US20090055030A1 - Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm - Google Patents
Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090055030A1 US20090055030A1 US11/842,585 US84258507A US2009055030A1 US 20090055030 A1 US20090055030 A1 US 20090055030A1 US 84258507 A US84258507 A US 84258507A US 2009055030 A1 US2009055030 A1 US 2009055030A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- active power
- wind
- turbines
- reserve
- farm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/048—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
- H02J3/472—For selectively connecting the AC sources in a particular order, e.g. sequential, alternating or subsets of sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/82—Forecasts
- F05B2260/821—Parameter estimation or prediction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
- F05B2270/1033—Power (if explicitly mentioned)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/335—Output power or torque
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
- Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid
Definitions
- Apparatuses, methods and articles of manufacture consistent with the present invention relate to the field of wind power generation, and, more particularly, advanced wind-farm power management.
- an electric power grid (“grid”) it is necessary to continuously match the power consumption and generation in order to keep the frequency and voltage within the grid within allowed limits.
- the electric utility continuously monitors both magnitudes and must be able to issue commands to generation units in order to stabilize the electric power grid.
- This method in conjunction with the control of reactive power reserve described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/615,241 allows the complete control of the wind-farm so as to appear as a conventional power plant.
- the active power system described here is even able to manage an active power reserve in order to cope with eventual grid contingencies. In this way, control of the active power reserve is granted a key role in a wind farm power production strategy.
- API active power observer mode
- APRM active power reserving mode
- the power output is controlled in accord with the maximum power available with the actual wind conditions or, at least, without regard to maintaining an active power reserve.
- the wind-farm controller does not impose any constraint in the active power generated by the wind-turbine.
- the wind-farm controller issues a command that limits the maximum active power output from the wind-turbine. Therefore, the wind farm's total active power production will be maintained below the maximum power available based on actual wind conditions. Accordingly, there is additional power potential available in the wind farm based on the actual wind conditions. Thus, the actual power output is lower than the maximum power output attainable based on the estimation obtained from the wind turbines operate in APOM.
- An aspect of an embodiment of the present invention is the optional use of at least one controlled load (CL) in order to take advantage of the active power reserve in the wind farm.
- a controlled load could be used as an electric load or as an energy storage unit such as a hydrogen generator, a flywheel, etc.
- the controlled load is subordinated to the grid active reserve requirements. In case the grid needs extra power, the controlled load power consumption could be ramped down or even switched off.
- the wind farm central control employs the wind-turbines operating in APOM to measure the power available in the wind-farm.
- wind-turbines operating in APRM are commanded to achieve the desired active power reserve for the wind-farm.
- FIG. 1 Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind farm that has an active power reserve control system topology and the hardware elements of the wind farm.
- FIG. 2 a Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind farm central control (WFCC) for the control of an active power reserve in a wind farm.
- WFCC wind farm central control
- FIG. 2 b Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind farm central control (WFCC) where the grid frequency stability is an input to the optimization algorithm.
- WFCC wind farm central control
- FIG. 3 Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine relative control (WTRC).
- WTRC wind turbine relative control
- FIG. 4 Illustrates an exemplary embodiment wherein an optimization algorithm uses the active power reserve to support the grid frequency.
- FIG. 5 Is a flowchart that illustrates method for showing the determination of the number of wind turbines in APRM and APOM states.
- FIG. 6 Is a flowchart that illustrates methods of operating wind turbines in a wind farm.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary topology of a wind farm with an active power reserve system is shown in FIG. 1 .
- This system includes of a plurality of wind turbines ( 101 1 through 101 n ) and two subsystems: the wind farm central control (WFCC) ( 100 ), shown in detail in FIG. 2 a and FIG. 2 b , which can be located in the substation or point of common coupling (PCC) ( 103 ), and the wind turbine relative control (WTRC) ( 300 1 through 300 n ), shown in detail in FIG. 3 , which is carried out in at least one of the wind-turbines in the wind farm (see 101 1 through 101 n in FIG. 1 ).
- FIG. 1 The wind farm central control (WFCC) ( 100 ), shown in detail in FIG. 2 a and FIG. 2 b , which can be located in the substation or point of common coupling (PCC) ( 103 ), and the wind turbine relative control (WTRC) ( 300 1 through 300 n ), shown in detail
- a controlled load ( 102 ) which in this exemplary embodiment is located in the substation of the wind farm.
- the controlled load may be used as either an electrical load or as electrical storage unit.
- An objective of this system is to follow a given setpoint of active power reserve for the wind-farm as a whole. Moreover, this reserve of active power can be managed by the WFCC ( 100 ).
- each WTRC ( 300 1 ) through ( 300 n ) may be configured to communicate with the WFCC ( 100 ) using a communication bus ( 104 ) via network connections ( 105 1 ) through ( 105 n ) and network connection ( 106 ) to communicate various variables including active reserve mode commands ARMwti, relative power commands % Pwt_rated_res, and active power measurements AV_Pwti.
- the WFCC ( 100 ) also may be configured to communicate with the controlled load ( 102 ) via the communication bus ( 104 ) and network connection ( 107 ).
- the Wind Farm Central Control (WFCC) ( 100 ) is in charge of satisfying the desired active power reserve (% Sp_Pres) of the wind farm.
- % Sp_Pres is defined as a percentage of the active power of the wind farm at the present moment.
- % Sp_Pres could be defined as the value of the desired reserve of active power related to the rated wind farm power, i.e., in absolute units (e.g. kW).
- the wind farm active power reserve setpoint (% Sp_Pres) can be received either from the electric utility or generated by the WFCC according to several criteria predefined in an optimization algorithm ( 201 ). For instance, power reserve scheduling, grid stability and economic profit optimization based on the control of the active power reserve are some of the criteria that may be taken into account in the optimization algorithm.
- the WFCC ( 100 ) receives various information ( 206 ) used to determine the active power reserve setpoint (%).
- Such information ( 206 ) can include relevant tariff information from the utility, e.g. kWh tariff depending on the time, short term demand, a bonus because of an active power reserve, grid capacity, production optimization information, grid frequency deviations, production optimization, power reserve requirements, grid voltage stability, etc.
- such information ( 206 ) can also include the grid frequency stability ( 216 ) as described in FIG. 2 a and as shown in FIG. 2 b .
- the WFCC ( 100 ) includes an optimization algorithm ( 201 ) which can be based on economic profit optimization.
- Such an algorithm takes into account the aforementioned inputs as well as profit optimization parameters to generate an active power setpoint % Sp_PresWFCC, for example in order to maximize the economic profit of the wind farm, according to well known numerical optimization algorithms.
- This algorithm also generates the S p P CL taking into account the aforementioned inputs and the actual power consumption of the controlled load, and the characteristics and constraints of the controlled load.
- Providing power to this controlled load takes advantage of the active power reserve instead of not using it.
- the active power reserve may be maintained by diverting the power constituting the reserve or a part of it to a controlled load. The amount of power diverted to the controlled load is then considered part of the active power reserve.
- the controlled load can be one or a plurality of different loads arranged in series or parallel or any other configuration.
- the % Sp_PresWFCC can be generated based on the measurement of the grid frequency ( 216 ) which is shown in detail in FIG. 4 .
- a frequency error ( ⁇ _Freq) is calculated in unit ( 401 ) by subtracting the actual value of the grid frequency (AV_Freq) from the desired frequency (Sp_Freq), for example 60 Hz.
- the frequency error is applied to a Look Up Table or a proportional/integral/derivative (PID) controller or a more complex structure ( 400 ) to obtain the % Sp_PresWFCC. For example, in one embodiment, if the frequency error is 1 Hz, the value of % Sp_PresWFCC is 7.5%.
