US1734801A - Heiwbich freise - Google Patents

Description

Nov.- 5, 1929. H. EREISE AEROPLANE WING Filed Aug. 5, 1927 Ill II/III] ,lll/1111111111 j Hea'nra'c Frea'ue Attorney Patented Nov. 5, 1929 YUNITED STATES, rATnNr ortica HEINRICH FREISE, OF BOCHUM, GERMANY AEROPLANE WING Application ledAugust 5, 1927, Serial No. 210,949, and in Germany August 6, 1926.

My present invention broadly relates to aeroplanes and more particularly to aeroplane-wings and has for its object the provision of an aeroplane-wing adaptedto increase the buoyancy of aeroplanes and the like to a degree hitherto not attainable To increase the buoyancy of aeroplanes theywere until now provided with comparatively thick wings wherein numerous chanif nels, passages, ducts or slits were arranged in an oblique direction to let the air on its upward way therethrough press against the upper surface thereof; or the air was caused to bear in form of natural whirls, or artificial-- l. ly produced whirls, against the underside of the wings; oi' when the wings were hollow, the air was led through slits arranged in the under-layer of the wing and caused to press against the under surfaces of the up- 5 L per-layer thereof. The practical results obtainedby means of these and similar structures were however very insignificant, since the air pressure under the wing is comparatively small and reaches, broadly spoken, only mi one third of,4 the air pressure created by the velocity of the'aeroplane. l

In accordance with my present invention this drawback is removed by means of a novel construction of the wing, wherein in addition of the knownunderpressure still another underpressure comes into action, which approximately equals the aiipres'sure created by the velocity of the aircraft. To this end the air is introduced into a hollow space of ai' the wing at the frontal edge of the latter and is compressed therein to the extent indicated above. This I accomplish by means of airinlet-channels kept in parallelism with the direction of the motion of the air and piv- 0 otally arranged at the front end of said hollow space of the wing. By means of such aireinlet-channels of sufficiently large crosssectional area the air can not turn aside but is compelled to flow with little or no resistance through said inlet-channels into the hollow wing. The utilization of this exceptionally high compressed air I accomplish as shown by way of'eXample in the annexed drawing, by leading the air upward. through longitudinal slots of the intermediate part of a fiat wing-frame against defiectors which simultaneously cause the formation of many strong air-whirls which press against curved jalousie blades and the like and are kept by the latter under high pressure on their whole way backward and also laterally. Hereby said whirls are guided in such a manner that after their eXit they energi cally carry along with them the air which passes over the exposed parts of said ample.

Figure 1 is a plan View of an aeroplane provided with the improved wing with parts broken away to show structural details.

' Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 2 2 of Figure 1 on a larger scale.

Figure 3 is a partial front-elevation of said aeroplane, likewise shown on a larger scale.

Figures 4 and 5 show sectional views of details of construction on a larger scale than given in Figure 2.

The body l of the aeroplane shown may be of any desirable shape and construction and the improved wing 2 may be connected therewith by any suitable means adapted to replace the staysrods 3 indicated iii Figures 2 and 3. The improved wing preferably consists of one or another of the light metals now freely employed in the construction of the different kinds of aircrafts. The Awing 2 broadly consists of a flat frame 4, a bottom layer 5 and a top-layer composed of the outer ends of the jalousie blades 14. Said frame comprises a head-member, a tail-member and an intermediate part composed of a plurality of hollow slabs r of such shape as to form slots 8 between the longitudinal edges of two adjacent slabsq as shown in Figures 2, 4 and 5.

