US1578923A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

March 30 1926.

Y 15u92@ G. A. SCHLOTTER l TURBINE Filed Nov. 12, 1921 sheewshet 1 l i.March 30 1926.Y

G. A. scHLoTTER TURBINE:l

Filed Nov. 1 2 1921 tt' "gigi g f z 2 Sheeets--Sheawetv 2 Patented -Mlu 30, 1926.` .A

@nous ARTHUR soHLjoT'rnR, 0;? DRESDEN, GERMANY.

Application' inea 'No'eiabpij 1a, y1921. 'serial uo.v 514,741; f f

Tov QZZwLOm it may concern Be it known that I, Grnoic ARTHUR Sciiriorrinn, a snbjectfo the Republic of Saxony, German Republic, andfresident of I Dresden, Republic of Saxony, German Republic, have linvented ka new and useful Improvement in Turbines, of Awhich' the followingis aspeciiication.

This invention relates to turbines andy l more particularly to a turbine arrangement adapted to be acted upon both by suction and by a fluid under pressure. l

Y The apparatus necessary for utilizing currents without any loss has heretofore generallybeen arranged in suchV a manner that the impulsive force or thrust resulting fromfthe speed vof .the currents was used .for

the .transformation of energy, ,simultaneous-y ly'avoiding as much as possible any formaof vena contracta vform and exhaust slotsl arranged around the casing in the rea-roi" 3 outside the easing,v t Relatively e to Ythe said known l, arrange- Aments. oiy apparatus, turbines Vconstructed and arranged accordingto the present yinvention are better adaptedto utilize bot-h the impulsive force' of the currents and also their suction power and the current energy v produced b `the formation oli eddies.

il In the ollowing description, the .term

current stemming devicel means a body so formed ,that the eect of a uid current 1in-.

pinging upon the rsame, or of thev impact from, the irst mentioned part to the secondtv mentioned part ot' the body over or around the outer wall of the body at a velocity 5" higher than the average velocity of thetluid An air-current axial ow'turbine hasalso the turbine and adapted to,y utilize the en#V training action of the air current flowing'. y v y fallingover the'enlarged edge of each an-1..v

of the bodyl moving .through a 'motionless or through motionles'sl-uid medium.

Fol'1 the 'present purpose,` with'this l.' f

provedy kindof turbine construction, casings are necessaryv which are adapted to Jfreely permit the formation of eddies either as a,

suction-apparatus eras-a currenustemming AnV apparatus of thev kind mentioned and arranged a suction andcurrent-stemming devicel in itsmost suitable shape is a ,body oi the streamfline type, the shapelof which has beenfound by experiment, andaccorcb ing vto the present state ofthe art 'ofistream-l line7 construction. such'ay body isfarranged vvith its spherical head directedtowards they beendelined as'a, body ot',J smallest ance ora stream-linefbody??.

current flowing so ,as to olrer the smallest The formation of a `'stream-line body the manner described '.above isdesigned to` utilize,"k as a working lmedium",vtheezrterior currents which are,4 "stemmed sofas to lpro4y duce 'fa 4compression or pressure m ro'ntof the head-part and thence circulate'v around thebodywith i'ncreasedspeed, in such a.

manner that said mediumac'ts with suction elect on they interior chamber of the hollow body, owingv tothe said pressure suddenly nular ,nozzle-discharge" aperture and ;thus'" forming eddies,l` yInthis manner, afportion of the externalftluid mediuimV orf' other 4gases and liquidsyis orf aree-dravvnfby suction` through thefinterior fot the casing, and a steady current is 'thus prod-needv within the y interior ofthe apparatus arev arranged in the fspheric'alor` elliptical headpiece and, Vaccordingy to its kuse and purpose in view, may be arranged laterally or `'at the middle, party in the direction ofthe longitudinal ,aXis,\ said vapertures also being nozzle shape'd'with-f their smaller diameter directed towards the ,v

interior chamber oiffthe apparatus. It `one nozzle is'arrangedin the central part or the head co-aXial with vthejlongitudinal axis 'ofV the casing, .it is preferable to yarrangey it in such'ak manner that its admission Yarea is j not larger than the half of the largest crossv sectional area 'of-the head. In thismanner,`

" f shape.

the apparatus, especially in vthe case of large dimensions, a .polygonal shape may be adopted instead of the circular shape described above. v v

Apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention isy illustrated in the accompanying drawings,"in which- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectionalv view of ya casing of a stream-line form for a turbine arrangement constructed according Vto the invention.

Fig. la is a ydetail longitudinal section of a modified form of head piece.

Fig. 2 vis a plan view as seen from the under side of the casing shown in Fig. l.

Fig.A 3 is a transverse section taken on the line A B of'Fig. l. Y v

Fig. Alis a transverse sectional view of an octagonal casing.

Figf is a longitudinal sectional view of` a turbine mounted in a casing of the kind shown in Fig. l.

rig. efr-eb is a longitudinal Section inus-` trating another modified form of turbine arrangement. n

Referring to Figs. l to 4;, the curved line a--.a represents the fundamental form of a body offering the least resistance. The body forming the turbine casing consistsV of the head-piece 7c and the terminal points s. The head-piecek k asshown in Figs. and 2 isof spherical shape, while Fig. la represents adetail section of a head-piece of' elliptical Between the head-piece 7c and the terminal point s rings r, projecting one into another,

are arranged,V of which 'the' ring situatedy nearest to the head-piece is rigidly connected with the latter inrsuch a manner that on adjusting the terminal point s movably supportedk within the turbine casing,V the annularspace existing between the last ringand the last ring'but one can be changed or altered-` The rings 1' which are shown as being inserted one into another to an extent shown at c are provided with enlargementsV situated ony the outer edges of saidrings andgradually increasing towards the point s, thus forming the annular nozzle chambers gradually increase in length towards the point s and are not reduced in section by the said enlargements. The thickened parts i, Fig. l) at the inner` edges of the rings 7' are directed towards the axis of the apparatus. The head-piece, the rings and the point are connected together by the main longitudinal ribs p so as to; forni` a complete body. Y l Y The apparatusis preferably provided with a pillaror post t of oval shape adapted to the shape of the streamline body and can be turned around with said body to adjust its longitudinal axis into the direction-of the currents. Said pillar or post t can yalso serve as aV lateral admission opening for drawing in other gases and liquids by suction as mentioned above. n. kFor this purpose,

the head-piece must be closed in the direction of the longitudinal axis, as represented by the vspherical periphery shown by the; pointed line e on .the right sidey dotted and of Fig. 1. u is an axialnozzle through which the working medium is admitted and which is represented in Fig. l with the most effective diameter for the currents.

If it is intended to use the apparatus de-f scribed for the utilization of the current energy of the medium'or liquid surround-l. ing it and to advantageously profit by the' junction with the pressure of ythe external fluid current will impart to the liquid current entering the hollow chamber `.of the casing avelocityvcorresponding to the difference of pressure, the energy of which is utilized by thev turbine wheel arranged in the rear'of the nozzle.

Referring to Fig. 5V of the drawings, '0L is the turbine wheel used for the utiliza- -ion of the energy and arranged inthe inner chamber of the suction casing 7c, said wheely being rotated or driven by the fluidcurrent entering through the nozzle u. The energy kobtained can be transmitted 'to other machines or apparatus by the dynamo m coupled with the turbine wheel on a com-V mon shaft.y p

The utilization of eddy currents'by turbine wheels is only possible in the casel of annular eddies which are produced in the rear of each obstruction placed or inserted in the path of a current. But said obstruction must, according t'o the purpose aimed at, be of a circular or polygonal shape so as to form atA its rear surface annular eddies.

Fig. l--t'b represents in longitudinal section this duplex turbine arrangement together with the complete apparatus.v In this arrangement the turbine n, shown in Fig. 6a on the left, ismounted within the interior of the suction body k for the currents entering through the nozzle u of the head-piece under the suction action of the utilization of the external cddy currents.` The Aend ofy :the

p casing is so shaped that-*a discl'iai'g'e-part is formed 'with `a circular bent-up part 'jde signed to deflect and stem the fluidcircu lating around the casingy forA the Vpurpose of providing the eddiesfor the eddy-cuiy rent-turbine., I;

v The currentof the-annular eddy formedy in this arrangement and ensured against unstable equilibriumA byltlie centi'ial'.a nnii lar` roll .e and the point of the centre piece h is utilized by the turbine nl arranged outside of the casing 7c, as shown in Fig.l Gb` of the current by the connection ofy said wheel with the suction chamber.

This modified arrangement also is shown in Fig. Gb in connection with ene-half of the whirl-turbine. al w1, iS the crown for ythe utilization of the eddy energy, whereas the wheel-crown al s1 mountednearer the yshaftenahles the suction energy to' be utilized in the same manner as the Lfor-ward CTI interior turbine n.

Both turbinescaii, for the purpose of a mutual control of thek speed of the rotarylV` movement and of a simple power-trans mission, be advantageously connected with the dynamo m by a common shaft y, as shown. i

The complete apparatus is supported on a rotatably arranged post t' and held ina position co-aXial with the suctionnozzle u and with the eddyiiig outer currents.

What I claim is:

'1. In a turbine arranged as suction and fluid current stemming apparatus, the coinbination with rings. arranged one within another, of annular chambers each of which is situated between two, adjacent'rings and which Vare outwardly directed with their smallest openings in' the shape of nozzles by a decrease of the diameters ofthe separate rings towards the point of ytheturbine, said rings increasing in section to.-v

wards the point mentioned. y

2. In a turbine arranged as suction and fluid current stemming apparatus, the combination with rings arranged one within another, of annular chambers each of which is situated between two adjacent rings and which are outwardly directedwith their smallest openings in the shape of nozzles by a decrease ofthe diameters of the separate rings arranged one within another towards the point of the turbine, said rings increas`- ing in section towards the point mentioned.V

3. In a turbine arranged as suction and fluidcurrent stemming apparatus, the com-` bination with rings arranged one within another, of annular chambers each of which *is situatcdfbetweenftwo adjacent rings'fand which arewoutward'ly 'directed with Atheir yided onftheir-.inner edges with thickened' i 'pants 'inwardly f inclinedl towards vthe `shaft of the turbine and tapering outwardly, and

on their outer edges with'enlargementsincreasing 1l. In a: turbine arranged as suction andv fluid currentv stemming. apparatus, the combination with rings arranged one within in `section towards the point of the y Y turbine. V f

The wheel of the eddy turbine'can adev 80rd another, ofV annular chambers each of which is situated between twoadjacent rings and which are outwardly` directed with their by a decrease of the diameters ofthe separate rings arranged 'one within anotherto;

provided .on their inner edges with thickened .smallest openings inthe shape of nozzles partsinwardlyvinclined towards the shaft of the turbine and-tapering outwardly, and on their outer edges with enlargements iincreasing in section towards the point ofv the turbine, which point is adjustable withthe adjacent ring. y v

, 5.. In a'turbine arranged as suction and bination with lrings arranged within one another, of annular chambers each of which is situated between two adjacent rings and which are youtwardly directed with their smallest openings'Y in the shape of nozzles by a decrease of the. diameters of the separate rings arranged one within :another to- `wards the point of the turbine, said rings simultaneously increasing in section towards the point of theturbine andbeing provided on their inner edges with thickened parts inwardly inclined towards they shaft Yof the turbine and tapering outwardly, and

on theirouter edges lwith enlargements in-v creasingfin section towards the point of the` turbine,of an adjustable ring situated towards the point and a turbine wheel `ar'.

ranged within the turbinefcasing.'

6.A In a turbine arranged as'suction and Vfluid current stemming apparatus, the coinlbination with rings arranged within one another, of annular chambers each of which issituated between two adjacent ringsand' which are outwardly directed. with their smallest openings in the shape of nozzles by a decrease of the. diameters of the separate rings arranged one within another `tov wards the point of `the turbine, said rings Asimultaneously increasing vin section` towards the point of the turbine and being fluid currentlstemming apparatus, the'com- *100 providedon their inner edges ywith thickened parts inwardly inclined towards .the

, shaft of the turbine and tapering out-y Wardly, and on v,their outer edges with enlargements increasing` in section towards thel cularbent portion for the regulation of the *'10 iiozz1e-shaped openings', land tivo'turbine- Wheels connected Within the common casing formed by the outer turbine, the said cas'- ing serving simultaneously tov produce a suction for the interior turbine-Wheel and as an eddy producing means for the exterior turbine-Wheel.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed ymy name.

GEORG. ARTHUR SGHLOTTER. o

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