- an active power reserve setpoint % Sp_PresUtility can be directly sent by the electric utility.
- selector ( 202 ) selects one of the % Sp_PresWFCC and the % Sp_PresUtility as the final setpoint, % Sp_Pres, which is entered into an active power reserve controller ( 200 ), APRC. This selection depends on the constraints imposed by the utility or by the wind plants developers.
- APOM operational modes
- the active power reserve controller receives as inputs the active power measurement of every wind-turbine in the wind farm, AV_P wt1 through AV_P wt n , the power of the controlled load AV_P CL , as well as the setpoint for the active power reserve, % Sp_Pres.
- the APRC 200 calculates an estimation of the total wind-farm power delivered to the grid by using adder ( 207 ) according to the measured power by each wind-turbine in units ( 203 ) and ( 204 ) taking into account the actual power consumption of the controlled load AV_P CL .
- the active power generated by all the wind turbines operating in the APRM mode is summed in unit ( 203 ) and the active power generated by all the wind turbines operating in the APOM mode is summed in unit ( 204 ).
- adder ( 207 ) these two values are added together and the AV_P CL is subtracted from this result to get an estimation of the total wind farm power delivered to the grid (est_Ptot).
- est — Ptot ⁇ ( Av — Pwt 1 . . . Av — Pwtu )+ ⁇ ( AV — Pwt ( u+ 1) . . . Av — Pwtn ) ⁇ AV — P CL Eq. 1
- the setpoint of the active power reserve, % Sp_Pres, is converted to absolute units, Sp_PtotRes, by a multiplier unit ( 208 ) according to the following equation:
- Sp_PtotRes could be set directly in absolute units, for example, as a percentage of the rated wind-farm power. For instance, if a wind farm with a rated power of 20 MW, which is currently producing 10 MW, receives a command to reserve the 10% of the rated power, the production will be 8 MW and the reserve will be 2 MW in order to fulfill this requirement.
- the active power reserve Sp_PtotRes can be achieved both by the controlled load and by the wind turbines operating in APRM.
- the power consumption of the controlled load AV_P CL is subtracted from the setpoint of the active power reserve which has been converted to absolute units Sp_PtotRes, by adder ( 214 ) to output Sp_PwtsRes.
- the APRC controller 200 calculates the mean value of the active power of the wind-turbines operating in APRM (avgPu) in unit ( 205 ) and the APRC separately calculates the corresponding mean value of the active power for wind-turbines in APOM (avgPm).
- avgPm and avgPu can be calculated with a more complex mathematical function, such as a weighted average.
- the average active power generated by the wind turbines operating in the APRM mode is calculated in unit ( 205 ) by dividing the total active power generated by all the turbines operating in the APRM ( 203 ) by the total number of wind turbines operating in the APRM mode u.
- the average active power generated by the wind turbines operating in the APOM mode is calculated in unit ( 206 ) by dividing the total active power generated by all the turbines operating in the APOM ( 204 ) by the total number of wind turbines operating in the APOM mode m.
- the absolute active power reserve setpoint, Sp_PwtsRes is regulated by a PID controller ( 212 ) or a higher order transfer function, such as a lead-lag controller as well as standard non linear blocks, e.g. saturation blocks or rate limiters, by using est_PwtsRes, which is an estimation of the total active power reserve in the wind-farm and is obtained by the following equation in which the difference between the average active power of wind turbines operating in APRM is subtracted from the average active power of the wind turbines operating in APOM by subtractor ( 209 ) and then multiplied in multiplier ( 210 ) by the number of wind turbines operating in APRM mode:
- est — PwtsRes ( avgPm ⁇ avgPu ) ⁇ u Eq. 3
- the absolute reserve setpoint, Sp_PwtsRes is subtracted, by using subtractor ( 211 ), from est_PwtsRes ( 211 ), to produce an error value ⁇ _Pres.
- This error is input into PID controller ( 212 ).
- the output of the PID controller ( 212 ) in the APRC, % Pwt_rated_res will be the percentage of the rated power output which is not allowed to be exceeded by the wind-turbines operating in APRM.
- % Pwt_rated_res is limited between a maximum and minimum value by block ( 215 ). In one embodiment, these values are dependent on the particular wind turbine technology.
- the % Pwt_rated_res command will be enforced by the WTRC ( 300 ) in each turbine working in APRM, as it is described later.
- % Pwt_rated_res is distributed as a unique command to all the wind turbines.
- the wind turbines that have been selected for APRM will reduce their maximum power output in accordance to their rated power and the commanded percentage, % Pwt_rated_res.
- wind turbines selected for APOM will ignore the command and continue without any restriction in their power output.
- the APRC will determine the operating mode of each wind-turbine: either APRM or APOM. This task involves determining the number of wind-turbines in APRM (i.e., u), APOM (i.e., m) as well as how the various modes APRM and APOM are distributed within the wind farm. In one embodiment, m is determined based on the active power reserve setpoint.
- the APRC will continuously update m (and therefore, u, which equals n ⁇ m, as previously explained) so that (avgPu/avgPm)*100 is maintained between an upper and lower threshold.
- This function is carried out by the wind-turbine mode selector unit ( 213 ) as shown in FIG. 2 a.
- One of the goals of the above described mode selector ( 213 ) is to prevent the wind-turbines in APRM from operating too far from the rated design conditions (e.g., wind-turbine operating at 10% of power output in high windspeeds).
- An additional goal is to ensure a reliable estimation of the power reserve.
- the operating mode is set using active reserve mode commands ARMwti [ARMwt 1 . . . ARMwtn], issued from APRC ( 200 ) as an output of the Wind Turbine Mode Selector ( 213 ) to each of the wind turbines through the communication network ( 104 ).
- a method for managing the active power reserve in a wind farm is shown in FIG. 6 .
- the setpoint of the active power reserve % Sp_Pres is determined in operation ( 601 ).
- the actual power value of the controlled load AV_P CL is determined in operation ( 602 ).
- the active power from the turbines operating in APOM and APRM are summed in operations ( 603 ) and ( 604 ), respectively.
- An estimate of the total output power est_Ptot of the wind farm is determined in operation ( 605 ) by summing the active power of the turbines operating in APOM and APRM, and subtracting the actual power value of the controlled load AV_P CL .
- An absolute value setpoint of the active power reserve Sp_PtotRes is determined in operation ( 608 ) by multiplying est_Ptot by the active power reserve setpoint % Sp_Pres.
- the actual power value of the controlled load AV_P CL is subtracted from this setpoint Sp_PtotRes to determine the setpoint of the active power reserve of the APRM turbines Sp_PwtsRes in operation ( 609 ).
- This setpoint Sp_PwtsRes is compared to the estimate of active power reserve currently provided by the wind turbines est_PwtsRes to calculate an error value of the active power reserve ⁇ _Pres in operation ( 612 ).
- the estimate of active power reserve currently provided by the wind turbines est_PwtsRes is determined in operation ( 610 ) based on the average active power of the wind turbines avg Pm operating in APOM determined in operation ( 606 ) and the average active power of the wind turbines avg Pu operating in APRM determined in operation ( 607 ).
- the rated active power for the turbines operating in APRM, % Pwt rated res, is determined in operation ( 613 ) based on the error value ⁇ _Pres.
- the number of wind turbines operating in APRM and APOM (ARMwt 1 . . . ARMwtn) is optimized in operation ( 611 ) based on the average active power of wind turbines operating (avgPm) in APOM determined in operation ( 606 ) and the average active power of wind turbines operating (avgPu) operating in APRM as determined in operation ( 607 ).
- the active reserve mode commands used to control each of the wind turbines in the wind farm are issued in operation ( 614 ) based on the rated active power of the turbines operating in APRM and the optimization result of operation ( 611 ).
- the WTRC system is in charge of receiving and implementing commands from the central controller, in order to ensure that the wind turbine contributes to the active power reserve.
- the WTRC ( 300 ) system receives from the WFCC ( 100 ) both the relative power command, % Pwt_rated_res, and the active reserve mode commands ARMwti from the WFCC.
- % Pwt_rated_res is expressed in relative terms as a percentage of each turbine's rated power output.
- the WRTC ( 300 ) includes a selector ( 301 ) and a multiplier connected to an output of the selector ( 301 ). Depending on the ARMwti command, the selector 301 switches between 100% and % Pwt_rated_res.
- the multiplier 302 multiplies the output of the selector (100% or % Pwt_rated_res) by the wind turbine's rated power resulting in the maximum real power production limit. In other words, depending on whether the wind turbine is in APOM or APRM, % Pwt_rated_res will be ignored (APOM) or enforced (APRM) at a particular wind turbine.
- the wind-turbine power output is controlled to not allow the power output to exceed % Pwt_rated_res of the rated power output of the wind-turbine. If the ARMwti command indicates that % Pwt_rated_res is to be ignored, the maximum power output of the wind-turbine will be controlled to be 100% of the rated power.
- These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer usable or computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions that implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
- the computer program instructions may also be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed in the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions that execute in the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
- the active power system described here is able to manage an active power reserve in order to cope with eventual grid contingencies.
- Proper control of an active power reserve has been described in an integrated manner taking into account the network priorities such as grid voltage stability, power reserve or frequency deviations at each moment as well as the effort demanded by the wind turbines.
- the available wind energy is accurately estimated by operating a subset of wind turbines as an observer, avoiding the uncertainty associated with other methods based on direct measurement of wind speed.
- a controlled load has been described, such as an electric load or an energy storage, in order to take advantage of the active power reserve in the wind farm.
Abstract
Description
- Apparatuses, methods and articles of manufacture consistent with the present invention relate to the field of wind power generation, and, more particularly, advanced wind-farm power management.
- In an electric power grid (“grid”) it is necessary to continuously match the power consumption and generation in order to keep the frequency and voltage within the grid within allowed limits. The electric utility continuously monitors both magnitudes and must be able to issue commands to generation units in order to stabilize the electric power grid. This requires power generation units to be able to deliver an increase of power if the Electric Utility demands it, and thus, the generation units must be able to maintain and manage a reserve of active power (also known as real power). More specifically, taking S as the complex power, P as the real or active power and Q as the reactive power, the relationship S=P+iQ is generally satisfied.
- In the last few years, wind power generation has increased considerably worldwide. This growth is widely forecast to continue into the next decades, even as the industry and technology have arisen to a mature level in this field. As wind farms grow in size and the total base of installed wind capacity continues to increase, the importance of improving both the power output quality and the grid stability becomes a challenge of great importance to wind developers and utility customers alike. As more wind energy is injected into the grid, it is highly convenient that wind-farms behave as similar as possible to other sources of conventional power generation, taking into account the particular nature of wind.
- From the point of view of the electric utility, it is important to accurately control the grid voltage and frequency. For these purposes, conventional power plants are required to supply extra active and reactive power when needed by the Electric Utility. These demands are not currently being fulfilled appropriately by wind-farms and act as constraints in the spreading of wind power plants. Until now, a wind power plant could not be considered as a conventional power plant because it has not been possible to accurately determine an active power reserve due to the uncertainty of the wind conditions. Conventional methods have not succeeded in either achieving an accurate estimation of the active power reserve or an accurate response to the power demand. There is a need to develop an accurate method to generate an active power reserve as the utility may demand it and in some cases has even offered to give a bonus to the project developers of such a method.
- U.S. application Ser. No. 11/615,241, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method to control reactive power in a wind-farm in order to fulfill the reactive power requirement. The '241 application also describes a method to control a reserve of reactive power which is available in case the electric utility demands it.
- Conventional methods are known to limit the active power output from a wind-farm, for example, to adapt production to the constraints of the evacuation capacity, i.e. the maximum power that can be delivered to the grid However, these methods do not guarantee a reserve of active power.
- Consequently, there is a need for a strategy to guarantee a reserve of active power. Such a reserve would allow wind-farms to resemble conventional power generation sources and thereby make it more convenient for the electric utility to stabilize the frequency and voltage of the grid.
- It is an aspect of exemplary embodiments of the present invention to provide a control of active power reserve in an integrated manner taking into account the network priorities at each moment as well as the effort demanded by the wind turbines. This method in conjunction with the control of reactive power reserve described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/615,241 allows the complete control of the wind-farm so as to appear as a conventional power plant.
- It is an aspect of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide wind-farm control with a better regulation ability, such as being able to increase or decrease the active power supplied to the grid in order to maintain the frequency stability of the grid which operates as an automatic global adjustment of power to control the frequency of the grid.
- Thereby, the active power system described here is even able to manage an active power reserve in order to cope with eventual grid contingencies. In this way, control of the active power reserve is granted a key role in a wind farm power production strategy.
- According to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention the wind-farm controller defines two operational modes for each wind-turbine:
- an active power observer mode (APOM); and
- an active power reserving mode (APRM).
- When a wind-turbine is operated in APOM the power output is controlled in accord with the maximum power available with the actual wind conditions or, at least, without regard to maintaining an active power reserve. In this mode the wind-farm controller does not impose any constraint in the active power generated by the wind-turbine.
- Alternatively, when a wind-turbine is operated in APRM the wind-farm controller issues a command that limits the maximum active power output from the wind-turbine. Therefore, the wind farm's total active power production will be maintained below the maximum power available based on actual wind conditions. Accordingly, there is additional power potential available in the wind farm based on the actual wind conditions. Thus, the actual power output is lower than the maximum power output attainable based on the estimation obtained from the wind turbines operate in APOM.
- An aspect of an embodiment of the present invention is the optional use of at least one controlled load (CL) in order to take advantage of the active power reserve in the wind farm. Such a controlled load could be used as an electric load or as an energy storage unit such as a hydrogen generator, a flywheel, etc. The controlled load is subordinated to the grid active reserve requirements. In case the grid needs extra power, the controlled load power consumption could be ramped down or even switched off.
- In at least one embodiment, the wind farm central control (WFCC) employs the wind-turbines operating in APOM to measure the power available in the wind-farm. In contrast, wind-turbines operating in APRM are commanded to achieve the desired active power reserve for the wind-farm.
- The incorporated drawings depict certain embodiments of the invention. However, they should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific depicted embodiment. Aspects of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail illustrative, non-limiting embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 : Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind farm that has an active power reserve control system topology and the hardware elements of the wind farm. -
FIG. 2 a: Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind farm central control (WFCC) for the control of an active power reserve in a wind farm. -
FIG. 2 b: Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind farm central control (WFCC) where the grid frequency stability is an input to the optimization algorithm. -
FIG. 3 : Illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine relative control (WTRC). -
FIG. 4 : Illustrates an exemplary embodiment wherein an optimization algorithm uses the active power reserve to support the grid frequency. -
FIG. 5 : Is a flowchart that illustrates method for showing the determination of the number of wind turbines in APRM and APOM states. -
FIG. 6 : Is a flowchart that illustrates methods of operating wind turbines in a wind farm. - Aspects and features of the present invention and methods of accomplishing the same may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art, and the present invention will only be defined by the appended claims. Several drawings will be referenced only as illustration for the better understanding of the description. Furthermore, the same reference numbers will be used in the drawings and in the description to refer to the same or like elements.
