US20090246033A1 - wind turbine blade - Google Patents
wind turbine blade Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090246033A1 US20090246033A1 US12/102,506 US10250608A US2009246033A1 US 20090246033 A1 US20090246033 A1 US 20090246033A1 US 10250608 A US10250608 A US 10250608A US 2009246033 A1 US2009246033 A1 US 2009246033A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- film
- blade
- layer
- pvdf
- thermoplastic film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- -1 aliphatic isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012761 high-performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920011532 unplasticized polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/41—Opaque
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/536—Hardness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/58—Cuttability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/49336—Blade making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine blade, and more specifically, to an improved surface coating for a wind turbine blade.
- the coating on the surface of a wind turbine blade is exposed to a harsh environment of abrasion, UV, humidity, corrosion, cyclical stresses, and extreme temperature fluctuation and requires a high performance material. Coatings need to retain performance for up to 20 years, putting them in a higher performance and different specification bracket than most civil/automotive applications and additionally be of a cost significantly lower than products typically found in aerospace applications.
- Wind turbine blades are typically coated using either a gelcoat, or are painted.
- Gelcoat is applied directly into the mould during manufacture of the blade and is formulated from a chemical backbone compatible with the substrate laminate, which is usually a polyester, vinylester or an epoxy resin. Painted finishes are normally achieved using variations of cross-linked polyurethane paint, usually supplied as two components (with a polyol and, or polyester resin base and an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent). These are mixed prior to application and the chemical reaction produces the cross linked polyurethane polymer.
- Some blades use a combination of both gelcoat applied into the mould and paint applied to the blade after demoulding. This gives additional service life to the surface.
- Some wind turbine blades have their leading edges taped with impact resistant tape, which is often applied to older blades to repair them.
- a wind turbine blade at least 50% of the surface of which is covered with a self-adhesive thermoplastic film.
- thermoplastic film By applying a self-adhesive thermoplastic film to the blade, the need for a gelcoat or the paint is eliminated. It is estimated that the thermoplastic film will take a similar time to apply as the gelcoat and/or paint. However, it does not require any further treatment once it has been applied thereby reducing significantly the work involved in finishing the blade. Also, the thickness of the film is precisely controlled in advance of its application to the blade ensuring that a surface with a uniform thickness is produced. Film manufacturing techniques allow the composition of the film to be precisely controlled and even to vary across the thickness of the film. The possibility of having variable or poor weathering performance over the lifetime of the blade due to variability in coating production/application processes is therefore almost completely eliminated.
- thermoplastic film may be alphatic polyurethane, vinyl, acrylic or fluorinated thermoplastics such as, PVDF; PVDF+HFP copolymer; THV (PVDF, HFP, TFE); PVF; FEP (TFE, HFP); PFA (TFE, PFVE); CTFE; CTFE+VF2/HFP or a combination of these.
- the thermoplastic may be a single layer, but it is preferably formed of a two layer structure having an outer layer with enhanced UV, erosion, dirt shedding and weather resistant (latterly referred to throughout as ‘weather resistant’)properties compared to the inner layer. This allows weather resistant material which may be relatively expensive, to be concentrated towards the outer surface of the film where it is most effective.
- weather resistant weather resistant material which may be relatively expensive, to be concentrated towards the outer surface of the film where it is most effective.
- the inner layer preferably has enhanced adhesion properties compared to the outer layer. This facilitates the adhesion of the film to the blade.
- One way of achieving the enhanced weather resistant properties of the outer layer and enhanced adhesion properties of the inner layer is for the inner and outer layers to be made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with the outer layer having more PVDF than PMMA and the inner layer having more PMMA than PVDF.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the two layers may be manufactured separately and fused or adhered together. However, preferably, the two layers are co-extruded. This is particularly suitable for a PVDF and PMMA composition as they are very suitable for co-extrusion.
- the thermoplastic film preferably contains pigmentation, and/or fillers to give the film the desired colour. As most wind turbine blades are required to be white this pigmentation is normally achieved by the addition of suitable surface coated grade of rutile titanium dioxide.
- the film preferably also contains amounts of a UV absorber present in levels from 0.1% to 5% based on the film weight. The purpose of the UV absorber is to prevent the passage of damaging UV radiation through the film and into the adhesive layer.
- the UV absorber may be used singly or may be a combination of two different types of UV absorber to obtain optimal results. Examples of such a combination would be a benzophenone and a hindered amine light stabiliser that can act together in a synergistic manner.
- thermoplastic film Another suitable UV absorber for the thermoplastic film is nano titanium dioxide containing surface modified inorganic oxide particles. This can be extremely effective in such a film and has the additional benefit that it is complete stable in the polymer and cannot suffer from “migration” effects. Such migration effects can be volatilisation during film manufacture causing plate-out effects on the extrusion die, or migration effects in service that can lead to reduced weathering performance or even dissbondment of the film. Such a nano titanium dioxide would be present in the film at between 0.1% and 8% of the film weight (excluding the adhesive).
- composition of the film material are by weight percentages for the film excluding the adhesive layer.
- the blades do not have a high gloss and/or high reflectance as this causes an unacceptable nuisance in the finished product when the blades are in service. Therefore, preferably, this effect is minimised by surface treating the film, for example by applying a cold roller to the film as it is extruded and/or by a matting agent incorporated into the film.
- a suitable matting agent would be a light stable acrylic resin of controlled particle size.
- the thickness of the thermoplastic film (excluding the adhesive) is preferably less than 300 ⁇ m, and preferably between 50 and 150 microns thick.
- the film When applying the film to the blade, care must be taken to avoid air bubbles becoming trapped between the film and the blade.
- the film may therefore be porous such that it is air permeable and water impermeable as this helps prevent the formation of air bubbles during the manufacturing process.
- the adhesive is preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive such as a rubber, acrylic, modified acrylic (tackifier modified) or silicone adhesive.
- the invention also extends to a method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade comprising moulding the blade body and adhering a thermoplastic film to at least 50% of the surface of the body.
- the film is preferably applied to the blade body in a number of strips running between the leading and trailing edges of the blade.
- the film can also be preferably applied in a manner with the strips oriented such that the complexity of the curvature in which the film is applied can be markedly reduced.
- edge of one strip may overlap with the edge of an adjacent strip.
- edges of adjacent strips do not overlap and the join is covered with a further strip of thermoplastic film, painted with acrylic or epoxy adhesive, painted with a PVDF paint or hot welded together
- the method preferably also includes the step of heating the thermoplastic film shortly before when/or during its application to the blade body. This is preferably done by blowing hot air onto the film. This increases the flexibility of the film allowing it to be applied more easily to the surface of the blade.
- the film can be applied ‘dry’ to the blade surface or ‘wet’ utilising water or other suitable fluid to enable the film to be more easily positioned without creasing or trapping air.
- the film may be supplied in a number of sections each being specially shaped to fit on an appropriate section of the blade. Preferably, however, the film is applied from a roll. In this case, the film may be trimmed before its application to the blade body. This is particularly useful, for example, around the root of the blade which has a complex shape.
- thermoplastic film may be applied to a full length moulding of the blade.
- the blade is made up of a plurality of modules as disclosed in our earlier application GB 0717690.2.
- the thermoplastic film may either be applied to the individual modules before they are assembled into the finished blade, or the modules may be assembled before the film is applied.
- thermoplastic film comprising an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein: the upper layer comprising
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP polyvinylidene fluoride
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- UV stabilisers and/or absorbers optionally up to 10% matting agent; and (e) optionally up to 40% of an inorganic pigment
- the lower layer comprising (f) a polymer of 10% to 45% of (PVDF), wherein up to 30% of the PVDF may be replaced by hexafluoropropylene (HFP);
- the film has an initial gloss of less than 30% when measured with a reflectometer at an angle of 60° with respect to the film surface.
- the upper layer has a thickness between 40 and 240 microns and the lower layer has a thickness between 10 and 60 microns.
- the UV stabilisers are based on ultrafine ‘nano’ titanium dioxide materials containing surface modified inorganic oxide particles.
- the PVDF contains up to 30% HFP.
- the film further comprises adhesive on the lower layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an entire blade
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a first example of a join between adjacent strips
- FIG. 3 is a cross-section to a second example of a join between adjacent strips
- FIGS. 4A-E show a number of different configurations of strips that could be used
- FIGS. 5A-E show similar configurations to those of FIGS. 4A-E but include an edge protection strip
- FIG. 6 is a cross-section that refers to an example of a film and the underlying blade.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-section through a second example of a film and the underlying blade.
- FIG. 1 A wind turbine blade is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the basic body of the blade may be formed in accordance with conventional techniques in which full length mouldings of each half are made and the two halves are joined together in a clam shell-like construction.
- the blades may have a modular construction as described in our earlier GB application number 0717690.2.
- the blade is covered with a number of strips 1 of self-adhesive of thermoplastic material 6 and adhesive 4 .
- Each strip extends from the leading edge 2 to the trailing edge 3 .
- the opposite side of the blade corresponds to this.
- the strip on one side may overlap slightly with the strip on the opposite side or a further thin strip may be provided along the edge to cover the join between strips in a similar manner to that described in the reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 below.
- each strip overlaps with an adjacent strip.
- the join between the two is shown in more detail in FIG. 3 .
- Adhesive 4 is provided on the lower surface of each strip and will adhere to the underlying blade surface 5 .
- At an overlap portion strip 1 adheres to the surface of the adjacent thermoplastic film 6 as shown.
- FIG. 2 An alternative is shown in which adjacent strips 1 , 1 abut one another and a further strip 7 with adhesive 8 of the same or a similar material runs along the join. The thickness of the material is such that the overlap portion or the further thin strips do not have a significant effect on the performance of the blade.
- the join shown in FIG. 3 may be painted, for example with a PVDF paint and, indeed, this is the current preference.
- the strips 1 are supplied on a roll.
- the strips may have a backing material covering the adhesive that is peeled off before the strip is applied to the blade surface. However, no backing material is necessary if the top surface of the film 1 is of a material that does not adhere to the adhesive. An appropriate amount is unrolled and, if necessary, trimmed to the correct shape. Hot air is then blown onto the strip to make it flexible and the strip is then applied to the blade surface.
- the strip is initially adhered at a location close to one of the edges 23 and are progressively adhered across the blade with the operator being careful to ensure that no air is trapped as the film is progressively adhered.
- FIGS. 4A-E show various configurations of the strips which may be applied to a blade.
- the blades may have the same configuration of strips on both sides, or they may be different.
- the strips may run across the blade ( FIG. 4A ), along the blade ( FIG. 4B ) or diagonally ( FIG. 4C ).
- the root end of the blade, which has the greatest curvature may be provided with a different configuration of strips from the remainder of the blade.
- FIG. 4D the root end of the blade is covered with a number of triangular strips which converge adjacent to the root end.
- the strips either need to be supplied pre-cut, or if they are taken from a roll, require a considerable amount of trimming and this example will be more difficult to produce in practice.
- the example of FIG. 4E provides reasonably good conformity in the curved regions, but the strips can be used from a roll with relatively little trimming.
- FIGS. 5A to 5E are similar to those shown in the corresponding FIG. 4 representations. The only different is that the leading edge is provided with a protective strip 1 A. This extends to both sides of the blade and therefore provides good weather proofing at the leading edge where it is most required.
- FIG. 5A The current preference is for the configuration shown in FIG. 5A as this has a weather proofing strip 1 A on the leading edge, and also the transverse arrangement of strips 1 ensures that the seams between adjacent strips lie substantially in the direction of travel of the blade thereby minimising any turbulence.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-section through the blade surface and a first film consisting of adhesive 4 layer and a thermoplastic film 6 which has a single layer.
- FIG. 7 is similar except that the thermoplastic film 6 has separated into upper 9 and lower 10 layers.
- thermoplastic film 6 is preferably between 50 and 300 microns thick.
