US20040011268A1 - Structure that counteracts biofouling in aquatic environments - Google Patents
Structure that counteracts biofouling in aquatic environments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040011268A1 US20040011268A1 US10/381,573 US38157303A US2004011268A1 US 20040011268 A1 US20040011268 A1 US 20040011268A1 US 38157303 A US38157303 A US 38157303A US 2004011268 A1 US2004011268 A1 US 2004011268A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foil
- fact
- structure according
- protected
- ribs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
- B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
- B08B17/065—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement the surface having a microscopic surface pattern to achieve the same effect as a lotus flower
Definitions
- This invention has reference to counteracting bio-fouling on surfaces in aquatic environments by letting the surface have a ribbed structure.
- bio-fouling Surfaces which are immersed into the sea will immediately be covered by bio-fouling.
- bio-fouling First a thin layer of bio-polymers, bacteria and unicellular algae is formed, followed by a thick layer of invertebrates for instance acorn barnacles and mussels.
- bio-fouling is a serious problem for shipping because the increased water resistance has an influence on the fuel consumption.
- bio-fouling has negative consequences for flows through piping systems and for exchange speeds in heat exchangers.
- the marine cultivation industry is also affected negatively by bio-fouling. Net bags, cultivation cages, rafts and ropes will often be strongly overgrown which will cause increased mortality and high cleaning costs. Increased weight and cleaning as a result of bio-fouling are also problems within offshore industry.
- TBT paints Tributyltin
- pleasure boats in most cases copper-based paints.
- Increased environment-consciousness of the risk of spreading these very poisonous substances in the sea has resulted in local prohibitions against their use.
- a global restriction against the use of TBT paints for commercial shipping is expected to come into force in 2008.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a foil greatly magnified.
- FIG. 2 shows, greatly magnified, a ribbed structure directly on a surface which is to be protected.
- [0008] 1 indicates a carrying foil of plastic with a high melting-point. This foil is laminated with a second foil 2 of a more easily fusible plastic. 3 indicates a self-adhesive glue. From the easily fusible plastic a big number of ribs 4 run out. At the base they can be for instance 0.15 millimetres wide and one millimetre high. They have an outward narrowing form. The ribs are placed close to each other in parallel rows. The ribs have a rounded transition at the base.
- the foil After manufacturing the foil can be rolled on rolls. Protective paper which can be pulled off is not necessary since the edges of the ribs reach the self-adhesive layer when rolled up.
- the inside can consist of a non-woven material which is well fastened to the carrying foil.
- the non-woven material can easily be glued and in this case it is the intention that the object which is to be protected or the foil can be provided with glue and that after that the foil is pressed on to the object.
- the foil If the foil is to be suitable for small boats, for instance pleasure boats of plastic where the surface of the hull is strongly curved, the foil can be a little elastic, which many plastics allow. In order to prevent air-bubbles between the hull and the foil, the foil can be perforated.
- the production of the foil can be made so that a laminate of carrying foil of not thermoplastic material or of a plastic with a high melting point is laminated with a thermoplastic with a low melting point.
- the laminate is heated and pressed against a rotating cylinder provided with many grooves in which plastic material is pressed out and forms ribs. After the plastic has come into the grooves the plastic is cooled and when the carrying foil is rolled off from the cylinder the ribs leave the grooves.
- the foil can be given various shapes with regard to the use of material, the distance between the ribs, height, thickness, inclination and cross-section of the ribs.
- the ribs can be made to be at right angles to the surface and with an equal distance between them. Because the ribs are made by pressing from a foil they are safely connected with it and cannot come loose. Owing to the outward narrowing form they are strong and owing to the open form the foil can be easily cleaned.
- the ribs are indicated by 5 , They were made directly on a hull 6 .
- This can be made by rolling a cylinder of adjacent round razor blades under pressure against the surface which has first been smeared with the material which is to form the ribs.
- the rolling can be made with a cold cylinder on a polymer which has not had time to harden or with a heated cylinder on a hardened polymer.
- a great height of the ribs affects the friction against the water negatively.
- the height of the ribs is of little importance.
Abstract
The invention aims at a structure which counteract bio-fouling in aquatic environments and is principally characterized by the fact that the surface of an object has parallel ribs projecting from it (4, 5), close to each other, which are narrowing outward and whose height is less than two millimetres.
Description
- This invention has reference to counteracting bio-fouling on surfaces in aquatic environments by letting the surface have a ribbed structure.
- Surfaces which are immersed into the sea will immediately be covered by bio-fouling. First a thin layer of bio-polymers, bacteria and unicellular algae is formed, followed by a thick layer of invertebrates for instance acorn barnacles and mussels. Such bio-fouling is a serious problem for shipping because the increased water resistance has an influence on the fuel consumption. Besides bio-fouling has negative consequences for flows through piping systems and for exchange speeds in heat exchangers. The marine cultivation industry is also affected negatively by bio-fouling. Net bags, cultivation cages, rafts and ropes will often be strongly overgrown which will cause increased mortality and high cleaning costs. Increased weight and cleaning as a result of bio-fouling are also problems within offshore industry.
- The most frequent method to counteract bio-fouling is applying poisonous paints to the surfaces which are to be protected. Commercial shipping often uses TBT paints (Tributyltin) and pleasure boats in most cases copper-based paints. Increased environment-consciousness of the risk of spreading these very poisonous substances in the sea has resulted in local prohibitions against their use. Moreover a global restriction against the use of TBT paints for commercial shipping is expected to come into force in 2008.
- The need of new environment-friendly solutions to prevent bio-fouling is obvious. On the Swedish west coast for instance the dominating problem is acorn barnacles. One method which does not include any chemical substances to reduce bio-fouling by acorn barnacles is providing surfaces with microstructures. In repeated experiments it has been observed that the larvae of acorn barnacles avoid surfaces with structures of a certain appearance. The mechanism is that the adhesion of the larvae is disturbed and interrupted and that the larvae actively choose to abandon the surface. Existing inventions which give this effect is providing surfaces with fibres which are glued at right angles out from the surface. Other existing methods are attaching a carrying layer of cloth with projecting fibres from the cloth or attaching a plastic film with thin plastic strips welded to it.
- The invention has the special characteristics which are evident from the patent claims and will be explained more closely in the following by means of figures where examples are shown.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a foil greatly magnified.
- FIG. 2 shows, greatly magnified, a ribbed structure directly on a surface which is to be protected.
-
second foil 2 of a more easily fusible plastic. 3 indicates a self-adhesive glue. From the easily fusible plastic a big number ofribs 4 run out. At the base they can be for instance 0.15 millimetres wide and one millimetre high. They have an outward narrowing form. The ribs are placed close to each other in parallel rows. The ribs have a rounded transition at the base. - After manufacturing the foil can be rolled on rolls. Protective paper which can be pulled off is not necessary since the edges of the ribs reach the self-adhesive layer when rolled up.
- Instead of a self-adhesive glue, the inside can consist of a non-woven material which is well fastened to the carrying foil. The non-woven material can easily be glued and in this case it is the intention that the object which is to be protected or the foil can be provided with glue and that after that the foil is pressed on to the object. If the foil is to be suitable for small boats, for instance pleasure boats of plastic where the surface of the hull is strongly curved, the foil can be a little elastic, which many plastics allow. In order to prevent air-bubbles between the hull and the foil, the foil can be perforated.
- The production of the foil can be made so that a laminate of carrying foil of not thermoplastic material or of a plastic with a high melting point is laminated with a thermoplastic with a low melting point. The laminate is heated and pressed against a rotating cylinder provided with many grooves in which plastic material is pressed out and forms ribs. After the plastic has come into the grooves the plastic is cooled and when the carrying foil is rolled off from the cylinder the ribs leave the grooves.
- It is possible to make a foil with projecting narrowing ribs also in other ways, for instance by chemical etching.
- It is evident that the foil can be given various shapes with regard to the use of material, the distance between the ribs, height, thickness, inclination and cross-section of the ribs.
- If the foil is strong it is possible, after long use, to pull off the foil from a hull.
- Unlike attaching loose fibres to a surface where many fibres are slanting and the distance between the fibres is not controlled, the ribs can be made to be at right angles to the surface and with an equal distance between them. Because the ribs are made by pressing from a foil they are safely connected with it and cannot come loose. Owing to the outward narrowing form they are strong and owing to the open form the foil can be easily cleaned.
- In FIG. 2 the ribs are indicated by5, They were made directly on a hull 6. This can be made by rolling a cylinder of adjacent round razor blades under pressure against the surface which has first been smeared with the material which is to form the ribs. The rolling can be made with a cold cylinder on a polymer which has not had time to harden or with a heated cylinder on a hardened polymer.
- On ships the ribs should be parallel with the surface of water to make friction against the water low. This direction also gives the best anti-fouling effect since it disturbs the wandering of the larvae towards the light.
- Experiments have been made with a rib structure where the angles at the base were 79 degrees. This surface reduced the fouling of acorn barnacles with 98 per cent compared with a smooth control surface.
- A great height of the ribs affects the friction against the water negatively. For stationary objects for instance off-shore and sea breeding the height of the ribs is of little importance.
- For pipes longitudinal ribs inside and outside can be made by extrusion.
Claims (8)
1. Structure that counteracts biofouling in aquatic environments, characterized by the fact that the surface of an object has ribs projecting from it, situated close to each other (4, 5), which are narrowing outward and whose height is less than two millimetres.
2. Structure according to Patent claim 1 , characterized by the fact that each rib has a cross-section in the main triangular with the angles at the base larger than 70 degrees.
3. Structure according to an earlier patent claim, characterized by the fact that the ribs are made from a foil which is meant to be glued on the object which is to be protected.
4. Structure according to Patent claim 3 , characterized by the fact that the foil on its inside has a carrying layer of other material than the foil and where the carrying layer is meant to be glued on the object which is to be protected.
5. Structure according to Patent claim 1 , characterized by the fact that it is made with a cold or warm tool directly on the surface of the object which is to be protected.
6. Structure according to Patent claim 1 , characterized by the fact that it is made by chemical etching directly on the surface which is to be protected.
7. Structure according to Patent claim 1 , characterized by the fact that it is made by chemical etching on a foil which is glued on the object which is to be protected.
8. Structures according to Patent claim 1 , characterized by the fact that it is made on pipes by extrusion.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0003815A SE0003815L (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2000-10-18 | Structure that counteracts biological growth in aquatic environment |
SE0003815.8 | 2000-10-18 | ||
PCT/SE2001/002229 WO2002032755A1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2001-10-15 | Structure that counteracts bio-fouling in aquatic environments |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040011268A1 true US20040011268A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
Family
ID=20281506
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/381,573 Abandoned US20040011268A1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2001-10-15 | Structure that counteracts biofouling in aquatic environments |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040011268A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1360107B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE327147T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001294494A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60119984T2 (en) |
SE (1) | SE0003815L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002032755A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104245163A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-12-24 | 艾华德·多肯股份公司 | Antifouling web |
US20170050822A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-02-23 | Wurtec Elevator Products & Services | False Car Device |
WO2021033162A1 (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-02-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured surface with increased microorganism removal when cleaned, articles and methods |
WO2022162528A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured surface with increased microorganism removal when cleaned, articles and methods |
US11766822B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2023-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured surface with increased microorganism removal when cleaned, articles and methods |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7934888B2 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2011-05-03 | Viv Suppression, Inc. | Marine anti-foulant system and methods for using same |
WO2011098266A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Renolit Se | Antifouling film |
DE102011050433A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-22 | ORCA Maritime GmbH | Web-shaped film, method for coating a watercraft and watercraft |
Citations (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3554154A (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1971-01-12 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Structure with antifouling surface |
US3661506A (en) * | 1969-09-03 | 1972-05-09 | Outboard Marine Corp | Means and method of eliminating and controlling marine fouling |
US4035546A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-07-12 | Ruppert Jr Emile | Strippable anti-fouling covering for marine structures |
US4082588A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1978-04-04 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Metal protecting lead/plastic laminate |
US4375199A (en) * | 1978-01-11 | 1983-03-01 | United Wire Group P.L.C. | Submersible or semi-submersible structures |
US4706910A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1987-11-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Combined riblet and lebu drag reduction system |
US4814227A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1989-03-21 | Nichiban Company Limited | Adhesive sheet for preventing aquatic growths and method for preventing aquatic growths |
US4865909A (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-09-12 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Microporous anti-fouling marine coating |
US4923730A (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-05-08 | Dai-Ichi High Frequency Co. Ltd. | Anti-fouling surface structure, anti-fouling covering material and method of planting ribbons for producing anti-fouling surface structure and covering material |
US4930729A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1990-06-05 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Control of fluid flow |
US4947785A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1990-08-14 | International Paint Public Limited Company | Improvements in or relating to boat hulls |
US5069403A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1991-12-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Drag reduction article |
US5116655A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1992-05-26 | Tuguo Ezoe | Preventive method against apposition of a marine organism and a preventive sheet against apposition of a marine organism |
US5133516A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1992-07-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Drag reduction article |
US5226380A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-13 | Fischer Kenneth J | Marine organism repellent covering for protection of underwater objects and method of applying same |
US5359951A (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-11-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Active turbulence control using microelectrodes, permanent magnets in microgrooves |
US5445095A (en) * | 1990-08-14 | 1995-08-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Polymer/riblet combination for hydrodynamic skin friction reduction |
US5618588A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1997-04-08 | Sealflock Aktiebolag | Coating on marine constructions |
US5769019A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-06-23 | Dias Da Silva; Luiz F. | Protective covering for outdoor structures |
US5814172A (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-09-29 | Cox; Arthur R. | Thermoplastics sheets for protecting sub-marine structures |
US6197137B1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2001-03-06 | Kaoru Akahani | Method of preventing adhesion of aquatic organisms in structures in water |
US6345791B1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2002-02-12 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Streamwise variable height riblets for reducing skin friction drag of surfaces |
US6607826B1 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2003-08-19 | Brunswick Corporation | Plastic anti-fouling film for boat hull protection |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001114185A (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Sea water resistance reduced ship and resistance reducing method for hull |
-
2000
- 2000-10-18 SE SE0003815A patent/SE0003815L/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-10-15 AT AT01975140T patent/ATE327147T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-15 US US10/381,573 patent/US20040011268A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-15 WO PCT/SE2001/002229 patent/WO2002032755A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-10-15 AU AU2001294494A patent/AU2001294494A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-15 EP EP01975140A patent/EP1360107B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-15 DE DE60119984T patent/DE60119984T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3554154A (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1971-01-12 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Structure with antifouling surface |
US3661506A (en) * | 1969-09-03 | 1972-05-09 | Outboard Marine Corp | Means and method of eliminating and controlling marine fouling |
US4035546A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-07-12 | Ruppert Jr Emile | Strippable anti-fouling covering for marine structures |
US4082588A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1978-04-04 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Metal protecting lead/plastic laminate |
US4375199A (en) * | 1978-01-11 | 1983-03-01 | United Wire Group P.L.C. | Submersible or semi-submersible structures |
US4706910A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1987-11-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Combined riblet and lebu drag reduction system |
US5069403A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1991-12-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Drag reduction article |
US5133516A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1992-07-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Drag reduction article |
US4814227A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1989-03-21 | Nichiban Company Limited | Adhesive sheet for preventing aquatic growths and method for preventing aquatic growths |
US4930729A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1990-06-05 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Control of fluid flow |
US4865909A (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-09-12 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Microporous anti-fouling marine coating |
US4947785A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1990-08-14 | International Paint Public Limited Company | Improvements in or relating to boat hulls |
US5116655A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1992-05-26 | Tuguo Ezoe | Preventive method against apposition of a marine organism and a preventive sheet against apposition of a marine organism |
US4923730A (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-05-08 | Dai-Ichi High Frequency Co. Ltd. | Anti-fouling surface structure, anti-fouling covering material and method of planting ribbons for producing anti-fouling surface structure and covering material |
US5445095A (en) * | 1990-08-14 | 1995-08-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Polymer/riblet combination for hydrodynamic skin friction reduction |
US5226380A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-13 | Fischer Kenneth J | Marine organism repellent covering for protection of underwater objects and method of applying same |
US5618588A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1997-04-08 | Sealflock Aktiebolag | Coating on marine constructions |
US5359951A (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-11-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Active turbulence control using microelectrodes, permanent magnets in microgrooves |
US5769019A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-06-23 | Dias Da Silva; Luiz F. | Protective covering for outdoor structures |
US5814172A (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-09-29 | Cox; Arthur R. | Thermoplastics sheets for protecting sub-marine structures |
US6197137B1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2001-03-06 | Kaoru Akahani | Method of preventing adhesion of aquatic organisms in structures in water |
US6607826B1 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2003-08-19 | Brunswick Corporation | Plastic anti-fouling film for boat hull protection |
US6345791B1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2002-02-12 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Streamwise variable height riblets for reducing skin friction drag of surfaces |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104245163A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-12-24 | 艾华德·多肯股份公司 | Antifouling web |
US20170050822A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-02-23 | Wurtec Elevator Products & Services | False Car Device |
WO2021033162A1 (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-02-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured surface with increased microorganism removal when cleaned, articles and methods |
US11766822B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2023-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured surface with increased microorganism removal when cleaned, articles and methods |
WO2022162528A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured surface with increased microorganism removal when cleaned, articles and methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE327147T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
SE515838C2 (en) | 2001-10-15 |
EP1360107A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
DE60119984D1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
SE0003815L (en) | 2001-10-15 |
SE0003815D0 (en) | 2000-10-18 |
DE60119984T2 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
EP1360107B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
AU2001294494A1 (en) | 2002-04-29 |
WO2002032755A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |