WO2000075508A1 - Method on regulating the air flow around the windmill wing and device for use in such method - Google Patents
Method on regulating the air flow around the windmill wing and device for use in such method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000075508A1 WO2000075508A1 PCT/DK2000/000304 DK0000304W WO0075508A1 WO 2000075508 A1 WO2000075508 A1 WO 2000075508A1 DK 0000304 W DK0000304 W DK 0000304W WO 0075508 A1 WO0075508 A1 WO 0075508A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spoiler
- wing
- hollow
- shape
- air flow
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001541997 Allionia Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010052804 Drug tolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0244—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking
- F03D7/0252—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking with aerodynamic drag devices on the blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05B2240/305—Flaps, slats or spoilers
- F05B2240/3052—Flaps, slats or spoilers adjustable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention concerns a method for controlling a wind mill and an apparatus for use in the method.
- the wings are fixed on the mill hub and cannot be turned about their longitudinal axis.
- the angular position of the wings on the hub is adjusted once for all at the erection and running in of the mill.
- the wings are designed so that the air flow over them by itself gives larger air resistance in high wind and thereby limits the power. Due to this passive utilisation of the aerodynamic properties of the wings, the control becomes simple and sturdy under all circumstances with only small peak loads.
- stall control has the drawback that the maximum power depends on the density of the air and the surface roughness of the wing. Hence there will be changes in maximum power from summer to winter and by dirty wings. To a large degree, the stall power also depends on the design of the leading edge of the wing. Small produc- tion tolerances in the shape of the leading edge may give significant differences in the power level at which a wind mill is stall controlled.
- the wings are mounted on bearings on the mill hub so that they may be turned about their longitudinal axis. In high wind, the angular position is adjusted away from stall all the time so that the lift is limited to give just the power desired.
- Pitch control has the drawback that a relatively complicated, active regulation is re- quired which in high wind may be somewhat sensitive to turbulence. Therefore in practice, pitch control depends on a special generator with fully or partly variable rotational speed so that the mill may increase speed slightly by wind gusts. Otherwise. the active regulation cannot follow the variations in the wind, and too great peak loads are obtained. Compared with stall control with fixed wings, pitch control also has the drawback that the wings are to be mounted turning on the mill hub and therefore have to be provided with bearings and actuation systems. These components have to transmit large loads and imply an increased demand for service.
- a newer kind of control is active stall regulation.
- the two normal methods of power limiting are combined.
- pitch control there are bearings between wings and mill hub so that the angular position may be adjusted but the power limiting itself in high wind occurs by stalling.
- active stalling has the advantage that the maximum power may be held at the desired valued with certainty irrespectively of air density, possible dirt on the wings and the influence from production tolerances.
- active stall control has the advantage that the regulation itself still occurs by stalling, thus a passive utilisation of the aerodynamic properties of the wing so that sensitivity to turbulence is still small. Therefore, it is not necessary to use special generators, variable speed or the like for avoiding large peak loads.
- Active stall control has. however, also its drawbacks compared with passive stall control with fixed wings. As with pitch control there is the disadvantage that the wings may be mounted turning on the mill hub and therefore has to be provided with bearings and actuating systems. These components have to transmit great loads and imply an increased demand for service. By active stall control, the regulating is slower than by pitch control, and the demands to the actuating systems are therefore lesser but the complexity is, however, substantially greater than by passive stall regulation.
- spoilers on fixed wings are also known where the regulating occurs by a spoiler effect, usually sup- ported by complete or part stall of the wing.
- the spoiler may typically be made as a rail disposed over the suction side of the wing, and which by extension gives increased air resistance and turbulence, and maybe also trips a real stall.
- Such spoilers were used on the windmills erected in Denmark by F.L.Schmidt during Second World War.
- Spoiler systems of this kind usually has the disadvantage that they imply mechanical parts far out on the wing.
- spoilers disposed over the wing surface also when not actuated, normally have a certain continuous spoiler effect reducing the aerodynamic efficiency of the wing.
- the external mounting may also give a considerable noise contribution.
- Such spoilers are seen to be used, among others, on early wind mills of the Wind- Matic-type in Denmark. By being placed in a recess in the wing surface, this type of spoilers has the advantage that it does not to any significant degree reduce the aerodynamic efficiency of the wing when it is not extended.
- Recessed spoilers usually have the disadvantage that they require special wing structures with recesses and hollows. Furthermore, normally they may be provided only with difficulty at the leading edge itself where the air forces are great but have to be disposed farther back at the suction side of the section. Here the operating conditions are better but in return the spoiler effect is more limited, and the spoiler therefore has to be of substantial size. Noise problems may exist at the partitioning faces between main wing and spoiler, and the effect may be uncertain under icing and by strong dirtying with dust etc. where extension and withdrawal may be impeded.
- the purpose with the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for power regulation of wind mills with fixed wings reducing the disadvantages connected with the known methods. This purpose is achieved by using a method based on a flexible spoiler disposed at the leading edge of the wing, and which is actuated by filling with a liquid or gaseous medium.
- This method has many advantages as compared with prior art systems.
- the disadvantages usually connected with spoilers of prior art are avoided.
- the spoiler By being mounted on the leading edge of the wing, the spoiler may achieve maximum effect when extended.
- the spoiler By being mounted on the wing surface, the spoiler may dispense with the recesses and hollows normally connected with recessed spoilers. By not having parti- tioning faces between spoiler and main wing, the function of the spoiler is also ensured under icing and by strong dirtying by dust etc.
- a special advantage by the method and the spoiler type comes from the mounting on the wing surface. This implies that the spoiler may be retrofitted so that the method of regulation may be applied to existing wind mills. Usually, this would not be possible by prior art type of spoilers, except maybe the original type which is mounted spaced above the wing surface.
- a further advantage by the method is that the flexible spoiler, as a side gain, may be used for removing ice at the leading edge of the wing by inflating when the leading edge is covered by ice.
- Figure 1 shows a wind mill wing with an external spoiler according to older prior art.
- the wing section 1 is provided with a spoiler rail 2 carried by a row of fittings 3 with hinges 4.
- the spoiler is shown in normal, deactivated position where no spoiler effect is desired.
- Figure 2 shows the same spoiler in activated position where the spoiler is pivoted for maximum effect by mechanical means.
- FIG. 3 shows a wind mill wing with a built-in spoiler according to newer prior art.
- the wing section 5 is provided with a spoiler rail 6 disposed in a hollow 7 in the wing surface and which may be pivoted about a hinge 8.
- the spoiler is shown in normal deactivated position where no spoiler effect is desired.
- Figure 4 shows the same spoiler in activated position where the spoiler is pivoted for maximum effect by mechanical means.
- FIG 5 shows a wind mill wing with a built-in flexible spoiler according to newer prior art.
- the wing section 9 is provided with a hollow 10 covered by a flexible membrane 11.
- the hollow 10 extends along a part of the length of the wing and is inwardly closed toward the wing root and outward toward the wing tip with valves not shown on the Figure.
- the spoiler is shown in normal, deactivated position where no spoiler effect is desired.
- Figure 6 shows the same spoiler in activated position where the spoiler membrane is inflated for maximum effect.
- the activation normally occurs by opening the innermost valve and closing the outermost.
- the inflation is then caused by the surpressure coming from the centrifugal force on the air column standing the hollow of the wing.
- De- activation occurs by closing the innermost valve and opening the outermost.
- Figure 7 shows the leading edge of a wind mill wing with a spoiler according to the invention.
- the wing section 12 is provided with a flexible spoiler 13 extending along a part of the wing length.
- the spoiler has a cross-section with a hollow 14.
- the hollow 14 is partly closed outward toward the wing tip and is connected inward toward the wing root to a pressurised air system which may apply a greater or lesser pressure to the hollow of the spoiler.
- the spoiler is shown in normal deactivated position where no spoiler effect is desired.
- Figure 8 shows the same spoiler in activated position where the spoiler is inflated for maximum effect.
- Activation usually takes place by applying pressure to the hollow of the spoiler.
- the spoiler may be inflated steplessly, depending on the applied surpressure. Deactivation occurs by reducing the filling pressure.
- the emptying is enhanced by the centrifugal effect on the air column standing in the hollow of the spoiler, pos- sibly supplemented by ejector effect from air flowing by at the outermost end of the spoiler.
- Figure 9 shows the same kind of spoiler in activated position but where the hollow is moved farther back toward the suction side of the wing.
- the stall effect is becom- ing more violent even by lesser angles of attack.
- Figure 10 shows examples of cross-sections of spoiler according to the invention before the spoilers are mounted on the wing.
- the spoilers may e.g. be extruded in EPDM Shore 45 whereby they may easily be mounted on leading edges with different curva- ture.
- a normally preferred embodiment 15 may have uniform cross-section of the hollow.
- Another preferred embodiment 16 may have a number of ribs 17 which maintains the shape of the hollow at possible underpressure from the suction effect under the centrifugal action but which gives good access for air for inflating anyway.
- a third preferred embodiment 18 may have non-uniform cross-section of the hollow where one part 19 has great material thickness in the side expanding by inflation, while another part 20 has less material thickness.
- the shape of the inflated spoiler may be adjusted for giving the most advantageous separation of the air flow.
- the hollow may be divided into two or more parallel ducts which possibly may be inflated to different pressures.
- the shape may be further differentiated as well as a larger part of the spoiler may be imparted a shape advantageous for separation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU50612/00A AU5061200A (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2000-06-06 | Method on regulating the air flow around the windmill wing and device for use insuch method |
EP00934942A EP1190175A1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2000-06-06 | Method on regulating the air flow around the windmill wing and device for use in such method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA199900802 | 1999-06-07 | ||
DKPA199900802 | 1999-06-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000075508A1 true WO2000075508A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 |
Family
ID=8097738
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DK2000/000304 WO2000075508A1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2000-06-06 | Method on regulating the air flow around the windmill wing and device for use in such method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1190175A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5061200A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000075508A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002029247A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-11 | Bonus Energy A/S | Method for regulating a windmill and an apparatus for the use of said method |
WO2002068818A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-06 | Aloys Wobben | Atmospheric density-dependent power adjustment for wind turbines |
NL1019315C2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-07 | Ngup Holding B V | Cover strip for fixture on blade of windmill influences aerodynamics of blade and has at least one specific part for this purpose |
WO2007121501A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-11-01 | Kummer, Ursula | Method and apparatus for eliminating icing of the rotor blade surface of a wind power installation |
EP1995455A1 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Actuation system for a wind turbine blade flap |
GB2459453A (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-10-28 | Barry Robert Marshall | Aerodynamic overspeed limitation for wind turbine rotor(s) |
EP2141357A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-06 | Dundalk Institute of Technology | A wind turbine blade |
GB2481416A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-12-28 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Wind turbine blade de-icing system based on shell distortion |
US8517682B2 (en) | 2007-04-30 | 2013-08-27 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade |
EP2320078A3 (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2014-02-19 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a wind turbine with reduced blade fouling |
DE102013006166A1 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | Tembra Gmbh & Co. Kg | Shape variable, fluidically actuated trailing edge on rotor blades |
US9039372B2 (en) | 2007-04-30 | 2015-05-26 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2918978A (en) * | 1957-02-11 | 1959-12-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Variable contour propeller blades |
EP0283730A1 (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-09-28 | Mtb Manövriertechnisches Büro | Aerodynamic body surrounded with air or water |
EP0394882A1 (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-10-31 | Astrid Holzem | Aerodynamic brake for wind turbine blade |
WO1996000869A1 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-11 | Aalborg Marine Boilers A/S | Marine boiler |
DE19719221C1 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-10-29 | Roland Stelzer | Rotor blade for wind generator |
EP0947693A2 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-06 | Tacke Windenergie GmbH | Wind turbine blade profile |
-
2000
- 2000-06-06 AU AU50612/00A patent/AU5061200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-06 EP EP00934942A patent/EP1190175A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-06 WO PCT/DK2000/000304 patent/WO2000075508A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2918978A (en) * | 1957-02-11 | 1959-12-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Variable contour propeller blades |
EP0283730A1 (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-09-28 | Mtb Manövriertechnisches Büro | Aerodynamic body surrounded with air or water |
EP0394882A1 (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-10-31 | Astrid Holzem | Aerodynamic brake for wind turbine blade |
WO1996000869A1 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-11 | Aalborg Marine Boilers A/S | Marine boiler |
DE19719221C1 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-10-29 | Roland Stelzer | Rotor blade for wind generator |
EP0947693A2 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-06 | Tacke Windenergie GmbH | Wind turbine blade profile |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002029247A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-11 | Bonus Energy A/S | Method for regulating a windmill and an apparatus for the use of said method |
US7419356B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2008-09-02 | Bonus Energy A/S | Method for regulating a windmill, and an apparatus for the use of said method |
WO2002068818A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-06 | Aloys Wobben | Atmospheric density-dependent power adjustment for wind turbines |
AU2002250986B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2004-09-23 | Aloys Wobben | Atmospheric density-dependent power adjustment for wind turbines |
US7023105B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2006-04-04 | Aloys Wobben | Atmospheric density-dependent power adjustment for wind turbines |
NL1019315C2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-07 | Ngup Holding B V | Cover strip for fixture on blade of windmill influences aerodynamics of blade and has at least one specific part for this purpose |
WO2007121501A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-11-01 | Kummer, Ursula | Method and apparatus for eliminating icing of the rotor blade surface of a wind power installation |
US9039372B2 (en) | 2007-04-30 | 2015-05-26 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade |
US8517682B2 (en) | 2007-04-30 | 2013-08-27 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade |
US8251656B2 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2012-08-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Actuation system for a wind turbine blade flap |
EP1995455A1 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Actuation system for a wind turbine blade flap |
GB2459453B (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2011-06-08 | Barry Robert Marshall | Energy output limiter for wind turbine rotor(s) |
GB2459453A (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-10-28 | Barry Robert Marshall | Aerodynamic overspeed limitation for wind turbine rotor(s) |
EP2141357A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-06 | Dundalk Institute of Technology | A wind turbine blade |
EP2320078A3 (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2014-02-19 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a wind turbine with reduced blade fouling |
GB2481416A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-12-28 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Wind turbine blade de-icing system based on shell distortion |
DE102013006166A1 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | Tembra Gmbh & Co. Kg | Shape variable, fluidically actuated trailing edge on rotor blades |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1190175A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
AU5061200A (en) | 2000-12-28 |
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