- the thermoplastic film preferably consists of 45.9% of polyvinylidene fluoride, 25.5% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 25.6% inorganic pigment.
- the upper layer preferably consists of 52.8% of polyvinylidene fluoride (15% of which is HFP), 22% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 22.2% inorganic pigment to give sufficient colour and opacity.
- the lower layer preferably consists of 22% of polyvinylidene fluoride (15% of which is HFP), 52.8% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 22.2% inorganic pigment to give sufficient colour and opacity.
- the upper layer is of a thickness between 5 and 295 microns and the lower layer is of a thickness between 5 and 295 microns.
- the upper layer preferably being between 40 and 240 microns and the lower layer preferably being between 10 and 60 microns.
- the film may be extruded (in the case of the FIG. 4 example) or co-extruded (in the case of the FIG. 5 example) using an extruder which is well known, for example the type of co-extruder used to manufacture UPVC windows.
- the extruded material may then be subjected to a second surface treatment such as a cold roller to produce the desired lack of reflectiveness of the upper surface.
- the film can then also preferably pass through a second process to coatadhesive onto the lower surface before the film is wound on to a roll ready for transportation.
Abstract
There is provided a wind turbine blade at least 50% of the surface of which is covered with a self-adhesive thermoplastic film. By applying a self-adhesive thermoplastic film to the blade, the need for a gelcoat or the paint is eliminated. It is estimated that the thermoplastic film will take a similar time to apply as the gelcoat and/or paint. However, it does not require any further treatment once it has been applied thereby reducing significantly the work involved in finishing the blade. Also, the thickness of the film is precisely controlled in advance of its application to the blade ensuring that a surface with a uniform thickness is produced.
Description
- This application claims benefit of Great Britain patent application serial number 0805713.5, filed Mar. 28, 2008, which is herein incorporated by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a wind turbine blade, and more specifically, to an improved surface coating for a wind turbine blade.
- The coating on the surface of a wind turbine blade is exposed to a harsh environment of abrasion, UV, humidity, corrosion, cyclical stresses, and extreme temperature fluctuation and requires a high performance material. Coatings need to retain performance for up to 20 years, putting them in a higher performance and different specification bracket than most civil/automotive applications and additionally be of a cost significantly lower than products typically found in aerospace applications.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Wind turbine blades are typically coated using either a gelcoat, or are painted. Gelcoat is applied directly into the mould during manufacture of the blade and is formulated from a chemical backbone compatible with the substrate laminate, which is usually a polyester, vinylester or an epoxy resin. Painted finishes are normally achieved using variations of cross-linked polyurethane paint, usually supplied as two components (with a polyol and, or polyester resin base and an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent). These are mixed prior to application and the chemical reaction produces the cross linked polyurethane polymer. Some blades use a combination of both gelcoat applied into the mould and paint applied to the blade after demoulding. This gives additional service life to the surface.
- Some wind turbine blades have their leading edges taped with impact resistant tape, which is often applied to older blades to repair them.
- The shortcomings of current technology are as follows:
- With so-called ‘in mould’ technology such as gelcoat it is very difficult, if not impossible, to achieve a perfect surface straight out of the mould. Practically, any small variances in mixing quality, viscosity, humidity, substrate condition and operator skill can lead to a large number of cosmetic defects out of the mould but also a number of adhesion problems when in service. In reality a large amount of time and labour (around a third of the labour required to produce the blade) is spent repairing defects in the surface of these blades prior to use and filling manufacturing joins from the mould itself resulting in a cost increase in the blade. These problems, and the probability of a defect in the surface only increases with increasing blade size.
- Painting as a process, in particular spraying, is a very wasteful process and requires a lot of operator skill in order to ensure a consistent coating. Polyurethane coating systems used for wind turbine blades are solvent based and when these are sprayed a large amount of hazardous organic solvent (typically 50% by weight), is released into the atmosphere Spraying of polyurethanes is also a potentially hazardous operation both for workers and the environment due to the isocyanate component in the curing agent which is a sensitising agent and great care has to be taken to prevent fumes of isocyante being inhaled by the operators involved in the spraying operation.
- In addition it is found that, although aliphatic polyurethanes are the highest performing paints available for coating wind turbines, it is often necessary to repair such a coating after little more than five years in service (depending on operating conditions). This is extremely costly and adds additional cost to the service life of the blade as the necessary working life of a wind turbine blade is 20 years.
- According to the present invention, there is provided a wind turbine blade at least 50% of the surface of which is covered with a self-adhesive thermoplastic film.
- By applying a self-adhesive thermoplastic film to the blade, the need for a gelcoat or the paint is eliminated. It is estimated that the thermoplastic film will take a similar time to apply as the gelcoat and/or paint. However, it does not require any further treatment once it has been applied thereby reducing significantly the work involved in finishing the blade. Also, the thickness of the film is precisely controlled in advance of its application to the blade ensuring that a surface with a uniform thickness is produced. Film manufacturing techniques allow the composition of the film to be precisely controlled and even to vary across the thickness of the film. The possibility of having variable or poor weathering performance over the lifetime of the blade due to variability in coating production/application processes is therefore almost completely eliminated.
- Some advantages would be achieved by the film being applied to a significant proportion of the wind turbine blade with conventional techniques being used to coat the remainder of the blade. However, preferably, substantially all of the blade is covered with the film. The thermoplastic film may be alphatic polyurethane, vinyl, acrylic or fluorinated thermoplastics such as, PVDF; PVDF+HFP copolymer; THV (PVDF, HFP, TFE); PVF; FEP (TFE, HFP); PFA (TFE, PFVE); CTFE; CTFE+VF2/HFP or a combination of these.
- The thermoplastic may be a single layer, but it is preferably formed of a two layer structure having an outer layer with enhanced UV, erosion, dirt shedding and weather resistant (latterly referred to throughout as ‘weather resistant’)properties compared to the inner layer. This allows weather resistant material which may be relatively expensive, to be concentrated towards the outer surface of the film where it is most effective. With the two layer structure, the inner layer preferably has enhanced adhesion properties compared to the outer layer. This facilitates the adhesion of the film to the blade.
- One way of achieving the enhanced weather resistant properties of the outer layer and enhanced adhesion properties of the inner layer is for the inner and outer layers to be made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with the outer layer having more PVDF than PMMA and the inner layer having more PMMA than PVDF.
- The two layers may be manufactured separately and fused or adhered together. However, preferably, the two layers are co-extruded. This is particularly suitable for a PVDF and PMMA composition as they are very suitable for co-extrusion.
- The thermoplastic film preferably contains pigmentation, and/or fillers to give the film the desired colour. As most wind turbine blades are required to be white this pigmentation is normally achieved by the addition of suitable surface coated grade of rutile titanium dioxide. The film preferably also contains amounts of a UV absorber present in levels from 0.1% to 5% based on the film weight. The purpose of the UV absorber is to prevent the passage of damaging UV radiation through the film and into the adhesive layer. The UV absorber may be used singly or may be a combination of two different types of UV absorber to obtain optimal results. Examples of such a combination would be a benzophenone and a hindered amine light stabiliser that can act together in a synergistic manner. Another suitable UV absorber for the thermoplastic film is nano titanium dioxide containing surface modified inorganic oxide particles. This can be extremely effective in such a film and has the additional benefit that it is complete stable in the polymer and cannot suffer from “migration” effects. Such migration effects can be volatilisation during film manufacture causing plate-out effects on the extrusion die, or migration effects in service that can lead to reduced weathering performance or even dissbondment of the film. Such a nano titanium dioxide would be present in the film at between 0.1% and 8% of the film weight (excluding the adhesive).
- All of the percentages recited for the composition of the film material are by weight percentages for the film excluding the adhesive layer.
- For a wind turbine blade, it is desirable that the blades do not have a high gloss and/or high reflectance as this causes an unacceptable nuisance in the finished product when the blades are in service. Therefore, preferably, this effect is minimised by surface treating the film, for example by applying a cold roller to the film as it is extruded and/or by a matting agent incorporated into the film. A suitable matting agent would be a light stable acrylic resin of controlled particle size.
- The thickness of the thermoplastic film (excluding the adhesive) is preferably less than 300 μm, and preferably between 50 and 150 microns thick.
- When applying the film to the blade, care must be taken to avoid air bubbles becoming trapped between the film and the blade. The film may therefore be porous such that it is air permeable and water impermeable as this helps prevent the formation of air bubbles during the manufacturing process.
- The adhesive is preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive such as a rubber, acrylic, modified acrylic (tackifier modified) or silicone adhesive.
- The invention also extends to a method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade comprising moulding the blade body and adhering a thermoplastic film to at least 50% of the surface of the body.
- The film is preferably applied to the blade body in a number of strips running between the leading and trailing edges of the blade. The film can also be preferably applied in a manner with the strips oriented such that the complexity of the curvature in which the film is applied can be markedly reduced.
- The edge of one strip may overlap with the edge of an adjacent strip. Alternatively, the edges of adjacent strips do not overlap and the join is covered with a further strip of thermoplastic film, painted with acrylic or epoxy adhesive, painted with a PVDF paint or hot welded together
- Similar considerations may apply at the leading and trailing edges where the adjacent strips may either overlap or the join may be covered with a further strip of thermoplastic film extending along the edge.
- The method preferably also includes the step of heating the thermoplastic film shortly before when/or during its application to the blade body. This is preferably done by blowing hot air onto the film. This increases the flexibility of the film allowing it to be applied more easily to the surface of the blade.
- The film can be applied ‘dry’ to the blade surface or ‘wet’ utilising water or other suitable fluid to enable the film to be more easily positioned without creasing or trapping air.
- The film may be supplied in a number of sections each being specially shaped to fit on an appropriate section of the blade. Preferably, however, the film is applied from a roll. In this case, the film may be trimmed before its application to the blade body. This is particularly useful, for example, around the root of the blade which has a complex shape.
- The thermoplastic film may be applied to a full length moulding of the blade. However, it is also possible that the blade is made up of a plurality of modules as disclosed in our earlier application GB 0717690.2. In this case, the thermoplastic film may either be applied to the individual modules before they are assembled into the finished blade, or the modules may be assembled before the film is applied.
- According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a two layer thermoplastic film comprising an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein: the upper layer comprising
- (a) 50% to 85% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), wherein up to 30% of the PVDF may be replaced by hexafluoropropylene (HFP);
(b) 10% to 45% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA);
(c) optionally up to 8% UV stabilisers and/or absorbers;
(d) optionally up to 10% matting agent; and
(e) optionally up to 40% of an inorganic pigment;
the lower layer comprising
(f) a polymer of 10% to 45% of (PVDF), wherein up to 30% of the PVDF may be replaced by hexafluoropropylene (HFP); - (h) optionally up to 8% UV stabilisers/absorbers;
(i) optionally up to 10% matting agent; and
(j) optionally up to 40% of an inorganic pigment; - wherein the film has an initial gloss of less than 30% when measured with a reflectometer at an angle of 60° with respect to the film surface.
- Preferably the upper layer has a thickness between 40 and 240 microns and the lower layer has a thickness between 10 and 60 microns.
- Preferably the UV stabilisers are based on ultrafine ‘nano’ titanium dioxide materials containing surface modified inorganic oxide particles.
- Preferably the PVDF contains up to 30% HFP.
- Preferably the film further comprises adhesive on the lower layer.
- It should be understood that any of the preferred features of the method referred to above may be applied in combination with any of the preferred features of the blade referred to above.
- So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an entire blade; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a first example of a join between adjacent strips; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-section to a second example of a join between adjacent strips; -
FIGS. 4A-E show a number of different configurations of strips that could be used; -
FIGS. 5A-E show similar configurations to those ofFIGS. 4A-E but include an edge protection strip; -
FIG. 6 is a cross-section that refers to an example of a film and the underlying blade; and -
FIG. 7 is a cross-section through a second example of a film and the underlying blade. - A wind turbine blade is shown in
FIG. 1 . The basic body of the blade may be formed in accordance with conventional techniques in which full length mouldings of each half are made and the two halves are joined together in a clam shell-like construction. Alternatively, the blades may have a modular construction as described in our earlier GB application number 0717690.2. - The present invention is concerned only with the surface coating. As can be seen from
FIG. 1 , the blade is covered with a number of strips 1 of self-adhesive ofthermoplastic material 6 andadhesive 4. Each strip extends from theleading edge 2 to the trailingedge 3. The opposite side of the blade corresponds to this. At these leading and trailingedges FIGS. 2 and 3 below. - As can be seen from
FIG. 1 , each strip overlaps with an adjacent strip. The join between the two is shown in more detail inFIG. 3 .Adhesive 4 is provided on the lower surface of each strip and will adhere to theunderlying blade surface 5. At an overlap portion strip 1 adheres to the surface of theadjacent thermoplastic film 6 as shown. An alternative is shown inFIG. 2 in which adjacent strips 1, 1 abut one another and a further strip 7 withadhesive 8 of the same or a similar material runs along the join. The thickness of the material is such that the overlap portion or the further thin strips do not have a significant effect on the performance of the blade. As an alternative, the join shown inFIG. 3 may be painted, for example with a PVDF paint and, indeed, this is the current preference. - The strips 1 are supplied on a roll. The strips may have a backing material covering the adhesive that is peeled off before the strip is applied to the blade surface. However, no backing material is necessary if the top surface of the film 1 is of a material that does not adhere to the adhesive. An appropriate amount is unrolled and, if necessary, trimmed to the correct shape. Hot air is then blown onto the strip to make it flexible and the strip is then applied to the blade surface. The strip is initially adhered at a location close to one of the edges 23 and are progressively adhered across the blade with the operator being careful to ensure that no air is trapped as the film is progressively adhered.
-
FIGS. 4A-E show various configurations of the strips which may be applied to a blade. The blades may have the same configuration of strips on both sides, or they may be different. The strips may run across the blade (FIG. 4A ), along the blade (FIG. 4B ) or diagonally (FIG. 4C ). Alternatively, the root end of the blade, which has the greatest curvature may be provided with a different configuration of strips from the remainder of the blade. InFIG. 4D the root end of the blade is covered with a number of triangular strips which converge adjacent to the root end. These strips offer the greatest degree of conformity with the blade curvature and this example will be most useful for a relatively un-pliable material. However, in the example ofFIG. 4D the strips either need to be supplied pre-cut, or if they are taken from a roll, require a considerable amount of trimming and this example will be more difficult to produce in practice. As a compromise, the example ofFIG. 4E provides reasonably good conformity in the curved regions, but the strips can be used from a roll with relatively little trimming. - The examples of
FIGS. 5A to 5E are similar to those shown in the correspondingFIG. 4 representations. The only different is that the leading edge is provided with aprotective strip 1A. This extends to both sides of the blade and therefore provides good weather proofing at the leading edge where it is most required. - The current preference is for the configuration shown in
FIG. 5A as this has aweather proofing strip 1A on the leading edge, and also the transverse arrangement of strips 1 ensures that the seams between adjacent strips lie substantially in the direction of travel of the blade thereby minimising any turbulence. - The nature of the thermoplastic film and adhesive will now be described in greater detail with reference to
FIGS. 6 and 7 .FIG. 6 is a cross-section through the blade surface and a first film consisting of adhesive 4 layer and athermoplastic film 6 which has a single layer.FIG. 7 is similar except that thethermoplastic film 6 has separated into upper 9 and lower 10 layers. - In all cases, the
thermoplastic film 6 is preferably between 50 and 300 microns thick. - For the single layer of
FIG. 4 , the thermoplastic film preferably consists of 45.9% of polyvinylidene fluoride, 25.5% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 25.6% inorganic pigment. - For the double layer of
FIG. 5 , the upper layer preferably consists of 52.8% of polyvinylidene fluoride (15% of which is HFP), 22% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 22.2% inorganic pigment to give sufficient colour and opacity. The lower layer preferably consists of 22% of polyvinylidene fluoride (15% of which is HFP), 52.8% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 22.2% inorganic pigment to give sufficient colour and opacity. - For the double layer of
FIG. 5 the upper layer is of a thickness between 5 and 295 microns and the lower layer is of a thickness between 5 and 295 microns. With the upper layer preferably being between 40 and 240 microns and the lower layer preferably being between 10 and 60 microns. - The film may be extruded (in the case of the
FIG. 4 example) or co-extruded (in the case of theFIG. 5 example) using an extruder which is well known, for example the type of co-extruder used to manufacture UPVC windows. The extruded material may then be subjected to a second surface treatment such as a cold roller to produce the desired lack of reflectiveness of the upper surface. The film can then also preferably pass through a second process to coatadhesive onto the lower surface before the film is wound on to a roll ready for transportation. - While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (26)
1. A wind turbine blade at least 50% of the surface of which is covered with a self-adhesive, thermoplastic film.
2. The blade according to claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the blade is covered with the film.
3. The blade according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic film comprises a two layer structure having an outer layer with enhanced weather resistant properties compared to the inner layer.
4. The blade according to claim 3 , wherein the inner layer has enhanced adhesion properties compared to the outer layer.
5. The blade according to claim 3 , wherein the inner and outer layers include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with the outer layer having more PVDF than PMMA and the inner layer having more PMMA than PVDF.
6. The blade according to claim 3 , wherein the layers are co-extruded.
7. The blade according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic film has an initial gloss of less than 30% when measured with a reflectometer at an angle of 60° with respect to the film surface.
8. The blade according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic layer is less than 300 μm thick.
9. The blade according to claim 1 , wherein the film is porous such that it is air permeable and water impermeable.
10. The blade according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive is an acrylic adhesive.
11. A method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade comprising moulding the blade body and adhering a thermoplastic film to at least 50% of the surface of the body.
12. The method of manufacturing according to claim 11 , wherein the film is applied in a number of strips running between the leading and trailing edges of the blade.
13. The method of manufacturing according to claim 11 , wherein the film is applied in a number of strips arranged to reduce the complexity of curvature of each strip.
14. The method of manufacturing according to claim 12 , wherein the edge of one strip overlaps with the edge of an adjacent strip.
15. The method of manufacturing according to claim 12 , wherein edges of adjacent strip do not overlap and the join is covered with a further strip of thermoplastic film.
16. The method of manufacturing according to claim 12 , wherein edges of adjacent strip do not overlap and the join is painted with a PVDF paint.
17. The method of manufacturing according to claim 11 , wherein the thermoplastic film is heated shortly before and/or during its application to the blade body.
18. The method of manufacturing according to claim 11 , wherein the blade body is wetted with a suitable fluid shortly before the application of the thermoplastic film to the blade body.
19. The method of manufacturing according to claim 11 , wherein the film is trimmed before its application to the blade body.
20. The method of manufacturing according to claim 11 of making a blade according to claim 1 .
21. A two layer thermoplastic film comprising an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein:
the upper layer comprising
(a) 50% to 85% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), wherein up to 30% of the polyvinylidene fluoride may be replaced by hexafluoropropylene (HFP);
(b) 10% to 45% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA);
(c) optionally up to 8% UV stabilisers and/or absorbers;
(d) optionally up to 10% matting agent; and
(e) optionally up to 40% of an inorganic pigment.
the lower layer comprising
(f) a polymer of 10% to 45% of (PVDF), wherein up to 30% of the polyvinylidene fluoride may be replaced by hexafluoropropylene (HFP);
(g) 50% to 85% PMMA;
(h) optionally up to 8% UV stabilisers/absorbers;
(i) optionally up to 10% matting agent; and
(j) optionally up to 40% of an inorganic pigment;
wherein the film has an initial gloss of less than 30% when measured with a reflectometer at an angle of 60 degrees.
22. The two layer film according to claim 21 wherein the upper layer has a thickness between 40 and 240 μm and the lower layer has a thickness between 10 and 60 μm.
23. The two layer film according to claim 21 , wherein the UV stabilisers are based on ultrafine ‘nano’ titanium dioxide materials containing surface modified inorganic oxide particles.
24. The two layer film according to claim 21 , wherein the PVDF contains up to 30% HFP.
25. The two layer film according to claim 21 , further comprising adhesive on the lower layer.
26. The two layer film according to claim 21 , wherein there is at least 0.5% matting agent in at least one layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0805713.5 | 2008-03-28 | ||
GBGB0805713.5A GB0805713D0 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2008-03-28 | A wind turbine blade |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090246033A1 true US20090246033A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
Family
ID=39386953
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/102,506 Abandoned US20090246033A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2008-04-14 | wind turbine blade |
US12/935,236 Abandoned US20110097211A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-30 | Wind turbine blade |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/935,236 Abandoned US20110097211A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-30 | Wind turbine blade |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20090246033A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2274514B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102027230B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0909453B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2274514T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2743148T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0805713D0 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2274514T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009118545A1 (en) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100098549A1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-22 | Gabriel Mironov | Wind Turbine Blade |
US20110058950A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-03-10 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Protecting film for blade of wind power generator |
US20110187117A1 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-08-04 | Syneola Sa | Substantially spherical multi-blade wind turbine |
US20110293420A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2011-12-01 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade with device for changing the aerodynamic surface or shape |
US20120034094A1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2012-02-09 | Xemc Darwind B.V. | Protected wind turbine blade, a method of manufacturing it and a wind turbine |
CN102350801A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2012-02-15 | 连云港中复连众复合材料集团有限公司 | Method for bonding front edges of megawatt wind power generator blade in mold closing |
CN102627011A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-08 | 三一电气有限责任公司 | Blade reinforcing and repairing method |
CN102705155A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-10-03 | 通用电气公司 | Method for repairing a wind turbine blade |
US8382440B2 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2013-02-26 | Modular Wind Energy, Inc. | Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use |
US20130101417A1 (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2013-04-25 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine rotor blades with ultraviolet light-reflective substances |
WO2015028320A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Hydraulic power plant |
US20150132140A1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-05-14 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Erosion shield for a wind turbine blade |
US9062654B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2015-06-23 | American Wind Technologies, Inc. | Modular micro wind turbine |
US20160046088A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-02-18 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Wind turbine blade repair method |
US9331534B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-05-03 | American Wind, Inc. | Modular micro wind turbine |
US20160215757A1 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2016-07-28 | Blade Dynamics Limited | Erosion resistant aerodynamic fairing |
US9470205B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-10-18 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blades with layered, multi-component spars, and associated systems and methods |
US9500179B2 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2016-11-22 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Segmented wind turbine blades with truss connection regions, and associated systems and methods |
DE102015115190A1 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Fichtner & Schicht GmbH | Wind turbine |
US9970304B2 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2018-05-15 | General Electric Company | Rotor blade root assembly for a wind turbine |
US20180209400A1 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2018-07-26 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | A wind turbine blade having an erosion shield |
US10060411B2 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2018-08-28 | General Electric Company | Rotor blade root assembly for a wind turbine |
US11572861B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2023-02-07 | General Electric Company | Method for forming a rotor blade for a wind turbine |
Families Citing this family (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009058101A1 (en) | 2009-12-12 | 2011-06-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Use of layer structures in wind turbines |
EP2497943B1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2013-12-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wind turbine blade with an improved surface |
KR101390850B1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-05-08 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Wind turbine blade |
US10337490B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2019-07-02 | General Electric Company | Structural component for a modular rotor blade |
US9897065B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2018-02-20 | General Electric Company | Modular wind turbine rotor blades and methods of assembling same |
US10071532B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2018-09-11 | General Electric Company | Rotor blades having thermoplastic components and methods of assembling same |
US10113531B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2018-10-30 | General Electric Company | Methods for repairing wind turbine rotor blades |
US10533533B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2020-01-14 | General Electric Company | Modular wind turbine rotor blade constructed of multiple resin systems |
US10830205B2 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Rotor blades having thermoplastic components and methods of assembling same |
US10584678B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2020-03-10 | General Electric Company | Shear web for a wind turbine rotor blade |
US10422315B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2019-09-24 | General Electric Company | Pultruded components for a shear web of a wind turbine rotor blade |
US10533534B2 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2020-01-14 | General Electric Company | Composite layers for bonding components of a wind turbine rotor blade |
US10197041B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2019-02-05 | General Electric Company | Methods for joining surface features to wind turbine rotor blades |
US10161381B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2018-12-25 | General Electric Company | Rotor blades having thermoplastic components and methods for joining rotor blade components |
US11125205B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2021-09-21 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for joining blade components of rotor blades |
US10138867B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2018-11-27 | General Electric Company | Methods for assembling rotor blades |
US10151297B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2018-12-11 | General Electric Company | Methods for joining shear clips in wind turbine rotor blades |
US10240577B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2019-03-26 | General Electric Company | Thermoplastic airflow modifying elements for wind turbine rotor blades |
US9981433B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-05-29 | General Electric Company | Methods for modifying wind turbine blade molds |
US10316818B2 (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2019-06-11 | General Electric Company | Thermoset component having a weldable thermoplastic interface |
CN108223264B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-11-15 | 中材科技风电叶片股份有限公司 | A kind of blade of wind-driven generator, blade surface safeguard structure and its construction method |
CN106499578B (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2023-11-21 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Wind power blade tip extension structure and method |
DK3535490T3 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2022-12-05 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy As | Method for applying a protective layer to a wind turbine rotor blade |
US10830206B2 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Methods for manufacturing wind turbine rotor blades and components thereof |
US11098691B2 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2021-08-24 | General Electric Company | Methods for manufacturing wind turbine rotor blades and components thereof |
WO2018142370A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Composition and method for prevention of leading edge errosion in wind turbines |
US10641240B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2020-05-05 | General Electric Company | Methods of joining rotor blade components using thermoplastic welding |
US10821652B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2020-11-03 | General Electric Company | Vacuum forming mold assembly and method for creating a vacuum forming mold assembly |
US11040503B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2021-06-22 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for manufacturing composite airfoils |
US10913216B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2021-02-09 | General Electric Company | Methods for manufacturing wind turbine rotor blade panels having printed grid structures |
US11668275B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2023-06-06 | General Electric Company | Methods for manufacturing an outer skin of a rotor blade |
US10773464B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2020-09-15 | General Electric Company | Method for manufacturing composite airfoils |
US10865769B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2020-12-15 | General Electric Company | Methods for manufacturing wind turbine rotor blade panels having printed grid structures |
US11248582B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2022-02-15 | General Electric Company | Multiple material combinations for printed reinforcement structures of rotor blades |
US11390013B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2022-07-19 | General Electric Company | Vacuum forming mold assembly and associated methods |
US10920745B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2021-02-16 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine rotor blade components and methods of manufacturing the same |
CN107903422B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-05-07 | 上海高恒材料科技有限公司 | Fan blade leading edge protective layer technology |
US10821696B2 (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2020-11-03 | General Electric Company | Methods for manufacturing flatback airfoils for wind turbine rotor blades |
US11035339B2 (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2021-06-15 | General Electric Company | Shear web assembly interconnected with additive manufactured components |
US11143164B1 (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2021-10-12 | Epic Metals Corporation | Vertical windmill blade |
DE102019103304A1 (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2020-08-13 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Method for repairing a wind turbine rotor blade |
CN110626132A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-31 | 安徽建筑大学 | Amphibious robot |
CN112592503B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-11-01 | 佛山佛塑科技集团股份有限公司 | Wind power blade leading edge protective material and preparation method and application thereof |
EP4177045A1 (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-10 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Method of repairing a wind turbine blade and respectively repaired wind turbine blade |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5132164A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1992-07-21 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluorine resin type weather-resistant film |
US6811859B2 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-11-02 | Atofina | Composition coextrudable with PVDF |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2941911A (en) * | 1955-11-15 | 1960-06-21 | Du Pont | Method of forming continuous structures of polytetrafluoroethylene |
US4247258A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1981-01-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite wind turbine blade |
JP2594329B2 (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1997-03-26 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Low-gloss fluororesin-based outdoor film or sheet and method for producing the same |
CN2044658U (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1989-09-20 | 上海化工机械二厂 | Fan blade made of hollow glass steel |
US5256472A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1993-10-26 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluorine resin type weather-resistant film |
US5375324A (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1994-12-27 | Flowind Corporation | Vertical axis wind turbine with pultruded blades |
US5486096A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Erosion resistant surface protection |
US5848769A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-12-15 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Drag reduction article |
AU4810500A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-17 | Office Of Technology Liaison | Minimization of motion smear: an approach to reducing avian collisions with windturbines |
DK200201743A (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-13 | Lm Glasfiber As | Shaping device with closing mechanism |
US7070850B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-07-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Drag reduction article and method of use |
EP1729946A1 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2006-12-13 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Mould for preparing large structures, methods of preparing mould and use of mould |
DK176418B1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-01-21 | Lm Glasfiber As | Process for producing a fiber-reinforced part for a wind power plant |
JP4117289B2 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2008-07-16 | ゼファー株式会社 | Windmill blade, wind turbine generator and blower |
EP2502679B1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2017-11-22 | Hontek Corporation | Method for protecting and repairing an airfoil Surface |
ATE537356T1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2011-12-15 | Vestas Wind Sys As | WIND TURBINE ROTOR BLADE AND PITCH CONTROLLED WIND TURBINE |
US8603628B2 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2013-12-10 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Turbine blade protective barrier |
-
2008
- 2008-03-28 GB GBGB0805713.5A patent/GB0805713D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-04-14 US US12/102,506 patent/US20090246033A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-03-30 PL PL09725403T patent/PL2274514T3/en unknown
- 2009-03-30 BR BRPI0909453A patent/BRPI0909453B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-03-30 CN CN200980114985.8A patent/CN102027230B/en active Active
- 2009-03-30 EP EP09725403.1A patent/EP2274514B1/en active Active
- 2009-03-30 US US12/935,236 patent/US20110097211A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-03-30 DK DK09725403.1T patent/DK2274514T3/en active
- 2009-03-30 WO PCT/GB2009/000851 patent/WO2009118545A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-30 ES ES09725403T patent/ES2743148T3/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5132164A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1992-07-21 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluorine resin type weather-resistant film |
US6811859B2 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-11-02 | Atofina | Composition coextrudable with PVDF |
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110187117A1 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-08-04 | Syneola Sa | Substantially spherical multi-blade wind turbine |
US8899923B2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2014-12-02 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade with device for changing the aerodynamic surface or shape |
US20110293420A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2011-12-01 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade with device for changing the aerodynamic surface or shape |
US20100098549A1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-22 | Gabriel Mironov | Wind Turbine Blade |
US9845787B2 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2017-12-19 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use |
US8382440B2 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2013-02-26 | Modular Wind Energy, Inc. | Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use |
US9518558B2 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2016-12-13 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use |
US20120034094A1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2012-02-09 | Xemc Darwind B.V. | Protected wind turbine blade, a method of manufacturing it and a wind turbine |
US8961142B2 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2015-02-24 | Xemc Darwind B.V. | Protected wind turbine blade, a method of manufacturing it and a wind turbine |
US20130243605A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2013-09-19 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Protecting film for blade of wind power generator |
US20110058950A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-03-10 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Protecting film for blade of wind power generator |
US9500179B2 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2016-11-22 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Segmented wind turbine blades with truss connection regions, and associated systems and methods |
CN102705155A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-10-03 | 通用电气公司 | Method for repairing a wind turbine blade |
CN102350801A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2012-02-15 | 连云港中复连众复合材料集团有限公司 | Method for bonding front edges of megawatt wind power generator blade in mold closing |
US20130101417A1 (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2013-04-25 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine rotor blades with ultraviolet light-reflective substances |
US9752444B2 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2017-09-05 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Erosion shield for a wind turbine blade |
US20150132140A1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-05-14 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Erosion shield for a wind turbine blade |
US9331534B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-05-03 | American Wind, Inc. | Modular micro wind turbine |
US9062654B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2015-06-23 | American Wind Technologies, Inc. | Modular micro wind turbine |
CN102627011A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-08 | 三一电气有限责任公司 | Blade reinforcing and repairing method |
US9470205B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-10-18 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blades with layered, multi-component spars, and associated systems and methods |
US9610739B2 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2017-04-04 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Wind turbine blade repair method |
US20160046088A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-02-18 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Wind turbine blade repair method |
US20160215757A1 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2016-07-28 | Blade Dynamics Limited | Erosion resistant aerodynamic fairing |
US10240578B2 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2019-03-26 | Blade Dynamics Limited | Erosion resistant aerodynamic fairing |
WO2015028320A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Hydraulic power plant |
US20180209400A1 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2018-07-26 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | A wind turbine blade having an erosion shield |
US11092133B2 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2021-08-17 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Wind turbine blade having an erosion shield |
US9970304B2 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2018-05-15 | General Electric Company | Rotor blade root assembly for a wind turbine |
US10060411B2 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2018-08-28 | General Electric Company | Rotor blade root assembly for a wind turbine |
DE102015115190A1 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Fichtner & Schicht GmbH | Wind turbine |
US11572861B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2023-02-07 | General Electric Company | Method for forming a rotor blade for a wind turbine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009118545A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
DK2274514T3 (en) | 2019-08-12 |
US20110097211A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
BRPI0909453B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
CN102027230A (en) | 2011-04-20 |
EP2274514B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
GB0805713D0 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
PL2274514T3 (en) | 2020-01-31 |
ES2743148T3 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
EP2274514A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
BRPI0909453A2 (en) | 2015-12-22 |
CN102027230B (en) | 2015-01-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20090246033A1 (en) | wind turbine blade | |
CN105283303B (en) | Wind turbine blade restorative procedure | |
TWI551778B (en) | Rotor blade element for a wind turbine, rotor blade, and a production process therefor and wind turbine with rotor blade | |
CA2654772A1 (en) | A wind turbine blade and a pitch controlled wind turbine | |
JP2012524211A (en) | Rotor blade, rotor blade element and manufacturing method | |
US20200166015A1 (en) | A method of coating a rotor blade for a wind turbine | |
NL2016897B1 (en) | Composite sheet material useful as vehicle roof panel, and method of its manufacture | |
CN109837036A (en) | A kind of anti-scratch anti-pollution TPU vehicle body protective film and its production technology | |
DK2259914T4 (en) | Application of gelcoat to part of wind power plants | |
KR101240691B1 (en) | Waterproof Tape, Manufacturing Method thereof, and Waterproof Method using it | |
US6120886A (en) | Thermally reflective substrate wrap | |
ES2392345T3 (en) | Procedure for coating a profile | |
CN110740854A (en) | Repair filament and method for repairing wind turbine protection tape | |
CN114474817B (en) | Device and method for connecting blade tip structures of horizontal-axis wind turbine generator system | |
CN211950753U (en) | Fan blade maintains and technical improvement uses structure | |
US6391143B1 (en) | Thermally reflective substrate coating and method for making and applying same | |
CN106016652B (en) | Outer wind deflector of a kind of air-conditioning and preparation method thereof and include its air-conditioning | |
CA3209008A1 (en) | A wind turbine blade with a fairing | |
CN113801591A (en) | Preparation process and construction method of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) -based anti-icing composite film based on radio frequency plasma treatment | |
PL230525B1 (en) | Wind turbine blade | |
CN110199114A (en) | Differential fan blade Finish System | |
JP2000000905A (en) | Coating material | |
JPH0929844A (en) | Colored cover and mounting method for the cover |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BLADE DYNAMICS LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RUDLING, PAUL;REEL/FRAME:021177/0751 Effective date: 20080625 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |