WO1992005341A1 - Rotor - Google Patents

Rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992005341A1
WO1992005341A1 PCT/EP1991/001761 EP9101761W WO9205341A1 WO 1992005341 A1 WO1992005341 A1 WO 1992005341A1 EP 9101761 W EP9101761 W EP 9101761W WO 9205341 A1 WO9205341 A1 WO 9205341A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
rotor blade
rotor according
edge
blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1991/001761
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josef Moser
Original Assignee
Josef Moser
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Josef Moser filed Critical Josef Moser
Priority to CA002068539A priority Critical patent/CA2068539A1/en
Publication of WO1992005341A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992005341A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • B64C21/10—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow using other surface properties, e.g. roughness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • F01D5/145—Means for influencing boundary layers or secondary circulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/121—Blades, their form or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
    • F04D29/2272—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for influencing flow or boundary layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/30—Vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/32—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor with roughened surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
    • F05B2250/61—Structure; Surface texture corrugated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
    • F05B2250/61—Structure; Surface texture corrugated
    • F05B2250/611—Structure; Surface texture corrugated undulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F05D2240/127—Vortex generators, turbulators, or the like, for mixing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/301—Cross-sectional characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor with roughened surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
    • F05D2250/61—Structure; Surface texture corrugated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
    • F05D2250/61—Structure; Surface texture corrugated
    • F05D2250/611—Structure; Surface texture corrugated undulated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/10—Drag reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotor for absorbing energy from a flowing medium or for delivering energy to a flowing medium consisting of a hub and at least one rotor blade.
  • Such rotors are widely used in technology.
  • wind turbines are used to absorb energy from a flowing medium, converting the incoming wind energy into rotational energy and then using a generator into electrical current.
  • the energy of the flowing water is converted into turning energy by Kaplan turbines, for example.
  • gas turbines with a large number of blades are also known, which convert the energy of a relaxing gas flow into rotational energy.
  • rotors are also used to deliver energy to a flowing medium.
  • the rotors form so-called stirring elements. In all of the above areas, attempts have long been made to improve the effectiveness of the rotor by shaping it accordingly.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a generic rotor in such a way that the efficiency of the rotor is further improved both in terms of the energy consumption from a flowing medium and when it is delivered to a flowing medium.
  • the at least one rotor blade has at least one aero- or hydrodynamic wave, which forms two edges with the flat part of the rotor blade in such a way that the edge lying in the radial inflow direction is inclined by an angle ⁇ such that it is perpendicular to the rotor blade edges it is directed outwards starting from the rotor blade edge leading in the direction of rotation, while the other edge is perpendicular to the rotor blade edges.
  • the increase in the efficiency of the rotor according to the invention can be explained physically as follows.
  • the energy-generating systems include, for example, the wind turbines, while the energy-emitting systems include, for example, the propeller and the air propeller.
  • the air that flows radially outward via the rotor blade or the water that flows outward which flows outwards due to the centrifugal force acting on the fluid elements, will encounter the obstacles formed by the waves.
  • the present invention particularly advantageously leads to the fact that cavitation can be greatly reduced in the case of rotors rotating in liquid media and can even be completely prevented under certain circumstances. In the case of rotors rotating in gaseous media, the frequently disturbing noise development can also be considerably reduced.
  • the wing edge is torn off at much higher rotational speeds compared to rotors that do not contain the aero- or hydrodynamic waves according to the invention.
  • both the aero and hydrodynamic waves and the rest of the rotor blade have additional corrugations.
  • These corrugations can be shaped depending on the use of the rotor. So while they can be relatively fine, for example, in a gas flow, they are in a water flow correspondingly coarse. Depending on the flow conditions, however, it can also be advantageous to provide coarser corrugations in a gas flow.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that a part of the rotor blade lying radially on the inside remains flat, while the outside of the rotor blade has the aero- or hydrodynamic waves according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic oblique view of part of a rotor blade according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 a section along the line A-A in FIG. 1,
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective part of a rotor arm according to the invention in an oblique view
  • FIG. 4 a side view of a rotor arm according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 a first embodiment of a wind energy converter using the rotor according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 a second embodiment of a wind energy converter using a rotor according to the invention
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of part of a rotor according to the invention, which is designed as a helicopter rotor;
  • FIG. 8 a perspective view of a ship propeller in which the rotor according to the invention is implemented
  • FIG. 9 a perspective view of a Kaplan turbine in which the rotor according to the invention is implemented
  • FIG. 10 a detailed view of the representation according to FIG. 9,
  • FIG. 11b a fan impeller in front and side view, in which the rotor according to the invention is implemented
  • Figure 12 a compressor wheel of a turbocharger in which the rotor according to the invention has been implemented
  • FIG. 13 the final stage blades of a condensation turbine which embody the present invention.
  • the basic improved mode of operation of the rotor according to the invention can be explained with reference to FIG.
  • the rotor blade 10, which is only partially shown here, is essentially flat, with a shaft 12 protruding from the plane to form two edges 14 and 16. This wave is also called aerog. hydrodynamic shaft 12 referred to clear misunderstandings.
  • the rotor blade partially shown here rotates in the tangential direction, which is indicated by the arrow B here.
  • the flow velocity of the fluid flowing around the rotor blade 10 can be shifted by 3 flow velocity components in the radial, tangential and axial direction.
  • the flow in the radial direction runs in the direction of arrow A from the inside of the rotor blade to the outer end of the rotor blade, not shown here.
  • the tangential flow direction is again indicated by the arrow B, while the axial flow direction is perpendicular to the plane of the page.
  • the edge 14 of the rotor blade 10 is inclined by the angle ⁇ relative to the perpendicular 20 to the rotor blade edges 22, 24 by the angle.
  • the edge 16, which the aero- or hydrodynamic wave forms with the flat rotor blade is aligned perpendicular to the rotor blade edges 22 and 24.
  • the fluid flowing outward in the radial direction in accordance with arrow A will, as soon as it strikes the obstacle formed by shaft 12, be partially deflected in arrow direction a. This gives the rotor an additional driving force component.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a rotor blade 10.
  • the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic waves 12 are placed directly next to one another.
  • the inner region of the rotor blade is made smooth, while in the outer region of the rotor blade, the shafts 12 directly adjoin one another.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show two horizontal wind rotors, in which the rotor according to the invention with rotor blades 10 is used.
  • the hub of the rotor is designated 11.
  • the horizontal wind rotor 30 has two symmetrically arranged rotor blades 10.
  • the horizontal wind rotor 35 according to FIG. 6 is asymmetrical, its hub 11 being arranged in the center of gravity of the asymmetrical rotor blade 10.
  • FIG. 7 shows a detail of a helicopter rotor 40, more precisely a helicopter rotor blade 10, in which the inner radius 13 is designed as a conventional smooth profile, while the outer radius region is designed in wave form with aerodynamic waves 12 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a propeller with 4 rotor blades, which are designed according to the invention.
  • the propellers can also have any other number of blades.
  • These blades could also be flat in their inner radius area, which is not shown here.
  • the outer contour of the blade shape of the ship's propeller 50 and also of the other rotors exemplified here are not changed again.
  • FIG. 9 shows a Kaplan turbine 60 which, according to the invention, has shafts 12 in its rotor blades 10.
  • the hub is designated 11.
  • FIG. 10 shows a detail of one of the rotor blades 10 of the Kaplan turbine 60.
  • FIGS. 11a and 11b show a fan 70 which has 6 rotor blades 10 with the shafts 12 according to the invention.
  • the fan 70 has a stabilizer ring 72.
  • FIG. 12 shows a compressor wheel 80 of a turbocharger, with rotor blades 10 which have shafts 12 according to the invention. In addition to the shafts 12, however, they also have corrugations 26, which are to be indicated by the fine lines in FIG.
  • output stage blades of a condensation turbine are shown as rotor blades, which are arranged on a hub 11.
  • fine corrugations 26 are also provided here.
  • rotors for gas turbine blades, other steam turbines, but also rotors for engine blades for nozzles of jet jets etc. can be designed to increase efficiency.

Abstract

A rotor for collecting energy from or for imparting energy to a flowing medium has a hub and at least one rotor blade (10). In order to develop such a rotor so that its efficiency, both for collecting energy from and for imparting energy to a flowing medium, be improved, the rotor blade (10) has at least one aerodynamic or hydrodynamic corrugation that forms two edges (14, 16) with the flat part of the rotor blade. The edge (14) located in the radial direction of inflow is inclined by an angle α with respect to the normal to the rotor blade edges (22, 24), so that this edge, with regard to the rotor blade edge being in the direction of rotation, is outwardly oriented, whereas the other edge (16) is perpendicular to the rotor blade edges (22, 24).

Description

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Rotorrotor
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Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rotor zur Energieaufnahme aus einem strömenden Medium bzw. zur Energieabgabe an ein strömendes Medium bestehend aus einer Nabe und mindestens einem Rotorblatt. The invention relates to a rotor for absorbing energy from a flowing medium or for delivering energy to a flowing medium consisting of a hub and at least one rotor blade.
Derartige Rotoren sind in der Technik weit verbreitet. So dienen beispielsweise zur Energieaufnahme aus einem strömenden Medium Windräder, die die anströmende Windenergie in eine Rotationsenergie und über einen Generator dann in elektrischen Strom umwandeln. Die Energie des strömenden Wassers wird beispielsweise durch Kaplanturbinen in Drehenergie umgewandelt. Schließlich sind auch Gasturbinen mit einer Vielzahl von Schaufeln bekannt, welche die Energie einer sich entspannenden Gasströmung in Rotationsenergie umwandeln. Such rotors are widely used in technology. For example, wind turbines are used to absorb energy from a flowing medium, converting the incoming wind energy into rotational energy and then using a generator into electrical current. The energy of the flowing water is converted into turning energy by Kaplan turbines, for example. Finally, gas turbines with a large number of blades are also known, which convert the energy of a relaxing gas flow into rotational energy.
Andererseits werden Rotoren auch zur Energieabgabe an ein strömendes Medium eingesetzt. Dies geschieht zum einen, um ein Fahrzeug anzutreiben. Beispiele hierfür sind der Schiffspropeller und die Luftschraube eines Flugzeuges. Eine andere Funktion von Rotoren, die Energie an ein strömendes Medium abgeben. besteht darin, das Medium zu durchmischen. Hier bilden die Rotoren sogenannte Rührorgane. In allen vorgenannten Bereichen wird schon seit langem versucht, durch entsprechende Formgebung des Rotors dessen Wirksamkeit zu verbessern. On the other hand, rotors are also used to deliver energy to a flowing medium. On the one hand, this happens to drive a vehicle. Examples of this are the ship's propeller and the propeller of an aircraft. Another function of rotors that deliver energy to a flowing medium. is to mix the medium. Here the rotors form so-called stirring elements. In all of the above areas, attempts have long been made to improve the effectiveness of the rotor by shaping it accordingly.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen gattungsgemäßen Rotor derart weiterzubilden, daß der Wirkungsgrad des Rotors sowohl bei der Energieaufnahme aus einem strömenden Medium als auch bei der Abgabe an ein strömendes Medium weiter verbessert wird. The object of the present invention is to develop a generic rotor in such a way that the efficiency of the rotor is further improved both in terms of the energy consumption from a flowing medium and when it is delivered to a flowing medium.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch den kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Demnach weist das mindestens eine Rotorblatt mindestens eine aero- bzw. hydrodynamische Welle auf, die zwei Kanten mit dem ebenen Teil des Rotorblattes derart bildet, daß die in radialer Anströmrichtung liegende Kante gegenüber der Senkrechten zu den Rotorblattkanten um einen Winkel α derart geneigt ist, daß sie von der in Drehrichtung vorlaufenden Rotorblattkante ausgehend nach außen gerichtet ist, während die andere Kante senkrecht zu den Rotorblattkanten verläuft. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1. Accordingly, the at least one rotor blade has at least one aero- or hydrodynamic wave, which forms two edges with the flat part of the rotor blade in such a way that the edge lying in the radial inflow direction is inclined by an angle α such that it is perpendicular to the rotor blade edges it is directed outwards starting from the rotor blade edge leading in the direction of rotation, while the other edge is perpendicular to the rotor blade edges.
Der Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades des erfindungsgemäßen Rotors läßt sich physikalisch wie folgt erläutern. Hierzu sind zum einen die energieerzeugenden und zum anderen die energieabgebenden Systeme zu betrachten. Zu den energieerzeugenden Systemen gehören beispielsweise die Windturbinen, während zu den energieabgebenden Systemen beispielsweise die Schiffsschraube und der Luftpropeller gehören. Bei den energieaufnehmenden Systemen wird die radial über das Rotorblatt nach außen hin abströmende Luft bzw. das nach außen hin abströmende Wasser, das ja aufgrund der auf die Fluidelemente wirkende Zentrifugalkraft nach außen hin abströmt, auf die durch die Wellen gebildete Hindernisse auftreffen. Durch die entsprechende Anschrägung der Anströmkante der Welle wird ein Teil der radialen Fluidströmung entlang dieser Kante abströmen und dadurch eine zusätzliche Antriebskomponente erzeugen. Bei der Ausführung des Rotors gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung entstehen günstige Druckverhältnisse, das heißt entsprechende Über- und Unterdruckbereiche, die zusätzlich positiv in eine Antriebsbewegung umgesetzt werden können. Bei den energieabgebenden Systemen wirken sich die durch die Wellen aufgebauten Hindernisse in der Art aus, daß sie zu einer Art Konzentrie rung der Strömung führen. Dies kann man sich derart vorstellen, daß die radial nach außen gerichtete Strömungskomponente nunmehr an ihrem einfachen Abströmweg gehindert wird und in Axial- und Tangentialrichtung aus Kontinuitätsgründen umgeleitet wird. Dadurch wird insbesondere die Axialkomponente in erfindungsbegründender Weise verstärkt, wodurch auch der Wirkungsgrad erhöht wird. Die Anströmfläche bzw. die Kontaktfläche mit dem umgebenden Fluid wird um ca. 10 % vergrößert, während sich gleichzeitig aber der Gesamtströmungsquerschnitt nicht vergrößert. The increase in the efficiency of the rotor according to the invention can be explained physically as follows. On the one hand, the energy-generating systems and on the other hand the energy-emitting systems are to be considered. The energy-generating systems include, for example, the wind turbines, while the energy-emitting systems include, for example, the propeller and the air propeller. In the case of the energy-absorbing systems, the air that flows radially outward via the rotor blade or the water that flows outward, which flows outwards due to the centrifugal force acting on the fluid elements, will encounter the obstacles formed by the waves. By appropriately chamfering the leading edge of the shaft, part of the radial fluid flow along it Flow off the edge and thereby create an additional drive component. When the rotor is designed in accordance with the present invention, favorable pressure conditions arise, that is to say corresponding overpressure and underpressure ranges, which can additionally be positively converted into a drive movement. In the energy-emitting systems, the obstacles created by the waves have the effect that they lead to a kind of concentration of the flow. This can be imagined in such a way that the radially outward flow component is now prevented from its simple outflow path and is diverted in the axial and tangential direction for reasons of continuity. As a result, the axial component in particular is strengthened in a manner that justifies the invention, which also increases the efficiency. The inflow area or the contact area with the surrounding fluid is increased by approx. 10%, but at the same time the total flow cross section does not increase.
Besonders vorteilhaft führt die vorliegende Erfindung dazu, daß bei in flüssigen Medien rotierenden Rotoren die Kavitation stark vermindert und unter Umständen sogar ganz verhindert werden kann. Bei in gasförmigen Medien umlaufenden Rotoren kann die häufig störende Geräuschentwicklung ebenfalls erheblich vermindert werden. Der Abriß an der Flügelkante erfolgt hierbei bei wesentlich höheren Umlaufgeschwindigkeiten verglichen zu Rotoren, die die erfindungsgemäßen aero- bzw. hydrodynamischen Wellen nicht beinhalten. The present invention particularly advantageously leads to the fact that cavitation can be greatly reduced in the case of rotors rotating in liquid media and can even be completely prevented under certain circumstances. In the case of rotors rotating in gaseous media, the frequently disturbing noise development can also be considerably reduced. The wing edge is torn off at much higher rotational speeds compared to rotors that do not contain the aero- or hydrodynamic waves according to the invention.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung weisen sowohl die aero- bzw. hydrodynamischen Wellen, wie auch das übrige Rotorblatt zusätzliche Riffelungen auf. Diese Riffelungen können je nach Einsatz des Rotors entsprechend geformt sein. Während sie also beispielsweise bei einer Gasströmung verhältnismäßig fein ausfallen können, sind sie in einer Wasserströ mung entsprechend grober ausgeführt. Je nach Strömungsbedingungen kann es aber auch vorteilhaft sein, in einer Gasströmung gröbere Riffelungen vorzusehen. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, both the aero and hydrodynamic waves and the rest of the rotor blade have additional corrugations. These corrugations can be shaped depending on the use of the rotor. So while they can be relatively fine, for example, in a gas flow, they are in a water flow correspondingly coarse. Depending on the flow conditions, however, it can also be advantageous to provide coarser corrugations in a gas flow.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß ein radial innen liegender Teil des Rotorblattes eben ausgebildet bleibt, während das Rotσrblatt außen die erfindungsgemäßen aero- bzw. hydrodynamischen Wellen aufweist. Hier wird berücksichtigt, daß erst mit zunehmenden Radius entsprechend hohe Fliehkräfte wirken, die im inneren Radiusbereich des Rotorblattes noch nicht auftreten. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that a part of the rotor blade lying radially on the inside remains flat, while the outside of the rotor blade has the aero- or hydrodynamic waves according to the invention. Here it is taken into account that only with increasing radius do correspondingly high centrifugal forces act, which do not yet occur in the inner radius area of the rotor blade.
Bevorzugte Einsatzformen des erfindungsgemäßen Rotors ergeben sich aus den weiter anschließenden Unteransprüchen. Preferred forms of use of the rotor according to the invention result from the subsequent subclaims.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele im folgenden erläutert. Es zeigen: Further details and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:
Figur 1: eine schematische Schrägaufsicht auf einen Teil eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotorblattes; Figure 1 is a schematic oblique view of part of a rotor blade according to the invention;
Figur 2: einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie A-A in Figur 1, FIG. 2: a section along the line A-A in FIG. 1,
Figur 3: einen perspektivisch dargestellten Teil eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotorarmes in Schrägansicht; Figure 3 shows a perspective part of a rotor arm according to the invention in an oblique view;
Figur 4: eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotorarmes, FIG. 4: a side view of a rotor arm according to the invention,
Figur 5: eine erste Ausführungsform eines Windenergiekonverters unter Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Rotors, Figur 6: eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Windenergiekon verters unter Verwendung eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotors, FIG. 5: a first embodiment of a wind energy converter using the rotor according to the invention, FIG. 6: a second embodiment of a wind energy converter using a rotor according to the invention,
Figur 7: eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teils eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotors, der als Hubschrauberrotor ausgeführt ist; Figure 7 is a perspective view of part of a rotor according to the invention, which is designed as a helicopter rotor;
Figur 8: eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Schiffspropellers, in dem der erfindungsgemäße Rotor verwirklicht ist, FIG. 8: a perspective view of a ship propeller in which the rotor according to the invention is implemented,
Figur 9: eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kaplanturbine, in der der erfindungsgemäße Rotor verwirklicht ist, FIG. 9: a perspective view of a Kaplan turbine in which the rotor according to the invention is implemented,
Figur 10: eine Detailansicht der Darstellung gemäß Figur 9, FIG. 10: a detailed view of the representation according to FIG. 9,
Figur 11a, Figure 11a,
Figur 11b: ein Ventilatorlaufrad in Vorder- und Seitenansicht, in dem der erfindungsgemäße Rotor verwirklicht ist,  FIG. 11b: a fan impeller in front and side view, in which the rotor according to the invention is implemented,
Figur 12: ein Verdichterrad eines Turboladers, in dem der erfindungsgemäße Rotor verwirklicht worden ist und Figure 12: a compressor wheel of a turbocharger in which the rotor according to the invention has been implemented and
Figur 13: die Endstufenschaufeln einer Kondensationsturbine, welche die vorliegende Erfindung verwirklichen. Anhand Figur 1 kann die prinzipielle verbesserte Wirkungsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Rotors erläutert werden. Das hier nur teilweise dargestellte Rotorblatt 10 ist im wesentlichen eben ausgeführt, wobei hier eine Welle 12 unter Bildung von 2 Kanten 14 und 16 aus der Ebene herausragt. Diese Welle wird auch als aerobzw. hydrodynamische Welle 12 bezeichnet, um Mißverständnisse auszuräumen. Das hier teilweise dargestellte Rotorblatt dreht sich in tangetialer Richtung, die durch den Pfeil B hier angedeutet ist. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des das Rotorblatt 10 umströmenden Fluids kann durch 3 Strömungsgeschwindigkeitskomponenten in radialer, tangentialer und axialer Richtung verlegt werden. Die Strömung in radialer Richtung verläuft in Richtung des Pfeiles A vom Inneren des Rotorblattes zum hier nicht dargestellten äußeren Ende des Rotorblattes. Die tangentiale Strömungsrichtung ist wiederum durch den Pfeil B angedeutet, während die axiale Strömungsrichtung in der Senkrechten zur Blattebene verläuft. Figure 13: the final stage blades of a condensation turbine which embody the present invention. The basic improved mode of operation of the rotor according to the invention can be explained with reference to FIG. The rotor blade 10, which is only partially shown here, is essentially flat, with a shaft 12 protruding from the plane to form two edges 14 and 16. This wave is also called aerobzw. hydrodynamic shaft 12 referred to clear misunderstandings. The rotor blade partially shown here rotates in the tangential direction, which is indicated by the arrow B here. The flow velocity of the fluid flowing around the rotor blade 10 can be shifted by 3 flow velocity components in the radial, tangential and axial direction. The flow in the radial direction runs in the direction of arrow A from the inside of the rotor blade to the outer end of the rotor blade, not shown here. The tangential flow direction is again indicated by the arrow B, while the axial flow direction is perpendicular to the plane of the page.
Die Kante 14 des Rotorblatts 10 ist um den Winkel α gegenüber der Senkrechten 20 zu den Rotorblattkanten 22, 24 um den Winkel geneigt. Dagegen ist die Kante 16, den die aero- bzw. hydrodynamische Welle mit dem ebenen Rotorblatt bildet senkrecht zu den Rotorblattkanten 22 und 24 ausgerichtet. Das in radialer Richtung entsprechend dem Pfeil A nach außen strömende Fluid wird, sobald es auf das durch die Welle 12 gebildete Hindernis auftrifft teilweise in Pfeilrichtung a umgelenkt werden. Dadurch erhält der Rotor eine zusätzliche Antriebskraftkomponente. Der restliche nicht umgelenkte Anteil der Strömung wird in Pfeilrichtung b über die Welle hinweggeleitet und dann in Pfeilrichtung c weiter über das Blatt in radialer Richtung streichen, bis es eventuell auf die nächste Welle auftrifft. In Figur 2 ist ein Querschnitt durch ein Rotorblatt 10 dargestellt. In der Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die aerodynamischen bzw. hydrodynamischen Wellen 12 unmittelbar aneinander gesetzt. In Figur 4 ist der innere Bereich des Rotorblatts glat ausgeführt, während im äußeren Bereich des Rotorblatts die Wellen 12 unmittelbar aneinander anschließen. The edge 14 of the rotor blade 10 is inclined by the angle α relative to the perpendicular 20 to the rotor blade edges 22, 24 by the angle. In contrast, the edge 16, which the aero- or hydrodynamic wave forms with the flat rotor blade, is aligned perpendicular to the rotor blade edges 22 and 24. The fluid flowing outward in the radial direction in accordance with arrow A will, as soon as it strikes the obstacle formed by shaft 12, be partially deflected in arrow direction a. This gives the rotor an additional driving force component. The rest of the non-deflected portion of the flow is directed over the shaft in the direction of arrow b and then continues to sweep in the direction of arrow c over the blade in the radial direction until it possibly hits the next shaft. FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a rotor blade 10. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic waves 12 are placed directly next to one another. In Figure 4, the inner region of the rotor blade is made smooth, while in the outer region of the rotor blade, the shafts 12 directly adjoin one another.
Die Figuren 5 und 6 zeigen zwei Horizontalwindläufer, bei denen der erfindungsgemäße Rotor mit Rotorblättern 10 eingesetzt ist. Die Nabe des Rotors ist mit 11 bezeichnet. Der Horizontalwindläufer 30 weist zwei symmetrisch angeordnete Rotorblätter 10 auf. Der Horizontalwindläufer 35 gemäß Figur 6 ist asymmetrisch ausgebildet, wobei seine Nabe 11 im Schwerpunkt des asymmetrischen Rotorblattes 10 angeordnet ist. Figur 7 zeigt ein Detail eines Hubschrauberrotors 40, genauer gesagt ein Huberschrauberrotorblatt 10, in welchem der innere Radius 13 als konventionelles glattes Profil ausgebildet ist, während der äußere Radiusbereich entsprechend der vorliegenden Erfindung in Wellenform mit aerodynamischen Wellen 12 ausgebildet ist. FIGS. 5 and 6 show two horizontal wind rotors, in which the rotor according to the invention with rotor blades 10 is used. The hub of the rotor is designated 11. The horizontal wind rotor 30 has two symmetrically arranged rotor blades 10. The horizontal wind rotor 35 according to FIG. 6 is asymmetrical, its hub 11 being arranged in the center of gravity of the asymmetrical rotor blade 10. FIG. 7 shows a detail of a helicopter rotor 40, more precisely a helicopter rotor blade 10, in which the inner radius 13 is designed as a conventional smooth profile, while the outer radius region is designed in wave form with aerodynamic waves 12 in accordance with the present invention.
Figur 8 zeigt eine Schiffsschraube mit 4 Rotorblättern, die entsprechend der Erfindung ausgebildet sind. Selbstverständlich können die Schiffsschrauben auch beliebig andere Blattzahlen aufweisen. Wichtig ist es jedoch, daß alle diese Blätter die Wellen 12 gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung aufweisen. Auch diese Blätter könnten in ihrem inneren Radiusbereich eben ausgeführt sein, was hier nicht näher dargestellt ist. Die äußere Kontur der Blattform des Schiffspropellers 50 und auch der anderen hier beispielhaft aufgeführten Rotoren wird als solche nicht nochmals geändert. Figur 9 zeigt eine Kaplanturbine 60, die gemäß der Erfindung Wellen 12 in ihren Rotorblättern 10 aufweist. Mit 11 ist die Nabe bezeichnet. Figur 10 zeigt ein Detail eines der Rotorblätter 10 der Kaplanturbine 60. Figure 8 shows a propeller with 4 rotor blades, which are designed according to the invention. Of course, the propellers can also have any other number of blades. However, it is important that all of these blades have the shafts 12 according to the present invention. These blades could also be flat in their inner radius area, which is not shown here. As such, the outer contour of the blade shape of the ship's propeller 50 and also of the other rotors exemplified here are not changed again. FIG. 9 shows a Kaplan turbine 60 which, according to the invention, has shafts 12 in its rotor blades 10. The hub is designated 11. FIG. 10 shows a detail of one of the rotor blades 10 of the Kaplan turbine 60.
In den Figuren 11a und 11b ist ein Ventilator 70 dargestellt, der 6 Rotorblätter 10 mit den erfindungsgemäßen Wellen 12 aufweist. Zusätzlich weist der Ventilator 70 einen Stabilisatorring 72 auf. FIGS. 11a and 11b show a fan 70 which has 6 rotor blades 10 with the shafts 12 according to the invention. In addition, the fan 70 has a stabilizer ring 72.
Figur 12 zeigt ein Verdichterrad 80 eines Turboladers, mit Rotorblättern 10, die erfindungsgemäß Wellen 12 aufweisen. Zusätzlich zu den Wellen 12 weisen sie jedoch noch Riffelungen 26 auf, die durch die feinen Striche in Figur 12 angedeutet sein sollen. FIG. 12 shows a compressor wheel 80 of a turbocharger, with rotor blades 10 which have shafts 12 according to the invention. In addition to the shafts 12, however, they also have corrugations 26, which are to be indicated by the fine lines in FIG.
In Figur 13 sind als Rotorblätter 10 Endstufenschaufeln einer Kondensationsturbine dargestellt, die an einer Nabe 11 angeordnet sind. Auch hier sind neben den Wellen 12 feine Riffelungen 26 vorgesehen. In FIG. 13, output stage blades of a condensation turbine are shown as rotor blades, which are arranged on a hub 11. In addition to the shafts 12, fine corrugations 26 are also provided here.
Analog zu den hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen können Rotoren für Gasturbinenschaufeln, sonstigen Dampfturbinen, aber auch Rotoren für Triebwerksschaufeln für Düsen von Düsenjets etc. wirkungsgradsteigernd ausgebildet sein. Analogous to the exemplary embodiments shown here, rotors for gas turbine blades, other steam turbines, but also rotors for engine blades for nozzles of jet jets etc. can be designed to increase efficiency.

Claims

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rotor------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Patentansprüche -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------Rotor--- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- Claims
1. Rotor zur Energieaufnahme aus einem strömendem Medium bzw. zur Energieabgabe an ein strömendes Medium, bestehend aus einer Nabe und mindestens einem Rotorblatt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rotorblatt (10) mindestens eine aero- bzw. 1. Rotor for absorbing energy from a flowing medium or for delivering energy to a flowing medium, consisting of a hub and at least one rotor blade, characterized in that the rotor blade (10) has at least one aero or
hydrodynamische Welle (12), die zwei Kanten (14, 16) mit dem ebenen Teil des Rotorblattes (10) bildet, derart aufweist, daß die in radialer Anströmricäitung (A) liegende Kante gegenüber der Senkrechten (20) zu den Rotorblattkanten (22, 24) um einen Winkel α derart geneigt ist, daß sie von der in Drehrichtung (B) verlaufenden Rotorblattkante (22) ausgehend nach außen gerichtet ist, während die andere Kante (20) senkrscht zu den Flügelkanten (22, 24) verläuft. The hydrodynamic shaft (12), which forms two edges (14, 16) with the flat part of the rotor blade (10), has such that the edge lying in the radial inflow direction (A) is opposite the perpendicular (20) to the rotor blade edges (22, 24) is inclined by an angle α in such a way that it is directed outward from the rotor blade edge (22) running in the direction of rotation (B), while the other edge (20) runs down to the wing edges (22, 24).
2. Rotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aero- bzw. hydrodynamischen Wellen (12), wie auch das übrige Rotorblatt zusätzliche Riffelungen (26) aufweisen. 2. Rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the aero or hydrodynamic waves (12), as well as the rest of the rotor blade have additional corrugations (26).
3. Rotor nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein radial innen liegender Teil (28) des Rotorblattes (10) eben ausgebildet ist, so daß das Rotorblatt (10) nur außen aero- bzw. hydrodynamische Wellen (12) aufweist. 3. Rotor according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that a radially inner part (28) of the rotor blade (10) is flat, so that the rotor blade (10) has only outside aerodynamic or hydrodynamic waves (12) .
4. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Rotor eines Windenergiekonverters (30) einsetzbar ist. 4. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as a rotor of a wind energy converter (30).
5. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Hubschrauberrotor (40) einsetzbar ist. 5. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as a helicopter rotor (40).
6. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Flugzeugpropeller einsetzbar ist. 6. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as an aircraft propeller.
7. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Schiffspropeller (50) einsetzbar ist. 7. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as a ship propeller (50).
8. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Rührorgan einsetzbar ist. 8. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as a stirring element.
9. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Kaplanturbine (60) einsetzbar ist. 9. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as a Kaplan turbine (60).
10. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Lüfter- bzw. Ventilatorrad (70) einsetzbar ist. 10. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as a fan or fan wheel (70).
11. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Verdichterrad (80) eines Turboladers einsetzbar ist. 11. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it can be used as a compressor wheel (80) of a turbocharger.
12. Rotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 12. Rotor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that
daß er als Kondensationsturbine (90) einsetzbar ist.  that it can be used as a condensation turbine (90).
PCT/EP1991/001761 1990-09-14 1991-09-16 Rotor WO1992005341A1 (en)

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JPH05501902A (en) 1993-04-08
EP0500875A1 (en) 1992-09-02
CA2068539A1 (en) 1992-03-15
DE9013099U1 (en) 1991-11-07

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