US20070098555A1 - Wind turbine comprising elastically flexible rotor blades - Google Patents
Wind turbine comprising elastically flexible rotor blades Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070098555A1 US20070098555A1 US11/611,319 US61131906A US2007098555A1 US 20070098555 A1 US20070098555 A1 US 20070098555A1 US 61131906 A US61131906 A US 61131906A US 2007098555 A1 US2007098555 A1 US 2007098555A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rotor blade
- wind turbine
- rotor
- blade
- wind
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/202—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid
- F05B2240/2022—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid by means of teetering or coning blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
- F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
- F05B2240/2213—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis and with the rotor downwind from the yaw pivot axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
- F05B2240/311—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape flexible or elastic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05B2280/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05B2280/5001—Elasticity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/02—Elasticity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
- F05C2253/04—Composite, e.g. fibre-reinforced
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the problem of the invention is to provide a wind turbine of the aforementioned type, where limited loads are applied to the overall wind turbine structure due to wind pressure under extreme wind conditions.
- this problem is solved by the construction of the at least one rotor blade with a flexural strength of the blade profile in the force application direction, allowing the elastic deflection of the rotor blade by more than half its total length.
- the flexural strength of the rotor blade permits the deflection by more than twice its length.
- the considerable deflection is made possible by the use of thin aerodynamic profiles in conjunction with the use of high strength materials, and at the same time a low modulus of elasticity. Thus, even in the case of pronounced deflections, the permitted material stresses and strains are not exceeded.
- the preferably used relative profile thickness i.e. the ratio of the absolute profile thickness to the absolute profile depth, is between 0.05 and 0.15.
- the profile thickness and profile depth are constant over the entire blade length.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of the wind turbine comprising elastically flexible rotor blades with the rotor in a non-bent position and the wind direction indicated by an arrow.
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the wind turbine in a decelerated state and the rotor blades in a bent position from extreme winds.
- FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the rotor blade in an extruded position directed by the wind force indicated by the letter S.
- FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic representation of the deflection rate of the rotor blade at different wind speeds.
Abstract
The invention relates to a wind turbine having a tower, a nacelle that is mounted on the tower and can be rotated about the axis of the tower, and a rotor which is carried by the nacelle on the lee side and having at least one rotor blade. The flexural strength of the at least one rotor blade permitting the elastic flexure of said blade by more than half of its extension and allowing deflection by more than two thirds of its total length.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/DE2005/001547, filed on Sep. 5, 2005, which in turn bases priority on German Application No. 10 2004 045 401.9, filed on Sep. 18, 2004.
- 1. Field of Invention
- The invention relates to a wind turbine having a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower and rotatable about its axis, and a rotor having at least one rotor blade mounted in a rotary manner in the nacelle, and rotating on the lee side relative to the tower.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- Over the last few decades, wind power technology has developed very dynamically, relating only from average size to very large turbines for main parallel operation. However, there have been no advances in the last twenty years in the development of small power systems in the kilowatt range. Therefore, the turbines are still very expensive and have, consequently, not entered the market. Wind power use could play an important part in supplying two billion people without access to electricity. For such cases, there is a great need for turbines with a power level of 1 to 10 kW, but these must be extremely robust, inexpensive, easy to erect and largely maintenance-free.
- However, existing small turbines are unable to fulfill these requirements because they are too expensive and/or too fault-prone. A particular problem arises in that the turbines must be designed in such a way as to withstand extremely high wind forces (typhoons, hurricanes, etc.). The designed wind speeds are up to 70 meters per second. With such wind speeds, the turbine is decelerated and is at a standstill.
- In order to achieve this, solutions are known in which the rotor blades are rotated about their longitudinal axis so as to reduce shear. In other turbine types the entire nacelle is rotated out of the wind with the aid of a wind vane or by a pivoting device in which the complete rotor is brought into helicopter mode. It is a common feature of all these solutions that they are expensive, and also fault-prone, so that they are unsuitable for more widespread use. The same applies with regards to turbines which have to absorb high, extreme loads using very rigid blades, and transfer the same to the overall turbine and into the foundation.
- DE 298 80 145 U1 discloses a wind turbine with an elastically flexible rotor blade.
- The problem of the invention is to provide a wind turbine of the aforementioned type, where limited loads are applied to the overall wind turbine structure due to wind pressure under extreme wind conditions.
- According to the invention, this problem is solved by the construction of the at least one rotor blade with a flexural strength of the blade profile in the force application direction, allowing the elastic deflection of the rotor blade by more than half its total length. In a preferred embodiment, the flexural strength of the rotor blade permits the deflection by more than twice its length.
- It is particularly advantageous to have a fixed attachment of the rotor blade to the hub without any adjustability by means of bearings or joints, so that fault-proneness is minimized.
- As a result of this pronounced deflection there is, firstly, a considerable decrease in the projected wind application surface, and secondly, the resistance coefficient is significantly reduced as a result of the pronounced outward curvature of the blades associated with the flexure or deflection. As a result of these two effects, under extreme wind conditions the wind shear on the entire turbine can be reduced by half compared with those turbines using rigid blades. This economized materials for the load-transferring components, such as the rotor shaft, machine casing, vertical bearing, tower, anchoring and foundation, so that the total turbine production costs are significantly decreased.
- The considerable deflection is made possible by the use of thin aerodynamic profiles in conjunction with the use of high strength materials, and at the same time a low modulus of elasticity. Thus, even in the case of pronounced deflections, the permitted material stresses and strains are not exceeded. The preferably used relative profile thickness, i.e. the ratio of the absolute profile thickness to the absolute profile depth, is between 0.05 and 0.15.
- In a preferred embodiment, the profile thickness and profile depth are constant over the entire blade length. This development makes it possible for the at least one rotor blade to be an extruded fiber composite profile. If the fiber composite material is a glass fiber plastic composite, the requirement for high strength and, at the same time, relatively low modulus of elasticity is fulfilled.
- Further features and advantages of the present invention can be gathered from the following descriptions of the preferred embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 shows a side view of the wind turbine comprising elastically flexible rotor blades with the rotor in a non-bent position and the wind direction indicated by an arrow. -
FIG. 2 shows a side view of the embodiment ofFIG. 1 with the wind turbine in a decelerated state and the rotor blades in a bent position from extreme winds. -
FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the rotor blade in an extruded position directed by the wind force indicated by the letter S. -
FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic representation of the deflection rate of the rotor blade at different wind speeds. -
FIG. 1 illustrates the wind power turbine withtower 10 andtower anchor 12. Thenacelle 14 is mounted so as to rotate about the axis oftower 10. Innacelle 14 is mounted therotor 16, which rotates on the lee side, i.e. on the side oftower 10 that is remote from the wind. When therotor 16 is stationary because of limited wind conditions, and with the turbine operating, the blades are not or only slightly deflected. The blades are fitted to the hub with a cone angle, i.e. a tilted arrangement in the wind direction, so that when the turbine is operating the centrifugal forces and wind shear forces are such that there are roughly no bending movements on the blade root. For wind speeds above the cut-out speed, the turbine is decelerated and brought to a standstill. - As illustrated in
FIG. 2 , the wind power turbine ofFIG. 1 is shown in the decelerated state under extreme wind speeds. As a result of the wind shear, the blades are deflected by more than two thirds of their total length. As a result of this pronounced deflection, the wind load is significantly reduced because the wind application surface is reduced. In addition, the resistance coefficient of the profile is decreased compared with the flow direction due to the marked inclination of the blade. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a thin aerodynamic profile of the rotor blade with a relative profile thickness of approximately 8%, i.e. the value of thegreatest profile thickness 20 relative to theprofile depth 22 is 0.08. As a result, the profile cross-section has a limited rigidity in the force application direction, and the wind loading can significantly bend the blade in the force application direction. - As illustrated in
FIG. 4 , the deflection of the flexible rotor blade is determined by the prevailing wind speed. The flexural strength is chosen in such a way that at wind speeds of 70 meters per second, it allows an elastic deflection of the blades of 70% of the total blade length.
Claims (8)
1-7. (canceled)
8. A wind turbine having a tower, a nacelle located on the tower and rotatable about its axis, and a rotor having at least one rotor blade rotating on the lee side and carried by the nacelle by a hub, the wind turbine comprising:
a) the at least one rotor blade firmly connected to the hub and fabricated from a high strength material having a low modulus of elasticity thereby giving the at least one rotor blade a flexural strength for allowing their elastic flexure by more than half a total length of said at least one rotor blade and a constant profile thickness and profile depth over said total blade length.
9. The wind turbine of claim 8 , wherein the flexural strength of the at least one rotor blade allows for deflection thereof by more than two-thirds of the total length of said at least one rotor blade.
10. The wind turbine of claim 8 , wherein the constant profile thickness of said total blade length of said at least one rotor blade has a relative profile thickness between 5% and 15%.
11. The wind turbine of claim 8 , wherein the at least one rotor blade is made from an extruded composite fiber profile.
12. The wind turbine of claim 11 , wherein the at least one rotor blade is an extruded profile of fiber glass-reinforced plastic.
13. The wind turbine of claim 8 , wherein the at least one rotor blade comprises two rotor blades disposed in outwardly opposed directions from said hub.
14. The wind turbine of claim 8 , wherein the at least one rotor blade comprises more than two rotor blades disposed in outwardly directions from said hub.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004045401.9 | 2004-09-18 | ||
DE102004045401A DE102004045401A1 (en) | 2004-09-18 | 2004-09-18 | Wind energy plant with elastically flexible rotor blades |
PCT/DE2005/001547 WO2006029593A1 (en) | 2004-09-18 | 2005-09-05 | Wind turbine comprising elastically flexible rotor blades |
WOPCT/DE05/01547 | 2005-09-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070098555A1 true US20070098555A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
Family
ID=35431363
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/611,319 Abandoned US20070098555A1 (en) | 2004-09-18 | 2006-12-15 | Wind turbine comprising elastically flexible rotor blades |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070098555A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1789677A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1997822A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102004045401A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006029593A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009073191A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-11 | Wagner Thomas V | Wind turbine rotor assembly |
US7582977B1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2009-09-01 | Clipper Windpower Technology, Inc. | Extendable rotor blades for power generating wind and ocean current turbines within a module mounted atop a main blade |
US20100303631A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind Turbine Rotor Blade Having Segmented Tip |
US20110120108A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Pioneer Energy Products, Llc | Wind turbine |
US20140112782A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2014-04-24 | Educational Foundation Bunri Gakuen | Propeller windmill for small-sized power generator |
US9509036B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-11-29 | Pioneer Energy Products, Llc | Communications units with high capacity low profile antenna arrangements |
US9709029B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2017-07-18 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Morphing segmented wind turbine and related method |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2484148A (en) * | 2010-10-02 | 2012-04-04 | Duncan James Parfitt | Windmill with apertured flexible vanes |
DE102014204591B3 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-04-02 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Bidirectional flowable horizontal rotor turbine with passive overload protection |
CN104343643B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2017-01-25 | 王东明 | Lift type elastic synergistic windmill blade |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4050246A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1977-09-27 | Gaston Bourquardez | Wind driven power system |
US4366387A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1982-12-28 | Carter Wind Power | Wind-driven generator apparatus and method of making blade supports _therefor |
US20040052640A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-18 | Ghazi Khan | All weather windmills |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2546884A1 (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1977-04-21 | Goslich Hans Dietrich | Wind operated turbine for power production - has blades pivoted on pins to limit axial bending moments |
DE3126692A1 (en) * | 1980-12-17 | 1983-02-10 | Hilarius 4300 Essen Drzisga | Wind turbine |
DE8122496U1 (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1985-10-31 | Lepoix, Louis L., 7570 Baden-Baden | Device for converting the kinetic energy of the wind into another type of energy, preferably into electrical energy |
DK100497A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | Novo Nordisk As | Chemical compound |
DE19807477C2 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 2000-01-13 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | rotor |
WO2002073031A1 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | Benny Klemar | A wind turbine wing |
-
2004
- 2004-09-18 DE DE102004045401A patent/DE102004045401A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-09-05 EP EP05791823A patent/EP1789677A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-05 WO PCT/DE2005/001547 patent/WO2006029593A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-05 CN CNA2005800190005A patent/CN1997822A/en active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-12-15 US US11/611,319 patent/US20070098555A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4050246A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1977-09-27 | Gaston Bourquardez | Wind driven power system |
US4366387A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1982-12-28 | Carter Wind Power | Wind-driven generator apparatus and method of making blade supports _therefor |
US20040052640A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-18 | Ghazi Khan | All weather windmills |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7582977B1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2009-09-01 | Clipper Windpower Technology, Inc. | Extendable rotor blades for power generating wind and ocean current turbines within a module mounted atop a main blade |
WO2009073191A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-11 | Wagner Thomas V | Wind turbine rotor assembly |
US20090148304A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-11 | Wagner Thomas V | Wind turbine rotor assembly |
US8430636B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2013-04-30 | Thomas V. Wagner | Wind turbine rotor assembly |
US20100303631A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind Turbine Rotor Blade Having Segmented Tip |
US20110120108A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Pioneer Energy Products, Llc | Wind turbine |
US8596978B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2013-12-03 | Pioneer Energy Products, Llc | Wind turbine |
US9709029B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2017-07-18 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Morphing segmented wind turbine and related method |
US11466660B2 (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2022-10-11 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Morphing segmented wind turbine and related method |
US20140112782A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2014-04-24 | Educational Foundation Bunri Gakuen | Propeller windmill for small-sized power generator |
US9039367B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2015-05-26 | Educational Foundation Bunri Gakuen | Propeller windmill for small-sized power generator |
US9509036B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-11-29 | Pioneer Energy Products, Llc | Communications units with high capacity low profile antenna arrangements |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006029593A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
EP1789677A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
DE102004045401A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
CN1997822A (en) | 2007-07-11 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AERODYN ENERGIESYSTEME GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIEGFRIEDSEN, SONKE;REEL/FRAME:018640/0501 Effective date: 20061115 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |