647A3 (en) 2002-01-31

Family

ID=19770404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2000/000872 WO2001042647A2 (en) 1999-12-09 2000-11-29 Wind turbine rotor, and hub and extender therefor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1238196A2 (en)
AU (1) AU773676B2 (en)
NL (1) NL1013807C2 (en)
RU (1) RU2002118216A (en)
WO (1) WO2001042647A2 (en)

Cited By (68)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002006667A1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-24 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade hub
WO2003060319A1 (en) * 2002-01-18 2003-07-24 Aloys Wobben Wind turbine blade root spacer for increasing the separation of the blade tip from the tower
EP1398499A1 (en) * 1997-08-01 2004-03-17 Aloys Wobben Attachment of rotor blades to the hub of a wind turbine
WO2004090326A1 (en) * 2003-04-12 2004-10-21 General Electric Company Reinforced hub for the rotor of a wind energy turbine
WO2004106732A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2004-12-09 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade connection
EP1772621A2 (en) * 2005-10-06 2007-04-11 NORDEX ENERGY GmbH Manufacturing method of a hole in a fibre reinforced composite and rotor blade for wind turbine with such a hole
DE102006022272A1 (en) * 2006-05-11 2007-11-15 Repower Systems Ag Rotor blade connection
WO2008003389A1 (en) * 2006-07-03 2008-01-10 Repower Systems Ag Rotor hub of a wind energy plant
EP1882854A2 (en) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-30 General Electric Company Apparatus for assembling rotary machines
KR100801301B1 (en) 2006-08-10 2008-02-11 원인호 Sunlight Wheel Windmill
DE102006041383A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-20 Euros Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Windkraftanlagen mbH Wind-power plant, has blade contact surface of root region of each rotor blade formed opposite to blade axle around blade cone angle, while maintaining inclined position of bolt connection in relation to another blade contact surface
EP1956235A1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2008-08-13 Harakosan Co. Ltd. Blade for a wind turbine
WO2008107738A1 (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-12 Tecsis Tecnologia E Sistemas Avançados Ltda Fan blade connection
WO2009003285A1 (en) * 2007-07-04 2009-01-08 Jacques Olivier Wind turbine with vertical axis with blades fitted with a return means
US7530168B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2009-05-12 Ssp Technology A/S Method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade root
EP2108819A2 (en) 2008-04-09 2009-10-14 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Blade root extender
WO2009132612A1 (en) * 2008-04-29 2009-11-05 Repower Systems Ag Method for establishing a blade connection of a rotor blade, a blade connection and a securing element for a blade connection
US20100098552A1 (en) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Blade root extender for a wind turbine
DE202010013535U1 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-12-02 Repower Systems Ag Blade connection of a rotor blade of a wind energy plant
ES2359310A1 (en) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-20 GAMESA INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY S.L. Wind turbine with improved internal ways of access. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2011076795A2 (en) 2009-12-21 2011-06-30 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A hub for a wind turbine and a method for fabricating the hub
EP2363601A2 (en) 2010-03-04 2011-09-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Fiber reinforced composite rotor hub of a wind power converter
WO2011050806A3 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-10-06 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Hub adaptor for wind turbine blade
EP2386755A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2011-11-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Rotor head for wind power generator, and wind power generator
US8066490B2 (en) 2009-12-21 2011-11-29 General Electric Company Wind turbine rotor blade
CN1982698B (en) * 2005-12-15 2012-01-11 通用电气公司 Wind turbine rotor blade
CN102338045A (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-02-01 上海电气风电设备有限公司 Wind wheel lengthening ring
CN102345569A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-02-08 内蒙古航天亿久科技发展有限责任公司 Novel wind wheel structure of large wind generating set
CN102374114A (en) * 2010-08-16 2012-03-14 通用电气公司 Hub for a wind turbine and method of mounting a wind turbine
CN102518569A (en) * 2012-01-11 2012-06-27 保定华翼风电叶片研究开发有限公司 Blade for wind driven generator and wind driven generator with same
WO2012130240A1 (en) 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A hub for a wind turbine
CN1755102B (en) * 2004-09-30 2012-11-14 通用电气公司 Multi-piece wind turbine rotor blades and wind turbines incorporating same
EP2532882A1 (en) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-12 General Electric Company System and methods for assembling a wind turbine with a pitch assembly
DE102011051172A1 (en) 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Lars Kästner Laminated rotor blade for wind turbine, has several pultrusion portions that are arranged at surface of insert portion, and are coated with fiber or woven fabric tube that is longer than that of insert portion
EP2554834A1 (en) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-06 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Rotor for a wind turbine
CN103184977A (en) * 2011-12-31 2013-07-03 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 Fan blade connecting method, fan impeller and wind turbine generator set
WO2013121054A1 (en) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Direct-drive wind turbine
WO2014023837A1 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 youWINenergy GmbH Segmented rotor hub
GB2509082A (en) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-25 Gurit Uk Ltd Turbine blade fastener accessible from outside blade
GB2512608A (en) * 2013-04-03 2014-10-08 Aviat Entpr Ltd Rotor blade
GB2517935A (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-11 Mainstream Renewable Power Ltd Wind turbine blade extender
CN104508295A (en) * 2012-05-30 2015-04-08 尤文能量有限责任公司 Blade assembly for a wind turbine rotor
US9074581B2 (en) 2012-06-12 2015-07-07 General Electric Company Cone angle insert for wind turbine rotor
US9109578B2 (en) 2012-06-12 2015-08-18 General Electric Company Root extender for a wind turbine rotor blade
WO2015120925A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Connecting element for connecting a bearing device of a rotor blade to be connected to a rotor hub of a wind turbine to a mounting flange of the rotor hub
DE102014005452A1 (en) 2014-04-07 2015-10-08 Windnovation Engineering Solutions Gmbh Blade connection for rotor blades
DE102014206670A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2015-10-08 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade of a wind turbine
WO2015155079A1 (en) 2014-04-07 2015-10-15 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade for a wind turbine
DK178347B1 (en) * 2010-06-17 2016-01-04 Gen Electric Wind turbine attachment design with flattened bolts
US9239040B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2016-01-19 General Electric Company Root end assembly configuration for a wind turbine rotor blade and associated forming methods
DK178388B1 (en) * 2006-04-30 2016-01-25 Gen Electric ROTOR WINGS FOR A WINDMILL
US9255395B2 (en) * 2014-04-25 2016-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flange of a wind turbine
EP2985452A1 (en) 2014-08-12 2016-02-17 Senvion GmbH Rotor blade extension body and wind energy plant
DE102014226126A1 (en) 2014-12-16 2016-06-16 Senvion Gmbh Rotor hub for a rotor axis of a rotor of a wind turbine
DE102016110551A1 (en) * 2016-06-08 2017-12-14 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor for a wind turbine, rotor blade for a wind turbine, sleeve and method for mounting a rotor
WO2018121824A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Joint for connecting a wind turbine rotor blade to a rotor hub and associated methods
WO2018121823A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Hub segments and hub assemblies for connecting a wind turbine blade to a rotor shaft and associated methods
EP1815137B1 (en) 2004-11-24 2018-09-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Windmill blade
US10077757B2 (en) 2011-12-08 2018-09-18 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade and connecting device
DE102017003061A1 (en) 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Ralph Funck connecting element
EP3483428A1 (en) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-15 Nordex Energy GmbH Agent for increasing the bending stiffness of load bearing components of a wind turbine
DE102005026141B4 (en) 2005-06-06 2019-07-25 Imo Momentenlager Gmbh Wind turbine with a bearing unit for an elongated rotor blade
US10507902B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2019-12-17 General Electric Company Wind turbine dome and method of assembly
EP3581790A1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-18 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Wind turbine rotor blade
DE102005063678B3 (en) 2005-06-06 2020-01-23 Imo Momentenlager Gmbh Method for operating a wind turbine with a bearing unit for an elongated rotor blade
EP3690232A1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-05 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Hub for a wind turbine, wind turbine and method for up-grading a hub of a wind turbine
US11105317B2 (en) 2019-02-21 2021-08-31 21st Century Wind, Inc. Wind turbine generator for low to moderate wind speeds
US11835027B2 (en) 2021-06-15 2023-12-05 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. Supporting structures and methods for a central frame of a direct-drive wind turbine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1014719C2 (en) 2000-03-22 2001-09-25 Aerpac Holding B V Wind turbine, has asymmetrically arranged turbine vanes to reduced stall induced vibrations
FR2917458B1 (en) * 2007-06-13 2009-09-25 Snecma Sa EXHAUST CASING HUB COMPRISING STRESS DISTRIBUTION RIBS
EP4116574A1 (en) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-11 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Root assembly of a wind turbine blade for a wind turbine, wind turbine blade and wind turbine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4236873A (en) * 1978-09-20 1980-12-02 United Technologies Corporation Wind turbine blade retention device
US4260332A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-04-07 Structural Composite Industries, Inc. Composite spar structure having integral fitting for rotational hub mounting
US4420354A (en) * 1982-06-14 1983-12-13 Gougeon Brothers, Inc. Process for securing projecting studs in the ends of wood resin composite bodies and the like and the structure formed thereby
US4915590A (en) * 1987-08-24 1990-04-10 Fayette Manufacturing Corporation Wind turbine blade attachment methods
DE19733372C1 (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-01-07 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade and rotor of a wind turbine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4236873A (en) * 1978-09-20 1980-12-02 United Technologies Corporation Wind turbine blade retention device
US4260332A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-04-07 Structural Composite Industries, Inc. Composite spar structure having integral fitting for rotational hub mounting
US4420354A (en) * 1982-06-14 1983-12-13 Gougeon Brothers, Inc. Process for securing projecting studs in the ends of wood resin composite bodies and the like and the structure formed thereby
US4915590A (en) * 1987-08-24 1990-04-10 Fayette Manufacturing Corporation Wind turbine blade attachment methods
DE19733372C1 (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-01-07 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade and rotor of a wind turbine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HAU ERICH: "WINDKRAFTANLAGEN" 1996 , SPRINGER VERLAG , BERLIN XP002143305 241430 page 186 -page 213 page 202; figure 7.14 page 207; figure 7.20 page 208; figure 7.22 *

Cited By (136)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1398499A1 (en) * 1997-08-01 2004-03-17 Aloys Wobben Attachment of rotor blades to the hub of a wind turbine
WO2002006667A1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-24 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade hub
WO2003060319A1 (en) * 2002-01-18 2003-07-24 Aloys Wobben Wind turbine blade root spacer for increasing the separation of the blade tip from the tower
DE10201726A1 (en) * 2002-01-18 2003-08-07 Aloys Wobben Wind turbine
DE10201726B4 (en) * 2002-01-18 2004-10-21 Wobben, Aloys, Dipl.-Ing. Wind turbine
US7244102B2 (en) * 2003-04-12 2007-07-17 General Electric Company Reinforced hub for the rotor of a wind energy turbine
WO2004090326A1 (en) * 2003-04-12 2004-10-21 General Electric Company Reinforced hub for the rotor of a wind energy turbine
CN1329657C (en) * 2003-04-12 2007-08-01 通用电气公司 Hub for rotor of wind energy turbine
US7722328B2 (en) 2003-05-28 2010-05-25 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade connection
DE10324166B4 (en) * 2003-05-28 2005-05-04 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade connection
DE10324166A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2004-12-23 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade connection
AU2004243414B2 (en) * 2003-05-28 2007-11-29 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade connection
WO2004106732A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2004-12-09 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade connection
CN100447406C (en) * 2003-05-28 2008-12-31 艾劳埃斯·乌本 Rotor blade connection
US7530168B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2009-05-12 Ssp Technology A/S Method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade root
USRE43692E1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2012-10-02 Ssp Technology A/S Method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade root
CN1755102B (en) * 2004-09-30 2012-11-14 通用电气公司 Multi-piece wind turbine rotor blades and wind turbines incorporating same
EP1815137B1 (en) 2004-11-24 2018-09-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Windmill blade
DE102005063678B3 (en) 2005-06-06 2020-01-23 Imo Momentenlager Gmbh Method for operating a wind turbine with a bearing unit for an elongated rotor blade
DE102005026141B4 (en) 2005-06-06 2019-07-25 Imo Momentenlager Gmbh Wind turbine with a bearing unit for an elongated rotor blade
EP1772621A2 (en) * 2005-10-06 2007-04-11 NORDEX ENERGY GmbH Manufacturing method of a hole in a fibre reinforced composite and rotor blade for wind turbine with such a hole
EP1772621A3 (en) * 2005-10-06 2009-05-13 NORDEX ENERGY GmbH Manufacturing method of a hole in a fibre reinforced composite and rotor blade for wind turbine with such a hole
CN1982698B (en) * 2005-12-15 2012-01-11 通用电气公司 Wind turbine rotor blade
DK178388B1 (en) * 2006-04-30 2016-01-25 Gen Electric ROTOR WINGS FOR A WINDMILL
DE102007020339B4 (en) * 2006-04-30 2020-03-12 General Electric Co. Rotor blade for a wind turbine
DE102006022272B4 (en) * 2006-05-11 2008-06-12 Repower Systems Ag Rotor blade connection
DE102006022272C5 (en) * 2006-05-11 2013-07-25 Repower Systems Ag Rotor blade connection
EP2910773A1 (en) 2006-05-11 2015-08-26 Senvion SE Rotor blade connection
EP2505826A3 (en) * 2006-05-11 2015-02-18 Senvion SE Rotor blade connection
US8133029B2 (en) 2006-05-11 2012-03-13 Repower Systems Ag Rotor blade attachment
DE102006022272A1 (en) * 2006-05-11 2007-11-15 Repower Systems Ag Rotor blade connection
WO2007131589A3 (en) * 2006-05-11 2008-04-10 Repower Systems Ag Rotor blade attachment
EP2505826A2 (en) 2006-05-11 2012-10-03 REpower Systems AG Rotor blade connection
WO2007131589A2 (en) 2006-05-11 2007-11-22 Repower Systems Ag Rotor blade attachment
US8408875B2 (en) 2006-05-11 2013-04-02 Repower Systems Se Rotor blade attachment
US20090317256A1 (en) * 2006-07-03 2009-12-24 Repower Systems Ag Rotor hub of a wind energy plant
WO2008003389A1 (en) * 2006-07-03 2008-01-10 Repower Systems Ag Rotor hub of a wind energy plant
US8123485B2 (en) 2006-07-03 2012-02-28 Repower Systems Ag Rotor hub of a wind energy plant
EP1882854A2 (en) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-30 General Electric Company Apparatus for assembling rotary machines
EP1882854A3 (en) * 2006-07-11 2015-02-25 General Electric Company Apparatus for assembling rotary machines
KR100801301B1 (en) 2006-08-10 2008-02-11 원인호 Sunlight Wheel Windmill
DE102006041383A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-20 Euros Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Windkraftanlagen mbH Wind-power plant, has blade contact surface of root region of each rotor blade formed opposite to blade axle around blade cone angle, while maintaining inclined position of bolt connection in relation to another blade contact surface
DE102006041383B4 (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-07-03 Euros Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Windkraftanlagen mbH Wind energy plant with cone-shaped rotor blades
EP1956235A1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2008-08-13 Harakosan Co. Ltd. Blade for a wind turbine
US8651816B2 (en) 2007-03-06 2014-02-18 Fantech Tecnologia Em Sistemas De Ventilacao Ltda Fan blade connection
WO2008107738A1 (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-12 Tecsis Tecnologia E Sistemas Avançados Ltda Fan blade connection
WO2009003285A1 (en) * 2007-07-04 2009-01-08 Jacques Olivier Wind turbine with vertical axis with blades fitted with a return means
EP2108819A2 (en) 2008-04-09 2009-10-14 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Blade root extender
EP2108819A3 (en) * 2008-04-09 2013-12-04 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Blade root extender
CN101970860B (en) * 2008-04-29 2013-07-24 再生动力系统股份公司 Method for establishing a blade connection of a rotor blade, a blade connection and a securing element for a blade connection
WO2009132612A1 (en) * 2008-04-29 2009-11-05 Repower Systems Ag Method for establishing a blade connection of a rotor blade, a blade connection and a securing element for a blade connection
CN101970860A (en) * 2008-04-29 2011-02-09 再生动力系统股份公司 Method for establishing a blade connection of a rotor blade, a blade connection and a securing element for a blade connection
US20100098552A1 (en) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Blade root extender for a wind turbine
CN101725465A (en) * 2008-10-16 2010-06-09 歌美飒创新技术公司 Blade root extender for a wind turbine
US8337161B2 (en) * 2008-10-16 2012-12-25 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Blade root extender for a wind turbine
US8480369B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2013-07-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Rotor head of wind power generator and wind power generator
EP2386755A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2011-11-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Rotor head for wind power generator, and wind power generator
EP2386755A4 (en) * 2008-12-19 2013-07-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Rotor head for wind power generator, and wind power generator
WO2011050806A3 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-10-06 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Hub adaptor for wind turbine blade
ES2359310A1 (en) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-20 GAMESA INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY S.L. Wind turbine with improved internal ways of access. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2011076795A2 (en) 2009-12-21 2011-06-30 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A hub for a wind turbine and a method for fabricating the hub
US8066490B2 (en) 2009-12-21 2011-11-29 General Electric Company Wind turbine rotor blade
CN102822507A (en) * 2009-12-21 2012-12-12 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 Hub for a wind turbine and method for fabricating the hub
EP2363601A3 (en) * 2010-03-04 2014-04-30 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Fiber reinforced composite rotor hub of a wind power converter
EP2363601A2 (en) 2010-03-04 2011-09-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Fiber reinforced composite rotor hub of a wind power converter
DE102010010283A1 (en) 2010-03-04 2011-09-08 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Rotor hub in fiber composite construction for wind turbines
DK178347B1 (en) * 2010-06-17 2016-01-04 Gen Electric Wind turbine attachment design with flattened bolts
CN102338045A (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-02-01 上海电气风电设备有限公司 Wind wheel lengthening ring
CN102374114A (en) * 2010-08-16 2012-03-14 通用电气公司 Hub for a wind turbine and method of mounting a wind turbine
US9631502B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2017-04-25 Senvion Se Blade connection of a rotor blade of a wind turbine
WO2012038034A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Repower Systems Se Blade connection of a rotor blade of a wind turbine
DE202010013535U1 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-12-02 Repower Systems Ag Blade connection of a rotor blade of a wind energy plant
EP2691646B1 (en) 2011-03-30 2017-07-12 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A hub for a wind turbine
WO2012130240A1 (en) 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A hub for a wind turbine
US9739258B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2017-08-22 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Hub for a wind turbine
EP2532882A1 (en) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-12 General Electric Company System and methods for assembling a wind turbine with a pitch assembly
DE102011051172A1 (en) 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Lars Kästner Laminated rotor blade for wind turbine, has several pultrusion portions that are arranged at surface of insert portion, and are coated with fiber or woven fabric tube that is longer than that of insert portion
EP2554834A1 (en) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-06 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Rotor for a wind turbine
WO2013017623A1 (en) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Rotor for a wind turbine
CN103717883A (en) * 2011-08-02 2014-04-09 阿尔斯通可再生能源西班牙有限公司 Rotor for a wind turbine
US9458822B2 (en) 2011-08-02 2016-10-04 Alstom Renovables España, S.L. Rotor for a wind turbine
CN102345569A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-02-08 内蒙古航天亿久科技发展有限责任公司 Novel wind wheel structure of large wind generating set
US10077757B2 (en) 2011-12-08 2018-09-18 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade and connecting device
CN103184977A (en) * 2011-12-31 2013-07-03 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 Fan blade connecting method, fan impeller and wind turbine generator set
CN102518569A (en) * 2012-01-11 2012-06-27 保定华翼风电叶片研究开发有限公司 Blade for wind driven generator and wind driven generator with same
DE102013101233B4 (en) 2012-02-16 2022-03-03 General Electric Company Root end assembly configuration for a wind turbine rotor blade
DK178606B1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2016-08-15 Gen Electric Mounting structure with a rotary for a wind turbine rotor blade and associated design methods
US9239040B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2016-01-19 General Electric Company Root end assembly configuration for a wind turbine rotor blade and associated forming methods
WO2013121054A1 (en) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Direct-drive wind turbine
CN104136770A (en) * 2012-02-17 2014-11-05 歌美飒创新技术公司 Direct-drive wind turbine
US9328716B2 (en) 2012-02-17 2016-05-03 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Direct-drive wind turbine
CN104136770B (en) * 2012-02-17 2017-05-24 埃德温海上有限公司 Directly drive wind turbine
CN104508295A (en) * 2012-05-30 2015-04-08 尤文能量有限责任公司 Blade assembly for a wind turbine rotor
US9109578B2 (en) 2012-06-12 2015-08-18 General Electric Company Root extender for a wind turbine rotor blade
US9074581B2 (en) 2012-06-12 2015-07-07 General Electric Company Cone angle insert for wind turbine rotor
WO2014023837A1 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 youWINenergy GmbH Segmented rotor hub
GB2509082A (en) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-25 Gurit Uk Ltd Turbine blade fastener accessible from outside blade
GB2509082B (en) * 2012-12-19 2015-06-17 Gurit Uk Ltd Turbine Blade
WO2014096100A1 (en) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 Gurit (Uk) Ltd Turbine blade
GB2512608A (en) * 2013-04-03 2014-10-08 Aviat Entpr Ltd Rotor blade
GB2512608B (en) * 2013-04-03 2015-09-16 Aviat Entpr Ltd Rotor blade
WO2014162112A1 (en) * 2013-04-03 2014-10-09 Aviation Enterprises Limited Rotor blade
GB2517935A (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-11 Mainstream Renewable Power Ltd Wind turbine blade extender
CN105960528A (en) * 2014-02-11 2016-09-21 西门子公司 Connecting element for connecting a bearing device of a rotor blade to be connected to a rotor hub of a wind turbine to a mounting flange of the rotor hub
WO2015120925A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Connecting element for connecting a bearing device of a rotor blade to be connected to a rotor hub of a wind turbine to a mounting flange of the rotor hub
US10578077B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2020-03-03 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade for a wind turbine
CN106164474A (en) * 2014-04-07 2016-11-23 新风能工程解决方案公司 Blade connection part for rotor blade
CN106164476A (en) * 2014-04-07 2016-11-23 乌本产权有限公司 The rotor blade of wind energy plant
DE102014206670A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2015-10-08 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade of a wind turbine
WO2015154737A1 (en) 2014-04-07 2015-10-15 Windnovation Engineering Solutions Gmbh Blade connection for rotor blades
WO2015155079A1 (en) 2014-04-07 2015-10-15 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade for a wind turbine
DE102014005452B4 (en) * 2014-04-07 2015-12-24 Windnovation Engineering Solutions Gmbh Blade connection for rotor blades
DE102014005452A1 (en) 2014-04-07 2015-10-08 Windnovation Engineering Solutions Gmbh Blade connection for rotor blades
US9255395B2 (en) * 2014-04-25 2016-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flange of a wind turbine
EP2985452A1 (en) 2014-08-12 2016-02-17 Senvion GmbH Rotor blade extension body and wind energy plant
DE102014215966A1 (en) 2014-08-12 2016-02-18 Senvion Gmbh Rotor blade extension body and wind turbine
US10100808B2 (en) 2014-08-12 2018-10-16 Senvion Gmbh Rotor blade extension body and wind turbine
EP3034864A1 (en) 2014-12-16 2016-06-22 Senvion GmbH Rotor hub for a rotor of a wind power station with a rotor axis
DE102014226126A1 (en) 2014-12-16 2016-06-16 Senvion Gmbh Rotor hub for a rotor axis of a rotor of a wind turbine
US10507902B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2019-12-17 General Electric Company Wind turbine dome and method of assembly
DE102016110551A1 (en) * 2016-06-08 2017-12-14 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor for a wind turbine, rotor blade for a wind turbine, sleeve and method for mounting a rotor
WO2017211929A1 (en) 2016-06-08 2017-12-14 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor for a wind turbine, rotor blade for a wind turbine, sleeve, and method for assembling a rotor
US10865767B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2020-12-15 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor for a wind turbine, rotor blade for a wind turbine, sleeve, and method for assembling a rotor
CN110249126A (en) * 2016-12-28 2019-09-17 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 For wind turbine rotor blade to be connected to the connector and correlation technique of rotor hub
WO2018121823A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Hub segments and hub assemblies for connecting a wind turbine blade to a rotor shaft and associated methods
WO2018121824A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Joint for connecting a wind turbine rotor blade to a rotor hub and associated methods
US11022093B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-06-01 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Joint for connecting a wind turbine rotor blade to a rotor hub and associated methods
CN110249126B (en) * 2016-12-28 2021-08-13 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 Joint for connecting a wind turbine rotor blade to a rotor hub and related method
DE102017003061A1 (en) 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Ralph Funck connecting element
DE102017003061B4 (en) 2017-03-30 2022-11-24 Albany Engineered Composites, Inc. connection element
EP3483428A1 (en) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-15 Nordex Energy GmbH Agent for increasing the bending stiffness of load bearing components of a wind turbine
EP3581790A1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-18 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Wind turbine rotor blade
CN111502908A (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-07 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 Hub for a wind turbine, wind turbine and method for upgrading a hub of a wind turbine
EP3690232A1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-05 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Hub for a wind turbine, wind turbine and method for up-grading a hub of a wind turbine
US11105317B2 (en) 2019-02-21 2021-08-31 21st Century Wind, Inc. Wind turbine generator for low to moderate wind speeds
US11835027B2 (en) 2021-06-15 2023-12-05 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. Supporting structures and methods for a central frame of a direct-drive wind turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001042647A3 (en) 2002-01-31
NL1013807C2 (en) 2001-07-05
AU773676B2 (en) 2004-06-03
AU2558001A (en) 2001-06-18
EP1238196A2 (en) 2002-09-11
RU2002118216A (en) 2004-01-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU773676B2 (en) Wind turbine rotor, and hub and extender therefor
US8465256B2 (en) Wind turbine rotor
EP1798412B1 (en) Connection of wind turbine blade to rotor hub
EP2622212B1 (en) Vertical axis wind turbine having one or more modular blades
CN102287339A (en) A wind turbine and a drive shaft for the wind turbine
JP5546625B2 (en) Wind turbine
EP2933476B1 (en) Reinforced pitch bearing of a wind turbine
DK2917568T3 (en) Wind turbine blade with fasteners
US8123485B2 (en) Rotor hub of a wind energy plant
CN102224339A (en) A wind turbine rotor
US4278401A (en) Blade for wind motors
US20120328443A1 (en) Systems and methods for assembling a wind turbine with a pitch assembly
US20140314580A1 (en) Wind turbine
CN101151457A (en) Windmill
US11761419B2 (en) Root assembly of a wind turbine blade for a wind turbine, wind turbine blade and wind turbine
JP2021523322A (en) Rotor bearing housing and wind turbine with rotor bearing housing
WO2011056121A1 (en) Wind turbine with turbine blades
CN111502908B (en) Hub for a wind turbine, wind turbine and method for upgrading a hub of a wind turbine
EP2694811B1 (en) Bedplate of a wind turbine
CN115263660A (en) Wind power generation blade device and wind power generation equipment
EP3653871A1 (en) Coupling arrangement
EP2532882A1 (en) System and methods for assembling a wind turbine with a pitch assembly
US20220025872A1 (en) Wind power plant with supporting structure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 25580/01

Country of ref document: AU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2000989036

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref country code: RU

Ref document number: 2002 2002118216

Kind code of ref document: A

Format of ref document f/p: F

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2000989036

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 25580/01

Country of ref document: AU

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 2000989036

Country of ref document: EP