These slots are wider at Cit -5 of said `dis`tribution-chamber.

their ends than between them, in order to facilitate the entrance of the air into said slots and its exit therefrom. The lower end of said slots are preferably formed by curved faces which turn the entrances of said slots toward the frontal edge '0f the Wing and ap" l proach each other until they merge into the narrowest part of the slotsbound by straight faces. The bottom-layer 5 is attached to the underside of the frame 4 to form a distribution chamber 9 and the-bottom-layer 4itself is provided with a plurality Vof distributionchannels 10 the depth of which decreases toward the rear in a similar manner as thedepth 'The slabsr 7 are carried and kept in their properlfplace by cross-beamsllof suitable cross-section. The one end of each beam is 'supported by the head-member of said frame and 'the' other by the tail-member thereof, whichis provided with recesses 12 to reduce 4the weight of said frame. Vertically over the longitudi nal slots 8 a number of supports-'13 is arranged on each cross-beam to receive the inner ends of curved alousie blades 14; which compose the top-layer. The inner end of each jalousie blade is provided with a lateral wing 14, which in conjunction with the jalousie blade ,proper forms a double-winged deflector 15. `The components of these delectors `are joined to 4forma more or less accented ridge which pointsdownward to the central line Vof lthe longitudinal slot beneath it, and are preferably curved to such an eX- tent yas to rthrow one half of two different streams of air, 4which simultaneously pass through two adjacent longitudinal slots ,upward, against each other. Theouter ends of said jalousie blades are supported by means of distance-pieces 16 preferably of elliptical or similar cross-section to produce outletslots 17 considerably greater in width than the longitudinal slots 8. A' wing composed of parts suchas enumerated above, shaped or spared out vto combine theV greatest lstrength withtheleast weight and properly joined togeth er answers all reasonable requirements.

In order to increase the buoyancy of the aeroplane by means vof this improved wing, the -frontaledge of thev latter isprovided with a suitable number of inlet-channels 18 of rectangular, elliptical, ,ovah circular or of any other crosssection. These inlet-channels are hinged to alshaft 19 preferably embeddedin the frontal face of the wing andprovided with a lever 2O connected by means of a' rod 21 to the upper'vertical `arm 22 of the arm` cross 23 of the rudder 24, Figures l and 2;

The object of-this arrangement is to keep `the inlet-channels 18 under all conditions ina horizontal position to prevent that the air into which the aeroplane forcesrit's way strikes against said inlet-channelsat one time from above and at another time from below :in an oblique direction, for `this would lessen the the'angle of ascension orf descension is altered. This `unvarying buoyancy c anqnot be .obtained iby aeroplanes Yequippeilwith `so-called slitewings because they .do not permit the air to rush through the slits iup-ward and thereby create usefulgpower when`j`the aeroplane .moves along horizontally or when it descends, so that 'the ,natural `huevanfcy thereof can be only improved-in the Ineas,- ure the angleof ascensionis increased F1-ovm theu foreging rit will be clear that? fthe carryf ing-capacity of an aeroplane y equ'ipped with a wing constructed in accordance with my present invention will represent a considerable multiple ofthe carrying-capacity offen aeroplane equipped with ajslit-wing-ovf-Qne or the otherof the known constructions.

If it is deemed necessarytoiprovidefagailist any emergencies the leverQO can be extended downwardly 'to `be brought-into ereaeh'jof the pilot. -rTo prevent ,any v,leakage ofvair at 4:the movable connection between' thel'inlet hannelsand ythe distributionffchannels ith@ .free ends of the flatter are provided with. va `:se'oolpshaped' member each `finto mhi'cha correspondingly shaped memberZG of lthe.;cerreV spending inlet-channely lits. r4The contacting faces of bothmembers are'to thisendfshapd tothe samearc of la circleih centreg'if which coincides with that of @thefsha'fty 1 9. QnJthe underside of the head-.member ofthe fframe'fl a shaft `vis varranged -in `*close -proximityfito theshaft 19and to it is secured ataboutfthe deepest part of each distributionchanriel". 10 a `flapf28 adapted to reduce the free'crosssectional area ofsaid inlet-channels .18 at will or shut it off altogether. Thisis necessary to reduce the buoyancy ofthe aeroplanerduring the latter part of a landing iljightinv orderto quickly reduce ithe velocity -oflthenaeroplane. Said f lapstwill be :fully openedagain at a certain height.v over .the landing-.place lto prevent the formationof.-,whirls on thetoplayer which otherwise would `tend toxlet :the machine come down to the ground with a hard thud. 'The simultaneous. l operation Lof s'aid: fiaps is executed bymeans of a leven-29 se# cured to said shaft 27 to which lever initurn a rod `3() is linkedandextended `downward to the pilot-Seat, not shown."` v

To obtain thel desired increase in the buoyl ancy of the aeroplane the improved wing operates as follow j Since the free ends ofthe'inlet-channels 18 move always in advance of the wave of air created by the frontal edge of the wing when the aeroplane urges its way through theair, and since further these inlet-channels always take up a horizontal position the edges of their `thin walls offer little or hardly any resistance, and the air is thus'enabled to pass in itsnatural state through said inlet-channels 17 and the distribution channels 1Q into the distribution chamber 9; Y Once arrived herein it spreads from said channels 10 laterally throughout. the entire'length of thedistribution chamber and is kept under compression therein by the uninterrupted new supply of air, which compression ofcourse varies in accordance with the velocity ofthe aeroplane. The compressed air is thus compelled to escape through the longitudinalslots 8 and is therebythrown upward against the dellectors 15 arranged at a certain distance above the slots 8, which deflectors not only divide the streams of air pressed upward but also bring the streamlets branched olf thereby toa collision Lwith each other to form a multitude of powerful air-whirls, The same result would of course be obtained when fory instance the deflectors proper were formed by a separate rod of a cross-section similar to an an-v` gle-iron to one flange of which thev curved jalousie blade might be secured. The powerful whirls created by the' collision of the defiected streamlets of air must advance toward the outlet slots 17 with a velocity greater than that of the external air which flows over the exposed parts of the jalousie bladesI 14 in order to energically take it along with them to rarefy the air on the top-layer of the wing and thus increase the under-pressure. Besides this the accelerated transmission of the air-whirls into the atmosphere is a dire necessity to avoid that the air in the distributionchamber 9 an'd in the inlet-channels 18 is compressed to such a degree that the external air is turned aside by the chocked inlet-chainber instead of being permitted to flow freely through them. Until said air-whirls advance from the point of collision to the outlet slots 17 they exert a strong pressure on said jalousie blades and in turn are led by the latter until they pass with a considerable velocity through said outlet-slots. It is of great iinportance thaton leaving said outlet-slots the air-whirls not simply pass tangentially over the exposed part of the next following jalousie blade but strike against it under an angle sufficiently great to scour it to remove any external air therefrom, which when not removed, will favour the formation of whirls in stagnant air so detrimental to the increase of the bouyancy of the aeroplane, as is well known. By means of the greater overpressure and a greater underpressure thus gained a greater buoyaney as hitherto is obtained and inconsequence-jthereof the carrying-ca-` pacity of the aeroplane is increased accordingly. jg

The deflectors 1&5, or similar structures adapted to create paverful whirls, as well as the jalousie bladesl may also be employed on aeroplane-wings. in `which the air enters into slits or orilices'mat the underside of the wing and passes upward therethrough, but the actions of both fnieans'would in this case be considerably sni'aller onaccount of the smallerair pre'ssure` Y 1. An laeroplane-wing comprising a slotted frame, a bottom-layer attached to said frame to forni a distributijenchamber, a top-layer composed of j alousieblades arranged on said frame, and means liter introducing from the frontal edge of the wing air into said distribution-chamb'er. 'fil j Q. An aeroplane-wing comprising aslotted frame, a-vbottom-lajier attached to said frame to form a distribution-chamber, a top-layer composed of a plunality of jalousie blades arranged on the upper face of said frame, and inlet-channels vadjustably attached to the frontal edge of.v thfef wing for introducing air into said distribution-chamber'` 3. An aeroplane-wing comprisingv a plane longitudinally slgtted frame, a bottom-layer attached to thelundersidei of said frame to form a distribrution-chamber, a top-layer composed ofA curved jalousie blades arranged on the upper lface Aof said frame, and yinletchannels hinged'to the frontal edge of the wing for intrdducing air into said'distribution-chamber 4. An aero jlane-wing comprising a frame provided wth longitudinal slots formed by the opposinf"` edges of hollow members of said framewa bottom-layer attached to said frame to vfr nni a distribntion-chainber, distribution-channels arranged in said bottomlayer, a topllayer composed of curved jalousie blades arranged on the upper face of said frame each separated at its rearward end by discharge slot from the adjacent blade, a plurality of inlet-channels adjustably hingedtothe frontal edge ef the wing and communicating through said ydistributionchannels Jvwith said distribution-chamber and means-for adjusting said inlet-channels simultaneously. f

ffAn aeroplane-wing comprising a frame consisting of a head member, a tail member and an intermediate 4part composed of hollow slabs'arranged to form longitudinal slots between them; a bottom-layer attached to the underside of said frameto form a distribution-chamber, a plurality of distributionchannels arranged in said bottom-layer, cross-beams arranged on said hollow slabs7 supports provided on said cross-beams in line with said longitudinal slots, a top-layer comal o P.oaa .ilo. fy aafaadaialouaiobladoaamaagad )oa said mafowiah;ihainon-yea-aid mail d' andapafoyidad- .aio air Tiiiiiarff aadadelecting means secured to said s'pportsn ql arcata .diaollaagalalsf far. tha onifl.@willalair, a .nlity ialaifohaiiaola lad-iaataby vlaiii'gad- :to alla faoiital adga o il tliooaiaggaiiol moana @for adaaaiiiig Said ialaoallaiiaalsfaiwfmailiaiiooualyi l Aaiaoroplaaofwialg .Comp-rising a fraaie ooaiSiating-of-.a haadmombai, ia; aa" ,a bar and a longitudinally Slottedntoxraadaaio part; ay bottom-layer attached to` ighenndei- 1,5- .SidoaofY-Said; .frame ,to o form a zdiairibaiioni i qhamberqdiminshing in dan@towardlha raarfanplaraliiy ofidistribution-diamo@.ar-

raagad? iaaaid bottomlayed'.oroSa-baamalQ11 Said .Slotted .ialiarmodiato parmi Said. immo, l.

2o Supporta-arraiigodonl-aaid'loaosaflooama-Yoriically over said longitudinal sl0t`s`,a Ataplagfer oompoaad of pluaaliiy oi` foga-Wod jalousie blades nrovidodf'at. ltheir .ina-ar onda l Willi a laiaralfmamborfinzifooiabiiaiioiiwith -Wlifiaii L 25 ,they lfoim-dolibla-:wiagoddoflaotora iliaalajarp A oantraLidges ,of which aialholdlby Said Sup." Pariaat alconvanianidistano@ oval` lha oo ri- 11mlv veytial plainfof, said lgngtudinalgslots .3o zliold.aparo..oaa;iromHanOthaP-byfdiaiaaoopioaaaf.looioaia-idisolaalgo-:Slotsf.of.aioaloi .A ,widthzthanathatof@thelongtudnalfalotsof f, QL said eframa a Plaraliiylof inlet-channels ad- A iastably. liingod lo. the faoatal @daal-ofv who m Wing-infifagiotar'with. Said diStribaiorh-,ahaiiosd `Apo `inalayaridIiiaaias-aioradjuStiiagSaidziiiloi liaiaw` Y, u lall, nalaloftaka .uplahoriaontal position ara# spectve of the changes in the uprwangl downward maya-maximal alla. airaifaiiy1ak ahamliaoadiminisliingaimdapih low-lard.y Itho I ,14p

r5.5 -v withdaublefwlngorldafaotoialada

Images