- An exemplary topology of a wind farm with an active power reserve system is shown in
FIG. 1 . This system includes of a plurality of wind turbines (101 1 through 101 n) and two subsystems: the wind farm central control (WFCC) (100), shown in detail inFIG. 2 a andFIG. 2 b, which can be located in the substation or point of common coupling (PCC) (103), and the wind turbine relative control (WTRC) (300 1 through 300 n), shown in detail inFIG. 3 , which is carried out in at least one of the wind-turbines in the wind farm (see 101 1 through 101 n inFIG. 1 ).FIG. 1 . also shows a controlled load (102) which in this exemplary embodiment is located in the substation of the wind farm. The controlled load may be used as either an electrical load or as electrical storage unit. An objective of this system is to follow a given setpoint of active power reserve for the wind-farm as a whole. Moreover, this reserve of active power can be managed by the WFCC (100). - Additionally, each WTRC (300 1) through (300 n) may be configured to communicate with the WFCC (100) using a communication bus (104) via network connections (105 1) through (105 n) and network connection (106) to communicate various variables including active reserve mode commands ARMwti, relative power commands % Pwt_rated_res, and active power measurements AV_Pwti. The WFCC (100) also may be configured to communicate with the controlled load (102) via the communication bus (104) and network connection (107).
- Wind Farm Central Control (WFCC) System
- The Wind Farm Central Control (WFCC) (100) is in charge of satisfying the desired active power reserve (% Sp_Pres) of the wind farm. In one embodiment % Sp_Pres is defined as a percentage of the active power of the wind farm at the present moment. In a different embodiment % Sp_Pres could be defined as the value of the desired reserve of active power related to the rated wind farm power, i.e., in absolute units (e.g. kW).
- Referring to
FIG. 2 a, which illustrates aWFCC 100, the wind farm active power reserve setpoint (% Sp_Pres) can be received either from the electric utility or generated by the WFCC according to several criteria predefined in an optimization algorithm (201). For instance, power reserve scheduling, grid stability and economic profit optimization based on the control of the active power reserve are some of the criteria that may be taken into account in the optimization algorithm. - In one embodiment, illustrated in
FIG. 2 a, for example, the WFCC (100) receives various information (206) used to determine the active power reserve setpoint (%). Such information (206) can include relevant tariff information from the utility, e.g. kWh tariff depending on the time, short term demand, a bonus because of an active power reserve, grid capacity, production optimization information, grid frequency deviations, production optimization, power reserve requirements, grid voltage stability, etc. In one embodiment such information (206) can also include the grid frequency stability (216) as described inFIG. 2 a and as shown inFIG. 2 b. The WFCC (100) includes an optimization algorithm (201) which can be based on economic profit optimization. Such an algorithm takes into account the aforementioned inputs as well as profit optimization parameters to generate an active power setpoint % Sp_PresWFCC, for example in order to maximize the economic profit of the wind farm, according to well known numerical optimization algorithms. This algorithm also generates the SpPCL taking into account the aforementioned inputs and the actual power consumption of the controlled load, and the characteristics and constraints of the controlled load. Providing power to this controlled load takes advantage of the active power reserve instead of not using it. In other words, instead of limiting the wind turbine output to maintain an active power reserve, the active power reserve may be maintained by diverting the power constituting the reserve or a part of it to a controlled load. The amount of power diverted to the controlled load is then considered part of the active power reserve. The controlled load can be one or a plurality of different loads arranged in series or parallel or any other configuration. - In another embodiment, in order to support the grid voltage stability, the % Sp_PresWFCC can be generated based on the measurement of the grid frequency (216) which is shown in detail in
FIG. 4 . A frequency error (ε_Freq) is calculated in unit (401) by subtracting the actual value of the grid frequency (AV_Freq) from the desired frequency (Sp_Freq), for example 60 Hz. The frequency error is applied to a Look Up Table or a proportional/integral/derivative (PID) controller or a more complex structure (400) to obtain the % Sp_PresWFCC. For example, in one embodiment, if the frequency error is 1 Hz, the value of % Sp_PresWFCC is 7.5%. - Alternatively, an active power reserve setpoint % Sp_PresUtility can be directly sent by the electric utility. In this case selector (202) selects one of the % Sp_PresWFCC and the % Sp_PresUtility as the final setpoint, % Sp_Pres, which is entered into an active power reserve controller (200), APRC. This selection depends on the constraints imposed by the utility or by the wind plants developers.
- Control of Active Power Reserve
- The following description is a non-limiting explanatory embodiment of the invention.
- Referring to
FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, the wind-farm central controller assigns to each wind-turbine one of the above mentioned operational modes (APOM, APRM), according to criteria which will be explained in detail below. Consequently, out of the total number of wind-turbines in the wind farm, designated as n, there will be u wind-turbines which will operate in APRM, and the rest, m, (wherein m=n−u) will operate in APOM. Commands for these settings will be sent to each wind-turbine from the WFCC through a communication network (104-107). - The active power reserve controller (APRC, (200)) receives as inputs the active power measurement of every wind-turbine in the wind farm, AV_Pwt1 through AV_Pwt n, the power of the controlled load AV_PCL, as well as the setpoint for the active power reserve, % Sp_Pres.
- The
APRC 200 calculates an estimation of the total wind-farm power delivered to the grid by using adder (207) according to the measured power by each wind-turbine in units (203) and (204) taking into account the actual power consumption of the controlled load AV_PCL. In other words, the active power generated by all the wind turbines operating in the APRM mode is summed in unit (203) and the active power generated by all the wind turbines operating in the APOM mode is summed in unit (204). In adder (207), these two values are added together and the AV_PCL is subtracted from this result to get an estimation of the total wind farm power delivered to the grid (est_Ptot). -
est — Ptot=Σ(Av — Pwt1 . . . Av — Pwtu)+Σ(AV — Pwt(u+1) . . . Av — Pwtn)−AV — P CL Eq. 1 - The setpoint of the active power reserve, % Sp_Pres, is converted to absolute units, Sp_PtotRes, by a multiplier unit (208) according to the following equation:
-
Sp — PtotRes=% Sp — Pres×estPtot, Eq. 2 - For instance, considering a wind farm which is producing 10 MW and it receives a command to reserve 10% of the actual power production, the production will be 9 MW and the reserve will be 1 MW in order to fulfil this requirement.
- In other embodiments, Sp_PtotRes could be set directly in absolute units, for example, as a percentage of the rated wind-farm power. For instance, if a wind farm with a rated power of 20 MW, which is currently producing 10 MW, receives a command to reserve the 10% of the rated power, the production will be 8 MW and the reserve will be 2 MW in order to fulfill this requirement.
- The active power reserve Sp_PtotRes can be achieved both by the controlled load and by the wind turbines operating in APRM. In order to determine the share of the active power reserve which is accomplished by the wind turbines, i.e. Sp_PwtsRes, the power consumption of the controlled load AV_PCL is subtracted from the setpoint of the active power reserve which has been converted to absolute units Sp_PtotRes, by adder (214) to output Sp_PwtsRes.
- In one embodiment, the
APRC controller 200 calculates the mean value of the active power of the wind-turbines operating in APRM (avgPu) in unit (205) and the APRC separately calculates the corresponding mean value of the active power for wind-turbines in APOM (avgPm). In other embodiments, avgPm and avgPu can be calculated with a more complex mathematical function, such as a weighted average. - The average active power generated by the wind turbines operating in the APRM mode (avgPu) is calculated in unit (205) by dividing the total active power generated by all the turbines operating in the APRM (203) by the total number of wind turbines operating in the APRM mode u. Similarly, the average active power generated by the wind turbines operating in the APOM mode (avgPm) is calculated in unit (206) by dividing the total active power generated by all the turbines operating in the APOM (204) by the total number of wind turbines operating in the APOM mode m.
- The absolute active power reserve setpoint, Sp_PwtsRes, is regulated by a PID controller (212) or a higher order transfer function, such as a lead-lag controller as well as standard non linear blocks, e.g. saturation blocks or rate limiters, by using est_PwtsRes, which is an estimation of the total active power reserve in the wind-farm and is obtained by the following equation in which the difference between the average active power of wind turbines operating in APRM is subtracted from the average active power of the wind turbines operating in APOM by subtractor (209) and then multiplied in multiplier (210) by the number of wind turbines operating in APRM mode:
-
est — PwtsRes=(avgPm−avgPu)×u Eq. 3 - The absolute reserve setpoint, Sp_PwtsRes is subtracted, by using subtractor (211), from est_PwtsRes (211), to produce an error value ε_Pres. This error is input into PID controller (212). The output of the PID controller (212) in the APRC, % Pwt_rated_res, will be the percentage of the rated power output which is not allowed to be exceeded by the wind-turbines operating in APRM. % Pwt_rated_res is limited between a maximum and minimum value by block (215). In one embodiment, these values are dependent on the particular wind turbine technology. The % Pwt_rated_res command will be enforced by the WTRC (300) in each turbine working in APRM, as it is described later.
- % Pwt_rated_res is distributed as a unique command to all the wind turbines. The wind turbines that have been selected for APRM will reduce their maximum power output in accordance to their rated power and the commanded percentage, % Pwt_rated_res. On the other hand, wind turbines selected for APOM will ignore the command and continue without any restriction in their power output.
- Moreover, the APRC will determine the operating mode of each wind-turbine: either APRM or APOM. This task involves determining the number of wind-turbines in APRM (i.e., u), APOM (i.e., m) as well as how the various modes APRM and APOM are distributed within the wind farm. In one embodiment, m is determined based on the active power reserve setpoint.
- In order to achieve a balanced share of the control effort associated with the implementation of active power reserve, the APRC will continuously update m (and therefore, u, which equals n−m, as previously explained) so that (avgPu/avgPm)*100 is maintained between an upper and lower threshold. This function is carried out by the wind-turbine mode selector unit (213) as shown in
FIG. 2 a. - For instance, with reference to
FIG. 5 , if (avgPu/avgPm)*100 decreases below 70% (502), then u will be increased (504) so that the control effort is shared between more wind-turbines and therefore (avgPu/avgPm)*100 will rise above 70%. Quite the opposite, if (avgPu/avgPm)*100 rises above 90% (501), then u will decrease (503) in such a way that the number of limited wind-turbines will be reduced and (avgPu/avgPm) will decrease below 90%. This is necessary in order to have an accurate enough estimation of the available active power reserve. In other embodiments, hysteresis in the thresholds will be used to prevent excessive updating of u. - One of the goals of the above described mode selector (213) is to prevent the wind-turbines in APRM from operating too far from the rated design conditions (e.g., wind-turbine operating at 10% of power output in high windspeeds). An additional goal is to ensure a reliable estimation of the power reserve.
- The operating mode is set using active reserve mode commands ARMwti [ARMwt1 . . . ARMwtn], issued from APRC (200) as an output of the Wind Turbine Mode Selector (213) to each of the wind turbines through the communication network (104).
- A method for managing the active power reserve in a wind farm is shown in
FIG. 6 . Initially, the setpoint of the active power reserve % Sp_Pres is determined in operation (601). Additionally, the actual power value of the controlled load AV_PCL is determined in operation (602). The active power from the turbines operating in APOM and APRM are summed in operations (603) and (604), respectively. An estimate of the total output power est_Ptot of the wind farm is determined in operation (605) by summing the active power of the turbines operating in APOM and APRM, and subtracting the actual power value of the controlled load AV_PCL. An absolute value setpoint of the active power reserve Sp_PtotRes is determined in operation (608) by multiplying est_Ptot by the active power reserve setpoint % Sp_Pres. The actual power value of the controlled load AV_PCL is subtracted from this setpoint Sp_PtotRes to determine the setpoint of the active power reserve of the APRM turbines Sp_PwtsRes in operation (609). - This setpoint Sp_PwtsRes is compared to the estimate of active power reserve currently provided by the wind turbines est_PwtsRes to calculate an error value of the active power reserve ε_Pres in operation (612). The estimate of active power reserve currently provided by the wind turbines est_PwtsRes is determined in operation (610) based on the average active power of the wind turbines avg Pm operating in APOM determined in operation (606) and the average active power of the wind turbines avg Pu operating in APRM determined in operation (607). The rated active power for the turbines operating in APRM, % Pwt rated res, is determined in operation (613) based on the error value ε_Pres.
- The number of wind turbines operating in APRM and APOM (ARMwt1 . . . ARMwtn) is optimized in operation (611) based on the average active power of wind turbines operating (avgPm) in APOM determined in operation (606) and the average active power of wind turbines operating (avgPu) operating in APRM as determined in operation (607).
- The active reserve mode commands used to control each of the wind turbines in the wind farm are issued in operation (614) based on the rated active power of the turbines operating in APRM and the optimization result of operation (611).
- Wind Turbine Relative Control (WTRC) System
- The WTRC system is in charge of receiving and implementing commands from the central controller, in order to ensure that the wind turbine contributes to the active power reserve.
- The WTRC (300) system, as illustrated in
FIG. 3 , receives from the WFCC (100) both the relative power command, % Pwt_rated_res, and the active reserve mode commands ARMwti from the WFCC. - % Pwt_rated_res is expressed in relative terms as a percentage of each turbine's rated power output.
- The WRTC (300) includes a selector (301) and a multiplier connected to an output of the selector (301). Depending on the ARMwti command, the
selector 301 switches between 100% and % Pwt_rated_res. Themultiplier 302 multiplies the output of the selector (100% or % Pwt_rated_res) by the wind turbine's rated power resulting in the maximum real power production limit. In other words, depending on whether the wind turbine is in APOM or APRM, % Pwt_rated_res will be ignored (APOM) or enforced (APRM) at a particular wind turbine. In the latter case, the wind-turbine power output is controlled to not allow the power output to exceed % Pwt_rated_res of the rated power output of the wind-turbine. If the ARMwti command indicates that % Pwt_rated_res is to be ignored, the maximum power output of the wind-turbine will be controlled to be 100% of the rated power. - The present invention is described hereinafter with reference to control illustrations of user interfaces, methods, and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block, and combinations of blocks in the illustrations, can be implemented at least in part by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create apparatuses for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer usable or computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions that implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed in the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions that execute in the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
- In conclusion, the active power system described here is able to manage an active power reserve in order to cope with eventual grid contingencies. Proper control of an active power reserve has been described in an integrated manner taking into account the network priorities such as grid voltage stability, power reserve or frequency deviations at each moment as well as the effort demanded by the wind turbines. The available wind energy is accurately estimated by operating a subset of wind turbines as an observer, avoiding the uncertainty associated with other methods based on direct measurement of wind speed. Furthermore, the optional use of a controlled load has been described, such as an electric load or an energy storage, in order to take advantage of the active power reserve in the wind farm.
Claims (34)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/842,585 US20090055030A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
PCT/IB2007/004603 WO2009024833A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-10-26 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
EP20070873367 EP2185812A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-10-26 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
US12/945,431 US20110118892A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
US12/945,393 US8046110B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/842,585 US20090055030A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/945,393 Division US8046110B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
US12/945,431 Division US20110118892A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090055030A1 true US20090055030A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
Family
ID=40090342
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/842,585 Abandoned US20090055030A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
US12/945,431 Abandoned US20110118892A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
US12/945,393 Expired - Fee Related US8046110B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/945,431 Abandoned US20110118892A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
US12/945,393 Expired - Fee Related US8046110B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-11-12 | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20090055030A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2185812A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009024833A1 (en) |
Cited By (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090033096A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-05 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Method for the determination of a control reserve and wind energy plant with a control unit for the determination of the control reserve |
US20090160187A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Scholte-Wassink Hartmut | Control system and method for operating a wind farm in a balanced state |
US20090234510A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2009-09-17 | Lars Helle | Method For Controlling A Cluster Of Wind Turbines Connected To A Utility Grid, Method For Planning The Strategy Of A Utility Grid Including A Wind Turbine Cluster Connected To The Grid And Wind Turbine Cluster |
US20090265042A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Mollenkopf James D | System and Method for Providing Voltage Regulation in a Power Distribution System |
US20100109447A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | General Electric Company | Wide area transmission control of windfarms |
US20100219634A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Acciona Windpower, S.A. | Wind turbine control method, control unit and wind turbine |
CN101860042A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-10-13 | 许继集团有限公司 | Method for cooperatively controlling active power of wind farm |
US20100286835A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-11-11 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Power curtailment of wind turbines |
US20110196543A1 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2011-08-11 | Gonzalez Senosiain Roberto | System and method for power management in a photovoltaic installation |
US20110202181A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for smart climate control |
US20110301769A1 (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-12-08 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Control of a wind power plant |
CN102374121A (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-03-14 | 通用电气公司 | Intelligent active power management system for renewable variable power generation |
US20120232710A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | General Electric Company | Generator reserve capacity control system and network |
US20130162043A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2013-06-27 | Inventus Holdings, Llc | Multiple renewables site electrical generation and reactive power control |
US20130241201A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2013-09-19 | Jens Fortmann | Wind Turbine and Method for Operating a Wind Turbine |
CN103441537A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-12-11 | 国家电网公司 | Method for optimizing and regulating and controlling active power of distributed wind power plant with energy storage power station |
CN103887814A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-06-25 | 国家电网公司 | Thermal power unit emergency control method for blower group offline fault |
US8903555B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2014-12-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Control system of wind power generator, wind farm, and method for controlling wind power generator |
US8963353B1 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-02-24 | General Electric Company | System and method to minimize grid spinning reserve losses by pre-emptively sequencing power generation equipment to offset wind generation capacity based on geospatial regional wind conditions |
US20150137518A1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of operating a wind park |
US20150184632A1 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling wind turbines in wind farms |
US20150241892A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Predictive smart grid re-structuring based on expected load and power generation |
US20150249415A1 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-09-03 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method of determining individual set points in a power plant controller, and a power plant controller |
EP2921699A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-23 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a wind farm and wind farm |
CN105790291A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-20 | 国家电网公司 | Flexibility assessment based electric power system energy storage optimization and configuration method |
EP3096004A1 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-23 | ABB Technology AG | Wind farm inertial response |
US20170067445A1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2017-03-09 | Alstom Renewable Technologies | Methods of operating a set of wind turbines and systems |
CN106505639A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-03-15 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of wind power robust steepest modulator approach of the strengthening system stability of synchronization |
CN106910142A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 三峡大学 | A kind of power system frequency characteristic computing method containing the active frequency coupling of wind-powered electricity generation |
US20180258914A1 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-13 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Method and system for controlling the active power output of a wind farm |
US20190036342A1 (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2019-01-31 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network |
CN109412210A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-01 | 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 | A kind of Wind turbines active power fining adjusting method |
CN109586332A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-04-05 | 湘电风能有限公司 | A kind of active power dispatching method containing soft tower wind power plant |
US10303142B2 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2019-05-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Network regulation upon threshold value overshoots in a low voltage or medium voltage network |
US10312683B2 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2019-06-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Network regulation upon threshold value overshoots in a low voltage or medium voltage network |
US10711767B2 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-07-14 | Senvion Gmbh | Method and system for the maintenance of a wind energy installation from a group of wind energy installations |
CN112564187A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-26 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Wind-storage combined planning method for power system |
US11078887B2 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2021-08-03 | Nordex Energy Se & Co. Kg | Method for operating a wind farm |
US11133679B2 (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2021-09-28 | General Electric Company | System and method for operating a hybrid energy facility having multiple power sources |
WO2022156866A1 (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-07-28 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Methods and systems for enhanced active power control during frequency deviation |
US11549487B2 (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2023-01-10 | Nordex Energy Se & Co. Kg | Method for operating a wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines and corresponding wind farm |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10295969B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2019-05-21 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System and method for generating and providing dispatchable operating reserve energy capacity through use of active load management |
US8806239B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2014-08-12 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System, method, and apparatus for actively managing consumption of electric power supplied by one or more electric power grid operators |
US8805552B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2014-08-12 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for actively managing consumption of electric power over an electric power grid |
US9177323B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2015-11-03 | Causam Energy, Inc. | Systems and methods for determining and utilizing customer energy profiles for load control for individual structures, devices, and aggregation of same |
US8890505B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2014-11-18 | Causam Energy, Inc. | System and method for estimating and providing dispatchable operating reserve energy capacity through use of active load management |
EP2297622B1 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2017-01-25 | General Electric Technology GmbH | A method of estimating the maximum power generation capacity and for controlling a specified power reserve of a single cycle or combined cycle gas turbine power plant, and a power generating system for use with said method |
JP4698718B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-06-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Wind turbine generator group control device and control method |
US9328718B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2016-05-03 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method of calculating an electrical output of a wind power plant |
DE102009037239B4 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2011-04-14 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind energy plant with adjustable power reserve |
US7890217B2 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-02-15 | General Electric Company | Integrated real-time power and solar farm control system |
JPWO2011118766A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-07-04 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Power supply system, centralized management device, system stabilization system, centralized management device control method, and centralized management device control program |
JP5507669B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-05-28 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Power supply system, power supply method, and control program for power supply system |
JP5025807B1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社東芝 | Reserve power calculation device and method, and computer program |
CN102494430B (en) * | 2011-10-23 | 2014-11-05 | 西安交通大学 | Cold-electricity cogeneration system comprising wind power and gas combined cycle unit and method for scheduling cold-electricity cogeneration system |
CN102506519B (en) * | 2011-10-23 | 2013-12-11 | 重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Heat and power cogenerator unit and wind power generator unit combined heat supply system and scheduling method thereof |
CN102606395B (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-07-31 | 东南大学 | Wind farm active power optimal control method based on power prediction information |
EP2847844B1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2018-11-21 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method for coordinating frequency control characteristics between conventional plants and wind power plants |
US10400752B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2019-09-03 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Power system and method for operating a wind power system with a dispatching algorithm |
CN102856931B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-03-12 | 国家电网公司 | Wind power plant active power dynamic grouping control method |
