WO1999027252B1 - Airfoils for wind turbine - Google Patents

Airfoils for wind turbine

Info

Publication number
WO1999027252B1
WO1999027252B1 PCT/US1998/024952 US9824952W WO9927252B1 WO 1999027252 B1 WO1999027252 B1 WO 1999027252B1 US 9824952 W US9824952 W US 9824952W WO 9927252 B1 WO9927252 B1 WO 9927252B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
airfoil
percent
values
range
horizontal axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/024952
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1999027252A1 (en
Inventor
James L Tangler
Dan M Somers
Original Assignee
Midwest Research Inst
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Midwest Research Inst filed Critical Midwest Research Inst
Priority to AU15337/99A priority Critical patent/AU1533799A/en
Publication of WO1999027252A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999027252A1/en
Publication of WO1999027252B1 publication Critical patent/WO1999027252B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/0608Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0641Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/30Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301Cross-section characteristics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/02Formulas of curves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/05Variable camber or chord length

Abstract

Airfoils (27, 28, 29) for the tip regions (38) and mid-span regions (36) of a wind turbine blade (22) have upper and lower surface shape contours between a leading edge (33) and a trailing edge (35) to minimize roughness effects of the airfoil and provide maximum lift coefficients that are largely insensitive to roughness effects. In one embodiment, the airfoil has a thickness between about 14-17 percent, a Reynolds number in the range of about 1,500,000 to 2,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range of about 1.4 to 1.5. In another embodiment, the airfoil has a thickness between about 14-16 percent, a Reynolds number in the range of about 1,500,000 to 3,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range of about 0.7 to 1.5.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 28 May 1999 (28.05.99); original claims 1-56 replaced by amended claims 1-22 (9 pages)]
1. An airfoil, comprising: a leading edge; a trailing edge spaced apart from said leading edge; an upper surface extending from said leading edge to said trailing edge; a lower surface extending from said leading edge to said trailing edge; and said airfoil having a shape characterized by a thickness of about seventeen percent, a Reynolds number of about 2,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range of about 1.4 to 1.5.
2. An airfoil for a tip region of a blade of a wind turbine wherein said airfoil has a thickness in the range of about fourteen percent to sixteen percent. A maximum lift coefficient of about 0.7, and a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 3,000,000.
3. An airfoil, comprising: a leading edge; a trailing edge spaced apart from said leading edge; an upper surface extending from said leading edge to said trailing edge; a lower surface extending from said leading edge to said trailing edge; and said airfoil having a cross-section shape characterized by a thickness of about sixteen percent, a Reynolds number of about 2,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient of about 0.7.
4. A wind turbine mat is rotatable about a horizontal axis, said wind turbine comprising: at least one blade mounted for rotation about said horizontal axis and extending a distance radially outward from the horizontal axis to a tip, said blade comprising a tip region extending from a point mat is approximately ninety-five percent of the distance radially outward from the horizontal axis to the tip; and at least one airfoil in said tip region, said airfoil having a thickness in a range of about fourteen percent to sixteen percent, a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 3,000,000, and a aximum lift coefficient in arange of about 1.4 to 1.5.
5. The wind turbine of claim 4, wherein said airfoil has a thickness of approximately fourteen percent and a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 2,000,000. 36
6. The wind turbine of claim 4, wherein said maximum lift coefficient is approximately 0.9.
7. The wind turbine of claim 6, wherein said airfoil has a thickness of approximately sixteen percent and a Reynolds number of approximately 3,000,000.
8. The wind turbine that is rotatable about a horizontal axis, said wind turbine comprising: at least one blade mounted for rotation about said horizontal axis and extending a distance radically outward from the horizontal axis to a tip, said blade comprising a midspan distance radically outward from the horizontal axis to a tip, said blade comprising a midspan region extending from a point that is approximately fifty percent of the distance radically outward from the horizontal axis to a point that is approximately ninety-five percent of the distance radially outward from the horizontal axis; and at least one airfoil in said mid-span region, said airfoil having a thickness in a range of about seventeen percent to twenty-one percent, a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 4,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient if about 1.4.
9. A wind turbine that is rotatable about a horizontal axis, said wind turbine comprising: at least one blade mounted for rotation about said horizontal axis and extending a distance radially outward from the horizontal axis to a tip, said blade comprising a mid-span region extending from a point that is approximately fifty percent of the distance radially outward from the horizontal axis to a point that is approximately ninety-five percent of the distance radially outward from the horizontal axis; and at least one airfoil in said mid-span region, said airfoil having a thickness in a range of about seventeen percent to twenty-one percent, a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 4,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range of about 1.0 to 1.6.
10. The wind turbine of claim 9, wherein said airfoil has a thickness of approximately seventeen percent and a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 2,000,000. 37
11. A tip region airfoil of a turbine blade, said airfoil comprising: an upper surface and a lower surface, both of which extend spaced-apart in relation to each other from a leading edge to a trailing edge; and a chord line with a length c extending in a straight line between the leading edge and the trailing edge, said upper surface and said lower surface having shapes and contours expressed by x/c values and y/c values, wherein the x/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent locations on the length of the chord line and the y/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent heights from the chord line to points on the upper surface and on the lower surface substantially as follows:
Upper Surface Lower Surface xc y/c x/c y/c
0.00001 0.00030 0.00014 -0.00143
0.00028 0.00224 0.00081 -0.00307
0.00129 0.00543 0.00197 -0.00477
0.00721 0.01481 0.00650 -0.00920
0.01766 0.02500 0.01819 -0.01650
0.03250 0.03549 0.03502 -0.02381
0.05161 0.04596 0.05670 -0.03093
0.07479 0.05616 0.08297 -0.03780
0.10185 0.06588 0.11351 -0.04443
0.13251 0.07494 0.14790 -0.05114
0.16643 0.08315 0.18480 -0.05834
0.20324 0.09032 0.22231 -0.06499
0.24253 0.09625 0.25997 -0.06891
0.28387 0.10060 0.29879 -0.06869
0.32709 0.10296 0.34011 -0.06415
0.37230 0.10329 0.38475 -0.05600
0.41930 0.10195 0.43307 -0.04520
0.46763 0.09920 0.48499 -0.03306
0.51676 0.09525 0.53974 -0.02082
0.56616 0.09029 0.59631 -0.00935
0.61526 0.08450 0.65355 0.00060
0.66350 0.07806 0.71026 0.00854
0.71028 0.07112 0.76514 0.01410
0.75503 0.06385 0.81692 0.01713
0.79720 0.05636 0.86437 0.01757
0.83624 0.04878 0.90608 0.01553
0.87165 0.04117 0.94062 0.01168
0.90294 0.03351 0.96717 0.00727
0.92994 0.02560 0.98566 0.00342
0.95294 0.01758 0.99646 0.00088
0.97208 0.01022 1.00000 0.00000
0.98695 0.00450 38
0.99661 0.00108 1.00000 0.00000
12. The airfoil of claim 11, wherein said blade has a length in a range of about ten n meters.
13. A mid-span region airfoil of a turbine blade, said airfoil comprising: an upper surface and a lower surface, both of which extend spaced-apart in relation to each other from a leading edge to a trailing edge; a chord line with a length c extending in a straight line between the leading edge and the trailing edge, said upper surface and said lower surface having shapes and contours expressed by x/c values and y/c values, wherein the x/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent locations on the length of the chord line and the y/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent heights from the chord line to points on the upper surface and on the lower surface substantially as follows: Upper Surface Lower Surface x/c y/c x/c y/c
0.00018 0.00159 0.00000 -0.00005
0.00255 0.00748 0.00021 -0.00146
0.00954 0.01638 0.00093 -0.00274
0.02088 0.02596 0.00216 -0.00403
0.03651 0.03580 0.00367 -0.00525
0.05636 0.04562 0.01367 -0.01035
0.08026 0.05519 0.02920 -0.01518
0.10801 0.06434 0.04998 -0.01960
0.13934 0.07288 0.07580 -0.02362
0.17395 0.08068 0.10637 -0.02729
0.21146 0.08758 0.14133 -0.03901
0.25149 0.09343 0.17965 -0.03486
0.29361 0.09807 0.21987 -0.03855
0.33736 0.10133 0.26153 -0.04064
0.38228 0.10294 0.30497 -0.04051
0.42820 0.10249 0.35027 -0.03794
0.47526 0.10005 0.39779 -0.03280
0.52324 0.09607 0.44785 -0.02563
0.57161 0.09094 0.50032 -0.01720
0.61980 0.08489 0.55484 -0.00841
0.66724 0.07816 0.61055 -0.00015
0.71333 0.07095 0.66644 0.00699
0.75749 0.06341 0.72142 0.01254
0.79915 0.05572 0.77434 0.01621
0.83778 0.04798 0.82409 0.01784
0.87287 0.04029 0.86953 0.01741 39
0.9O391 0.03262 0.90945 0.01498
0.93072 0.02479 0.94257 0.01113
0.95355 0.01695 0.96813 0.00689
0.97251 0.00982 0.98604 0.00324
0.98719 0.00431 0.99655 0.00084
0.99668 0.00103 1.00000 0.00000
1.00000 0.00000
14. The airfoil of claim 13, wherein said blade has a length in a range of about ten n meters.
15. A mid-span region airfoil of a turbine blade, said airfoil comprising: an upper surface and a lower surface, both of which extend spaced-apart in relation to each other from a leading edge to a trailing edge; and a chord line with a length c extending in a straight line between the leading edge and the trailing edge, said upper surface and said lower surface having shapes and contours expressed by x/c values and y/c values, wherein the x/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent locations on the length of the chord line and the y/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent heights from the chord line to points on the upper surface or on the lower surface substantially as follows:
40
Upper i Surface Lower Surface x/c y/c xc y/c
0.00000 0.00054 0.00010 -0.00098
0.00040 0.00228 0.00075 -0.00240
0.00327 0.00789 0.00194 -0.00390
0.01168 0.01688 0.00388 -0.00572
0.02501 0.02661 0.01440 -0.01227
0.04304 0.03671 0.03068 -0.01907
0.06557 0.04692 0.05249 -0.02597
0.09234 0.05703 0.07952 -0.03303
0.12305 0.06686 0.11138 -0.04031
0.15735 0.07623 0.14752 -0.04794
0.19486 0.08497 0.18727 -0.05596
0.23516 0.09293 0.22978 -0.06438
0.27779 0.09996 0.27409 -0.07310
0.32229 0.10593 0.31892 -0.08183
0.36815 0.11068 0.36288 -0.08933
0.41487 0.11409 0.40597 -0.09376
0.46193 0.11603 0.44906 -0.09443
0.50881 0.11636 0.49274 -0.09126
0.55498 0.11490 0.53770 -0.08456
0.59988 0.11131 0.58417 -0.07538
0.64347 0.10497 0.63172 -0.06463
0.68639 0.09591 0.67984 -0.05305
0.72880 0.08503 0.72787 -0.04136
0.77025 0.07315 0.77506 -0.03025
0.81021 0.06086 0.82049 -0.02035
0.84805 0.04872 0.86316 -0.01216
0.88305 0.03718 0.90192 -0.00603
0.91460 0.02643 0.93560 -0.00204
0.94236 0.01682 0.96306 -0.00001
0.96586 0.00900 0.98337 0.00052
0.98413 0.00360 0.99581 0.00025
0.99591 0.00078 1.00000 0.00000
1.00000 0.00000
16. The airfoil of claiml5, wherein said blade has a length in a range of about fifteen to twenty-five meters.
17. A tip region airfoil of a turbine blade, said airfoil comprising: an upper surface and a lower surface, both of which extend spaced-apart in relation to each other from a leading edge to a trailing edge; and a chord line with a length c extending in a straight line between the leading edge and the trailing edge, said upper surface and said lower surface having shapes and contours expressed by x/c values and y/c values, wherein the x/c values are 41
dimensionless coordinates that represent locations on the length of the chord line and the y/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent heights from the chord line to points on the upper surface and the lower surface substantially as follows:
Upper ; Surface Lower Surface x/c y/c x/c y/c
0.00003 0.00053 0.00009 -0.00090
0.00038 0.00215 0.00069 -0.00224
0.00226 0.00609 0.00179 -0.00364
0.00956 0.01419 0.00481 -0.00633
0.02173 0.02295 0.01546 -0.01240
0.03860 0.03202 0.03146 -0.01840
0.05999 0.04116 0.05264 -0.02409
0.08569 0.05019 0.07880 -0.02943
0.11542 0.05894 0.10964 -0.03438
0.14886 0.06724 0.14480 -0.03894
0.18564 0.07497 0.18387 -0.04309
0.22536 0.08199 0.22636 -0.04679
0.26758 0.08817 0.27176 -0.05002
0.31183 0.09340 0.31952 -0.05274
0.35762 0.09756 0.36907 -0.05490
0.40444 0.10053 0.41982 -0.05645
0.45176 0.10219 0.47117 -0.05732
0.49904 0.10241 0.52253 -0.05746
0.54576 0.10103 0.57329 -0.05681
0.59134 0.09770 0.62288 -0.05527
0.63573 0.09180 0.67072 -0.05275
0.67954 0.08339 0.71627 -0.04898
0.72289 0.07334 0.75939 -0.04362
0.76532 0.06246 0.80026 -0.03672
0.80626 0.05131 0.83903 -0.02873
0.84507 0.04046 0.87561 -0.02049
0.88101 0.03029 0.90947 -0.01301
0.91342 0.02103 0.93959 -0.00705
0.94187 0.01297 0.96481 -0.00298
0.96579 0.00665 0.98395 -0.00080
0.98420 0.00250 0.99592 -0.00008
0.99595 0.00050 1.00000 0.00000
1.00000 0.00000
18. The airfoil of claim 17, wherein said blade has a length in a range of about fifteen to twenty-five meters. 42
19. A tip region airfoil of a turbine blade, said airfoil comprising: an upper surface and a lower surface, both of which extend spaced-apart in relation to each other from a leading edge to a trailing edge; a chord line with a length c extending in a straight line between the leading edge and the trailing edge, said upper surface and said lower surface having shapes and contours expressed by x c values and y/c values, wherein the x/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent locations on the length of the chord line and the y/c values are dimensionless coordinates that represent heights from the chord line to points on the upper surface and on the lower surface substantially as follows:
Upper Surface Lower Surface x/c y/c x/c y/c
0.00013 0.00108 0.00002 -0.00045
0.00067 0.00276 0.00044 -0.00194
0.00489 0.00902 0.00134 -0.00354
0.01452 0.01709 0.00212 -0.00461
0.02906 0.02536 0.01005 -0.01163
0.04837 0.03359 0.02315 -0.01890
0.07229 0.04160 0.04127 -0.02606
0.10057 0.04930 0.06425 -0.03296
0.13289 0.05659 0.09185 -0.03951
0.16888 0.06335 0.12378 -0.04562
0.20815 0.06949 0.15967 -0.05125
0.25023 0.07491 0.19913 -0.05633
0.29466 0.07951 0.24170 -0.06080
0.34092 0.08321 0.28689 -0.06461
0.38849 0.08591 0.33419 -0.06770
0.43683 0.08750 0.38303 -0.07002
0.48538 0.08789 0.43287 -0.07151
0.53360 0.08695 0.48311 -0.07211
0.58093 0.08447 0.53320 -0.07173
0.62698 0.08006 0.58256 -0.07031
0.67187 0.07345 0.63061 -0.06769
0.71580 0.06493 0.67694 -0.06362
0.75874 0.05514 0.72141 -0.05794
0.80038 0.04479 0.76401 -0.05077
0.84011 0.03463 0.80466 -0.04249
0.87719 0.02518 0.84317 -0.03364
0.91085 0.01682 0.87913 -0.02486 43
0.94045 0.00986 0.91199 -0.01676
0.96518 0.00473 0.94106 -0.00992
0.98404 0.00161 0.96546 -0.00480
0.99593 0.00028 0.98414 -0.00166
1.00000 0.00000 0.99595 -0.00029
1.00000 0.00000
20. The airfoil of claim 1 , wherein said blade has a length in a range of about fifteen to twenty-five meters.
21. A wind turbine that is| rotatable about a horizontal axis, said wind turbine comprising:
At least one blade mounted for rotation about said horizontal axis and extending a distance radially outward from the horizontal axis to a tip, said blade comprising a tipi region extending from a point that is approximately ninety-five percent of tiie distance radially outward from the horizontal axis to the tip; and at least one airfoil in said tip region, said airfoil having a thickness in a range of about fourteen percent to sixteen percent, a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 3,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient of about 0.7.
22. The wind turbine of claim 21 , Iwherein said airfoil has a thickness of approximately sixteen percent and a Reynolds number of approximately 2,000,000.
44
STATEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 19
Claims 1 through 23 represented in the replacement pages 1-9 accompanying the applicant's Amendment After Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report Under Article 19(1), Rule 46, as described in the accompanying Leπer Describing Differences Between Replaced Sheets and Replacement Sheets submitted concurrently herewith, are made to amend the claims to substantially the same form in the corresponding U.S. patent application. This amendment defines the invention more clearly over the prior an cited in die corresponding U.S. application. This amendment has no impact on the description and drawings.
PCT/US1998/024952 1997-11-20 1998-11-20 Airfoils for wind turbine WO1999027252A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15337/99A AU1533799A (en) 1997-11-20 1998-11-20 Airfoils for wind turbine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/975,478 1997-11-20
US08/975,478 US6068446A (en) 1997-11-20 1997-11-20 Airfoils for wind turbine

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WO1999027252B1 true WO1999027252B1 (en) 1999-08-05

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