CA2829247C (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2017-03-14 | General Electric Company | System and method for wind power dispatch in a wind farm |
JP6081133B2 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2017-02-15 | 株式会社東芝 | Wind farm output control device, method, and program |
BR112015025412B1 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2022-02-08 | General Electric Company | MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD PERFORMED BY THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM |
US9458828B2 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2016-10-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Controlling wind power plant with negative power capability to respond to grid frequency instability |
CN104333046B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-11 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of wind-powered electricity generation automatic power generation control method and system |
WO2017054822A1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-04-06 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Boost and regulation groups for wind power plant |
DE102016108394A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Method for compensating feed-in currents of a wind farm |
CN109416019B (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2020-05-05 | 维斯塔斯风力系统集团公司 | Wind power plant with multiple wind turbine generators and a power plant controller |
EP3482069B1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2021-11-10 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | A wind power plant having a plurality of wind turbine generators and a power plant controller |
DK3376626T3 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2022-04-25 | Nordex Energy Se & Co Kg | Method for regulating the power output of a wind farm, and such a wind farm |
US11365718B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2022-06-21 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Adaptive estimation of available power for wind turbine |
CN107482692B (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-03-31 | 清华大学 | Active control method, device and system for wind power plant |
DK3444939T3 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2021-03-08 | Nordex Energy Se & Co Kg | Method for controlling a wind power plant |
DK3444938T3 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2021-02-22 | Nordex Energy Se & Co Kg | PROCEDURE FOR CONTROLLING A WIND TURBINE |
CN109861242B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2021-04-16 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Power coordination control method and system for wind power participating in primary frequency modulation of power grid |
FR3074975B1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2021-01-08 | Electricite De France | POWER REGULATION PROCESS GENERATED BY A WIND FARM |
CN108336761B (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-04-02 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Poewr control method, device, system and the computer equipment of wind power plant |
EP3807530B1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2023-06-07 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Control of a power plant with at least one wind turbine |
US10975847B1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-04-13 | General Electric Company | System and method for farm-level control of transient power boost during frequency events |
WO2021239195A1 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Power production forecast based wind turbine control |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5642007A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1997-06-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Series compensator inserting real and reactive impedance into electric power system for damping power oscillations |
US20030102675A1 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2003-06-05 | Umweltkontor Renewable Energy Ag | Power generators and method and device for generating power |
US6724097B1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2004-04-20 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind farm |
US6784564B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2004-08-31 | Alovs Wobben | Method of operating a wind power installation and a wind power installation |
US6891281B2 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2005-05-10 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind power station and wind power station |
US20050121214A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-09 | Gould Len C. | Active electrical transmission system |
US6906431B2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2005-06-14 | Aloys Wobben | Wind power system for Delivering constant apparent power |
US20060273595A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-07 | Avagliano Aaron J | System and method for operating a wind farm under high wind speed conditions |
US20070018457A1 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-25 | Gamesa Eolica, S.A. | Method of operating a wind turbine |
US20070047163A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2007-03-01 | Lutze Hans H | Wind farm and method for operating same |
US20070063519A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2007-03-22 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind turbine |
US20070078567A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Andre Riesberg | Method for Controlling a Wind Energy Turbine of a Wind Park comprising Multiple Wind Energy Turbines |
US20070085343A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-04-19 | Repower Systems Ag | Method for operating or controlling a wind turbine and method for providing primary control power by means of wind turbines |
US20080048501A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-02-28 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Wind park and method for the operation of a wind park |
US7514907B2 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2009-04-07 | Satcon Technology Corporation | Device, system, and method for providing a low-voltage fault ride-through for a wind generator farm |
US7804183B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2010-09-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Power generating system |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3912911B2 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 2007-05-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Wind power generator |
JP2002155850A (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2002-05-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Wind power generation system with flywheel |
US6858953B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2005-02-22 | Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. | Power control interface between a wind farm and a power transmission system |
DE10344392A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2005-06-02 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind turbine with a reactive power module for grid support and method |
DK1571746T3 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2019-01-07 | Gamesa Innovation & Tech Sl | Active power control system of a wind farm |
DK1880459T3 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2013-11-04 | Siemens Ag | Power control system for wind farms |
US7199482B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-04-03 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling effective wind farm power output |
DE102005032693A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2007-02-01 | Repower Systems Ag | Power control of a wind farm |
-
2007
- 2007-08-21 US US11/842,585 patent/US20090055030A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-26 EP EP20070873367 patent/EP2185812A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-26 WO PCT/IB2007/004603 patent/WO2009024833A1/en active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-11-12 US US12/945,431 patent/US20110118892A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-12 US US12/945,393 patent/US8046110B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5642007A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1997-06-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Series compensator inserting real and reactive impedance into electric power system for damping power oscillations |
US6784564B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2004-08-31 | Alovs Wobben | Method of operating a wind power installation and a wind power installation |
US6724097B1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2004-04-20 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind farm |
US20030102675A1 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2003-06-05 | Umweltkontor Renewable Energy Ag | Power generators and method and device for generating power |
US6891281B2 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2005-05-10 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind power station and wind power station |
US6906431B2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2005-06-14 | Aloys Wobben | Wind power system for Delivering constant apparent power |
US20070063519A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2007-03-22 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind turbine |
US20070047163A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2007-03-01 | Lutze Hans H | Wind farm and method for operating same |
US7372173B2 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2008-05-13 | General Electric Company | Wind farm and method for operating same |
US20070085343A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-04-19 | Repower Systems Ag | Method for operating or controlling a wind turbine and method for providing primary control power by means of wind turbines |
US20050121214A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-09 | Gould Len C. | Active electrical transmission system |
US7804183B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2010-09-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Power generating system |
US7514907B2 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2009-04-07 | Satcon Technology Corporation | Device, system, and method for providing a low-voltage fault ride-through for a wind generator farm |
US20060273595A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-07 | Avagliano Aaron J | System and method for operating a wind farm under high wind speed conditions |
US20070018457A1 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-25 | Gamesa Eolica, S.A. | Method of operating a wind turbine |
US20070078567A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Andre Riesberg | Method for Controlling a Wind Energy Turbine of a Wind Park comprising Multiple Wind Energy Turbines |
US20080048501A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-02-28 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Wind park and method for the operation of a wind park |
Cited By (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090234510A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2009-09-17 | Lars Helle | Method For Controlling A Cluster Of Wind Turbines Connected To A Utility Grid, Method For Planning The Strategy Of A Utility Grid Including A Wind Turbine Cluster Connected To The Grid And Wind Turbine Cluster |
US7915762B2 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2011-03-29 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method for controlling a cluster of wind turbines connected to a utility grid |
US20090033096A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-05 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Method for the determination of a control reserve and wind energy plant with a control unit for the determination of the control reserve |
US7805222B2 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2010-09-28 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Method for the determination of a control reserve and wind energy plant with a control unit for the determination of the control reserve |
US20090160187A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Scholte-Wassink Hartmut | Control system and method for operating a wind farm in a balanced state |
US20090265042A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Mollenkopf James D | System and Method for Providing Voltage Regulation in a Power Distribution System |
US20100286835A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-11-11 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Power curtailment of wind turbines |
US8793027B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2014-07-29 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Power curtailment of wind turbines |
US8346400B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2013-01-01 | Ingeteam Power Technology, S.A. | System and method for power management in a photovoltaic installation |
US20110196543A1 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2011-08-11 | Gonzalez Senosiain Roberto | System and method for power management in a photovoltaic installation |
US20100109447A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | General Electric Company | Wide area transmission control of windfarms |
US8058753B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2011-11-15 | General Electric Company | Wide area transmission control of windfarms |
US8659178B2 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2014-02-25 | Acciona Windpower, S.A. | Wind turbine control method, control unit and wind turbine |
US20100219634A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Acciona Windpower, S.A. | Wind turbine control method, control unit and wind turbine |
US20110202181A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for smart climate control |
US8620476B2 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2013-12-31 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for smart climate control |
CN101860042A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-10-13 | 许继集团有限公司 | Method for cooperatively controlling active power of wind farm |
US9035480B2 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2015-05-19 | Senvion Se | Wind turbine and method for operating a wind turbine |
US20130241201A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2013-09-19 | Jens Fortmann | Wind Turbine and Method for Operating a Wind Turbine |
CN102374121A (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-03-14 | 通用电气公司 | Intelligent active power management system for renewable variable power generation |
US8694173B2 (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2014-04-08 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Control of a wind power plant |
US20110301769A1 (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-12-08 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Control of a wind power plant |
US8903555B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2014-12-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Control system of wind power generator, wind farm, and method for controlling wind power generator |
US20120232710A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | General Electric Company | Generator reserve capacity control system and network |
US8515588B2 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2013-08-20 | General Electric Company | Generator reserve capacity control system and network |
US9660448B2 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2017-05-23 | Inventus Holdings, Llc | Multiple renewables site electrical generation and reactive power control |
US20130162043A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2013-06-27 | Inventus Holdings, Llc | Multiple renewables site electrical generation and reactive power control |
US9368971B2 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2016-06-14 | Inventus Holdings, Llc | Multiple renewables site electrical generation and reactive power control |
US20150249415A1 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-09-03 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method of determining individual set points in a power plant controller, and a power plant controller |
US9407186B2 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2016-08-02 | Vestas Wind Systems, A/S | Method of determining individual set points in a power plant controller, and a power plant controller |
CN103441537A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-12-11 | 国家电网公司 | Method for optimizing and regulating and controlling active power of distributed wind power plant with energy storage power station |
US8963353B1 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-02-24 | General Electric Company | System and method to minimize grid spinning reserve losses by pre-emptively sequencing power generation equipment to offset wind generation capacity based on geospatial regional wind conditions |
US20150076821A1 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-19 | General Electric Company | System And Method To Minimize Grid Spinning Reserve Losses By Pre-Emptively Sequencing Power Generation Equipment To Offset Wind Generation Capacity Based On Geospatial Regional Wind Conditions |
US20150137518A1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of operating a wind park |
US9541062B2 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2017-01-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of operating a wind park |
US20150184632A1 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling wind turbines in wind farms |
US9709037B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-07-18 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling wind turbines in wind farms |
US20170067445A1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2017-03-09 | Alstom Renewable Technologies | Methods of operating a set of wind turbines and systems |
US10724501B2 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2020-07-28 | Ge Renewable Technologies Wind B.V. | Methods and systems of operating a set of wind turbines |
CN103887814A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-06-25 | 国家电网公司 | Thermal power unit emergency control method for blower group offline fault |
US20150241892A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Predictive smart grid re-structuring based on expected load and power generation |
US9389630B2 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2016-07-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Predictive smart grid re-structuring based on expected load and power generation |
EP2921699A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-23 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a wind farm and wind farm |
CN105790291A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-20 | 国家电网公司 | Flexibility assessment based electric power system energy storage optimization and configuration method |
EP3096004A1 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-23 | ABB Technology AG | Wind farm inertial response |
CN108368827A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2018-08-03 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | Wind power plant inertial response |
WO2016184915A1 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-24 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Wind farm inertial response |
US10605229B2 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2020-03-31 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Wind farm inertial response |
US10303142B2 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2019-05-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Network regulation upon threshold value overshoots in a low voltage or medium voltage network |
US10312683B2 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2019-06-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Network regulation upon threshold value overshoots in a low voltage or medium voltage network |
US10707684B2 (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2020-07-07 | Wobben Properies GmbH | Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network |
US20190036342A1 (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2019-01-31 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network |
CN106505639A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-03-15 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of wind power robust steepest modulator approach of the strengthening system stability of synchronization |
CN106910142A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 三峡大学 | A kind of power system frequency characteristic computing method containing the active frequency coupling of wind-powered electricity generation |
US20180258914A1 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-13 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Method and system for controlling the active power output of a wind farm |
US10557457B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-02-11 | Nordex Engery GmbH | Method and system for controlling the active power output of a wind farm |
US10711767B2 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-07-14 | Senvion Gmbh | Method and system for the maintenance of a wind energy installation from a group of wind energy installations |
CN109412210A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-01 | 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 | A kind of Wind turbines active power fining adjusting method |
CN109586332A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-04-05 | 湘电风能有限公司 | A kind of active power dispatching method containing soft tower wind power plant |
US11133679B2 (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2021-09-28 | General Electric Company | System and method for operating a hybrid energy facility having multiple power sources |
US11078887B2 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2021-08-03 | Nordex Energy Se & Co. Kg | Method for operating a wind farm |
US11549487B2 (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2023-01-10 | Nordex Energy Se & Co. Kg | Method for operating a wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines and corresponding wind farm |
CN112564187A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-26 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Wind-storage combined planning method for power system |
WO2022156866A1 (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-07-28 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Methods and systems for enhanced active power control during frequency deviation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009024833A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
US20110118892A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
US8046110B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
US20110118884A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
EP2185812A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8046110B2 (en) | Control of active power reserve in a wind-farm | |
US7531911B2 (en) | Reactive power control for operating a wind farm | |
US9716384B2 (en) | System and method for controlling a wind farm | |
CN108306312B (en) | Primary frequency modulation control method for wind power plant | |
EP2325716B1 (en) | Reactive power regulation and voltage support for renewable energy plants | |
CN109416019B (en) | Wind power plant with multiple wind turbine generators and a power plant controller | |
CN107453410B (en) | Load disturbance double-fed fan participated wind-diesel micro-grid frequency modulation control method | |
WO2010089253A1 (en) | Distributed electrical power production system and method of control thereof | |
CN102177636A (en) | System and method for power management in a photovoltaic installation | |
CN108462212B (en) | Control method of new energy power system in multi-source multi-regulation-control-domain operation mode | |
CN109861251A (en) | A kind of double-fed fan comprehensive control method for the temporary steady frequency optimization of microgrid | |
CN109416020B (en) | Wind power plant with multiple wind turbine generators and a power plant controller | |
JP2007032488A (en) | Generated power equalizing device for wind farm and its method | |
US20200063712A1 (en) | Inertial response for grid stability | |
Xiao et al. | Flat tie-line power scheduling control of grid-connected hybrid microgrids | |
CN106487024B (en) | Wind power plant reactive compensation device and reactive replacement method and device of wind power generation set | |
CN114759620A (en) | Reactive power cooperative optimization regulation and control method, device and system for wind and light storage station group | |
US20230006443A1 (en) | Active power control in renewable power plants for grid stabilisation | |
Wang et al. | Frequency response methods for grid-connected wind power generations: A review | |
CN112634076B (en) | Distributed regulation and control method for wind power-containing multi-microgrid system considering flexibility reserve | |
CN115049323B (en) | Virtual power plant monitoring system based on distributed resource collaboration | |
CN113131531B (en) | Adjustment standby sharing method and system suitable for different operation conditions of power grid | |
CN117674108A (en) | Dynamic partitioning method and system for regulating and controlling power distribution system based on dynamic source-load matching degree | |
CN117040031A (en) | Control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of power grid by variable-speed pumped storage unit | |
CN115864432A (en) | Cooperative automatic power generation control method for pumped storage and new energy power generation |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INGETEAM, S.A., SPAIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MAYOR, JESUS;SOLE, DAVID;ACEDO, JORGE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:019918/0778;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070906 TO 20070911 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INGETEAM ENERGY, S.A., SPAIN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INGETEAM, S.A.;REEL/FRAME:023282/0330 Effective date: 20080825 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INGETEAM ENERGY, S.A., SPAIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SIMON, SUSANA;CARCAR, AINHOA;ZABALETA, MIKEL;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100824 TO 20100915;REEL/FRAME:025175/0770 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |