DE19606771A1 - Hybrid drive for automobile - Google Patents

Hybrid drive for automobile

Info

Publication number
DE19606771A1
DE19606771A1 DE19606771A DE19606771A DE19606771A1 DE 19606771 A1 DE19606771 A1 DE 19606771A1 DE 19606771 A DE19606771 A DE 19606771A DE 19606771 A DE19606771 A DE 19606771A DE 19606771 A1 DE19606771 A1 DE 19606771A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gear
superposition
clutch
transmission
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19606771A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE19606771C2 (en
Inventor
Jens Schmaler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority to DE19606771A priority Critical patent/DE19606771C2/en
Publication of DE19606771A1 publication Critical patent/DE19606771A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE19606771C2 publication Critical patent/DE19606771C2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/26Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, of type of freewheel device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2012Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with four sets of orbital gears
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

The hybrid drive has an i.c. engine coupled via a freewheel coupling to a continuously variable transmission with electrical machines (3,4) and a planetary gearing (5,6). The electrical machines act as a combined electric motor or generator in dependence on the operating parameters and are coupled to one another and to an electric battery. A 2-stage gearing (16) is provided between the reaction shaft (9) on the output side of the electrical machine set and the planetary gearing, controlled by 2 switched couplings (17,18), for connection to alternate output shafts of the 2- stage gearing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, umfassend eine Brennkraftmaschine und ein mit dieser über eine Kupplung (Freilauf) verbundenes aus Elektromaschinen und einem Überlagerungsgetriebe (Planetengetriebe) kombiniertes stufenloses Getriebe, dessen in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebspunkt als Generator oder Motor wirkende Elektromaschinen über eine Steuerung und elektrisch miteinander und mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (Batterie) in Verbindung stehen, wobei eine der Elektromaschinen mit einer Reak­ tionswelle und die andere, im Motorbetrieb eine Zusatzleistung abgebende und im Generatorbetrieb der Energierückgewinnung dienende Elektromaschine mit einer der übrigen beiden Wellen (Eingangswelle, Abtriebswelle) des Überlagerungs­ getriebes in Antriebsverbindung steht, und wobei die mit den Elektromaschinen in Antriebsverbindung stehenden Wellen (Reaktionswelle und Eingangswelle) des Überlagerungsgetriebes mittels einer ansteuerbaren Überbrückungskupplung dreh­ fest verbindbar sind derart, daß sämtliche Elektromaschinen über das verblockte Überlagerungsgetriebe einen gemeinsamen Antriebsmotor oder einen gemeinsamen Generator bilden.The invention relates to a hybrid drive, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising an internal combustion engine and one with this via a clutch (Freewheel) connected from electrical machines and a superposition gear (Planetary gear) combined continuously variable transmission, which depending on Operating point as a generator or motor electrical machines over a Control and electrical with each other and with an electrical energy storage (Battery) are connected, one of the electrical machines with a Reak tion wave and the other, in the engine operation giving an additional service and in Generator operation of the energy recovery serving electric machine with one the other two shafts (input shaft, output shaft) of the superposition Transmission is in drive connection, and which with the electrical machines in Drive connection standing shafts (reaction shaft and input shaft) of the Rotation superposition gear by means of a controllable lock-up clutch are firmly connectable in such a way that all electrical machines are blocked Superposition gear a common drive motor or a common Form generator.

Ein derartiger Hybridantrieb ist in der DE 41 24 479 A1 beschrieben, auf deren Offenbarung ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird. Das bei diesem bekannten Hybridantrieb verwendete Getriebe verfügt theoretisch über eine unendlich große Spreizung, so daß es ohne zusätzliches Anfahrelement (Rutschkupplung, hydro­ dynamischer Wandler) in einem mit einer Brennkraftmaschine angetriebenen Kraft­ fahrzeug eingesetzt werden kann. Im normalen Fahrbetrieb mit der Brennkraft­ maschine wird das Drehmoment der Eingangswelle, das heißt der Welle der Brenn­ kraftmaschine mit dem Drehmoment der mit der Reaktionswelle in Antriebsverbin­ dung stehenden Elektromaschine überlagert. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, daß das überlagerte Drehmoment bei bestimmten Betriebszuständen zu klein sein kann, um die Reaktionswelle des Überlagerungsgetriebes abzustützen. Ein weiterer Nachteil dieses bekannten Hybridantriebs besteht darin, daß Elektromaschinen gegenüber mechanischen Getrieben einen schlechten Wirkungsgrad haben. Der Anteil der elektrisch übertragenen Leistung und damit die Getriebeverluste sind in diesem Ge­ triebe in vielen Betriebspunkten so hoch, daß der Gesamtwirkungsgrad gegenüber einem herkömmlichen Antriebsstrang nicht verbessert werden kann. Der Kraftstoff­ verbrauch steigt eher noch an. Aus Gründen des begrenzten Bauraumes und des Gewichtes können in Personenkraftwagen auch nur Elektromaschinen mit sehr begrenzten Maximalmomenten und Maximalleistungen eingesetzt werden, was zu Problemen für die Anwendung dieses Getriebes in Fahrzeugen mit höherer Motori­ sierung führt. Es müssen geringere Fahrleistungen als mit einem rein mechanischen Getriebe hingenommen werden. Außerdem begrenzen die Kennwerte der Elektro­ maschinen die nutzbare Getriebespreizung.Such a hybrid drive is described in DE 41 24 479 A1 the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. That with this well-known The hybrid drive used in theory has an infinitely large one Spreading so that there is no additional starting element (slip clutch, hydro dynamic converter) in a force driven by an internal combustion engine vehicle can be used. In normal driving with the internal combustion engine machine is the torque of the input shaft, i.e. the shaft of the focal Engine with the torque of the reaction shaft in drive connection standing electrical machine superimposed. But it has been shown that the superimposed torque may be too small in certain operating conditions  to support the reaction shaft of the superposition gear. Another disadvantage this known hybrid drive is that electric machines opposite mechanical gearboxes have poor efficiency. The share of electrically transmitted power and thus the transmission losses are in this ge drives so high in many operating points that the overall efficiency compared a conventional powertrain cannot be improved. The fuel consumption tends to increase. Because of the limited space and Weight can only be used in passenger cars with electrical machines limited maximum moments and maximum powers are used, leading to Problems when using this gearbox in vehicles with higher engines sation leads. It must have lower mileage than with a purely mechanical Gears are accepted. In addition, the characteristics of the electric limit machines the usable gear spread.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Hybrid­ antrieb dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die nutzbare Getriebespreizung vergrößert und die übertragene elektrische Leistung verringert wird.The invention has for its object the generic hybrid Improve drive in such a way that the usable transmission spread increases and the transmitted electrical power is reduced.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Patentanspruch 1 angegeben.The solution to this problem is specified in claim 1.

Durch die Anordnung eines zwischen der Reaktionswelle und dem Überlage­ rungsgetriebe angeordneten zweistufigen Übersetzungsgetriebes ist es möglich, durch entsprechende Untersetzung der Drehzahl der zugeordneten Elektromaschine deren Drehmoment zu vervielfachen, so daß in allen Betriebszuständen ein ausrei­ chendes Drehmoment auf die Hohlräder der Überlagerungsgetriebe ausgeübt werden kann. Die Unterteilung des Überlagerungsgetriebes in ein erstes und ein zweites Überlagerungsgetriebe unterschiedlicher Übersetzung ermöglicht eine Ver­ größerung der nutzbaren Getriebespreizung und eine Verringerung der elektrisch übertragenen Leistung. Der erfindungsgemäße Hybridantrieb ermöglicht daher eine Steigerung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades und eine Verringerung des Kraftstoffver­ brauchs.By placing one between the reaction shaft and the overlay arranged two-stage transmission gear, it is possible by correspondingly reducing the speed of the assigned electric machine multiply their torque, so that in all operating states a sufficient appropriate torque exerted on the ring gears of the superposition gears can be. The subdivision of the superposition gear into a first and a second superposition gear with different ratios allows a Ver increasing the usable transmission spread and reducing the electric transferred power. The hybrid drive according to the invention therefore enables Increasing overall efficiency and reducing fuel consumption need.

Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unter­ ansprüchen.Appropriate developments of the invention result from the sub claims.

Einige bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden nachfolgend näher erläutert. Es zeigt: Some preferred embodiments of the invention are in the drawing shown and are explained in more detail below. It shows:  

Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Hybridantriebs gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a hybrid drive according to a first embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 eine Darstellung ähnlich wie Fig. 1, die aber eine zweite Ausführungs­ form der Erfindung zeigt, und Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing a second embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 3 eine Darstellung ähnlich wie Fig. 1, die aber eine dritte Ausführungs­ form der Erfindung zeigt. Fig. 3 is a representation similar to Fig. 1, but showing a third embodiment of the invention.

Ein Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug umfaßt eine (nicht gezeigte) Brenn­ kraftmaschine und ein über eine Kupplung - Freilauf 2 - mit deren Abtriebswelle - Motorwelle 1 - verbundenes, aus Elektromaschinen 3, 4 und einem dreiwelligen Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 kombiniertes stufenloses Getriebe. Die in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebspunkt als Generator oder als Motor wirkenden Elektromaschinen 3, 4 stehen über eine Steuereinrichtung 7 untereinander und mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher 8 in Verbindung. Ähnlich wie bei dem Hybridantrieb nach der ein­ gangs erwähnten DE 41 24 479 A1 steht eine der Elektromaschinen 3 mit einer Reaktionswelle 9 in Antriebsverbindung, und die andere Elektromaschine 4, die im Motorbetrieb eine Zusatzleistung abgibt und im Generatorbetrieb der Energierück­ gewinnung dient, steht mit der Eingangswelle 10 des Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 in Antriebsverbindung. Um einen von der (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine geson­ derten verlustarmen und leistungsstarken Elektroantrieb zu erzielen, sind die mit den Elektromaschinen 3 und 4 in Antriebsverbindung stehenden Wellen, nämlich die Reaktionswelle 9 und die Eingangswelle 10 des Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 mittels einer ansteuerbaren Überbrückungskupplung 11 drehfest derart verbindbar, daß bei gelöster brennkraftmaschinenseitiger Kupplung - Freilauf 2 - sämtliche Elektro­ maschinen 3, 4 über das verblockte Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 einen gesonderten Antriebsmotor bilden.A hybrid drive for a motor vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine (not shown) and a clutch - freewheel 2 - with its output shaft - motor shaft 1 - connected, from electric machines 3 , 4 and a three-shaft superposition gear 5 , 6 combined continuously variable transmission. The electrical machines 3 , 4 , which act as a generator or as a motor depending on the operating point, are connected to one another and to an electrical energy store 8 via a control device 7 . Similar to the hybrid drive according to DE 41 24 479 A1 mentioned at the outset, one of the electric machines 3 is in drive connection with a reaction shaft 9 , and the other electric machine 4 , which delivers an additional power in motor operation and is used for energy recovery in generator operation, is connected to the Input shaft 10 of the superposition gear 5 , 6 in drive connection. In order to achieve a low-loss and powerful electric drive (not shown) of the internal combustion engine, the shafts which are in drive connection with the electric machines 3 and 4 , namely the reaction shaft 9 and the input shaft 10 of the superposition gear 5 , 6 are rotatably fixed by means of a controllable lockup clutch 11 can be connected such that when the clutch on the internal combustion engine is released - freewheel 2 - all electric machines 3 , 4 form a separate drive motor via the interlocking superposition gear 5 , 6 .

Auf der mit der Abtriebswelle 12 des Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 fluchtenden Eingangswelle 10 ist ein Anker 13 der Elektromaschine 4 drehfest angeordnet, wo­ bei die Eingangswelle 10 zusätzlich den antriebsseitigen Teil 14 der mit dem Über­ lagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 in Antriebsverbindung stehenden ansteuerbaren Über­ brückungskupplung 11 trägt. Schließlich ist die Eingangswelle 10 über einen Freilauf 2 mit der Motorwelle 1 der (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine kuppelbar.On the input shaft 10, which is aligned with the output shaft 12 of the superposition gear 5 , 6 , an armature 13 of the electric machine 4 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, where the input shaft 10 also carries the drive-side part 14 of the controllable lockup clutch 11, which is in drive connection with the superposition gear 5 , 6 . Finally, the input shaft 10 can be coupled to the motor shaft 1 of the internal combustion engine (not shown) via a freewheel 2 .

Das Überlagerungsgetriebe umfaßt ein als Planetengetriebe ausgebildetes erstes Überlagerungsgetriebe 5 und ein zweites Überlagerungsgetriebe 6. Im Über­ lagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 wird das Moment der Eingangswelle 10 mit dem Moment der Elektromaschine 3 überlagert. Zur Erhöhung des am Hohlrad 15 des ersten Über­ lagerungsgetriebes 5 möglichen Momentes befindet sich zwischen der Elektro­ maschine 3 und diesem Hohlrad 15 ein Übersetzungsgetriebe 16, welches mit einer ersten Schaltkupplung 17 aktiviert und mit einer zweiten Schaltkupplung 18 über­ brückt werden kann, wobei mit der Überbrückung des Übersetzungsgetriebes 16 gleichzeitig das zweite Überlagerungsgetriebe 6 aktiviert und das erste Überlage­ rungsgetriebe 5 aus dem Leistungsfluß entfernt wird. Das Umschalten zwischen den beiden Schaltkupplungen 17, 18 kann ohne Drehzahldifferenz in den Kupplungen erfolgen.The superposition gear comprises a first superimposition gear 5 designed as a planetary gear and a second superposition gear 6 . In the transmission gear 5 , 6 , the moment of the input shaft 10 is superimposed with the moment of the electric machine 3 . To increase the possible on the ring gear 15 of the first transmission gear 5 there is a transmission 16 between the electric machine 3 and this ring gear 15 , which can be activated with a first clutch 17 and can be bridged with a second clutch 18, with the bypass the transmission gear 16 simultaneously activates the second superposition gear 6 and the first superposition gear 5 is removed from the power flow. Switching between the two clutches 17 , 18 can take place without a speed difference in the clutches.

Bei vorgegebener Drehzahl der Eingangswelle 10 kann durch Steuerung der Elektromaschine 3 bzw. beider Elektromaschinen 3, 4 die Drehzahl der Abtriebs­ welle 12 von einem negativen Wert über den 0-Punkt bis zu einer Maximaldrehzahl und damit einer entsprechenden Maximalgeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeuges stu­ fenlos verstellt werden. Die beiden Elektromaschinen 3 und 4 können so geschaltet werden, daß jeweils eine den Energiebedarf der anderen deckt. Bei Realisierung eines Hybridantriebes kann zusätzlich Energie aus dem Energiespeicher 8 entnom­ men oder an diesen abgegeben werden.At a predetermined speed of the input shaft 10 , the speed of the output shaft 12 can be continuously adjusted from a negative value via the 0 point to a maximum speed and thus a corresponding maximum speed of the motor vehicle by controlling the electric machine 3 or both electric machines 3 , 4 . The two electric machines 3 and 4 can be switched so that one covers the energy requirements of the other. When implementing a hybrid drive, additional energy can be taken from the energy store 8 or given to it.

Mit der Überbrückungskupplung 11 wird das Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 ver­ blockt. Bei geschlossener Überbrückungskupplung 11 wird die Antriebsleistung rein mechanisch zur Abtriebswelle 12 übertragen, und eine Veränderung der Drehzahl der Abtriebswelle 12 ist nur noch durch eine Änderung der Drehzahl der Eingangs­ welle 10 möglich.With the lock-up clutch 11 , the superposition gear 5 , 6 is blocked ver. When the lock-up clutch 11 is closed, the drive power is transmitted purely mechanically to the output shaft 12 , and a change in the speed of the output shaft 12 is only possible by changing the speed of the input shaft 10 .

Mit dem Getriebe ist es möglich ein Kraftfahrzeug elektrisch abzubremsen. In einem Hybridfahrzeug kann diese Bremsenergie von dem Energiespeicher 8 aufge­ nommen werden.With the transmission, it is possible to brake a motor vehicle electrically. In a hybrid vehicle, this braking energy can be taken up by the energy store 8 .

Mit diesem Getriebe kann ein elektrischer Antrieb realisiert werden. Zu die­ sem Zweck wird die Eingangswelle 10 durch den Freilauf 2 von der Motorwelle 1 der (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine getrennt. Die Überbrückungskupplung 11 kann geschlossen werden, und die beiden Elektromaschinen 3 und 4 können gemeinsam den Antrieb des Fahrzeuges übernehmen.An electric drive can be realized with this gear. For this purpose, the input shaft 10 is separated by the freewheel 2 from the motor shaft 1 of the internal combustion engine (not shown). The lock-up clutch 11 can be closed and the two electric machines 3 and 4 can jointly take over the drive of the vehicle.

Die Eingangswelle 10 ist mit dem Sonnenrad 19 des Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 verbunden. Die beiden Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 entstehen durch die Ver­ wendung von Stufenplaneten 21, 22 und zwei Hohlrädern 15, 23. Je nach dem, welche der beiden Schaftkupplungen 17, 18 geschlossen ist, befindet sich jeweils eines der Hohlräder 15, 23 im Leistungsfluß.The input shaft 10 is connected to the sun gear 19 of the superposition gear 5 , 6 . The two superposition gears 5 , 6 arise through the use of stepped planet 21 , 22 and two ring gears 15 , 23 . Depending on which of the two shaft clutches 17 , 18 is closed, one of the ring gears 15 , 23 is in the power flow.

Das Hohlrad 15 des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes 5 ist über das Überset­ zungsgetriebe 16 und die erste Schaltkupplung 17 mit der Elektromaschine 3 ver­ bunden. Das Hohlrad 23 des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes 6 ist über die zweite Schaltkupplung 18 direkt mit der Elektromaschine 3 verbunden. Der Steg 26 des ersten bzw. zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 ist mit der Abtriebswelle 12 fest verbunden.The ring gear 15 of the first superposition gear 5 is connected via the transmission gear 16 and the first clutch 17 to the electric machine 3 . The ring gear 23 of the second superposition gear 6 is connected directly to the electric machine 3 via the second clutch 18 . The web 26 of the first or second superposition gear 5 , 6 is fixedly connected to the output shaft 12 .

Dieses Getriebe kommt ohne zusätzliches Anfahrorgan aus, es ist ein unend­ lich, stufenlos übersetzendes Getriebe. Im unteren Geschwindigkeitsbereich und für Rückwärtsfahrt wird das Übersetzungsgetriebe 16 in Verbindung mit dem ersten Überlagerungsgetriebe 5 benutzt. Durch die Übersetzung des Momentes der Elektromaschine 3 steht am Hohlrad 15 des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes 5 dabei ein hohes Moment zur Verfügung, was auch ein hohes Moment an der Abtriebswelle 12 ermöglicht. Durch das negative Übersetzungsverhältnis des Übersetzungs­ getriebes 16 kommt es bei steigender Drehzahl der Abtriebswelle 12 bei einem be­ stimmten Verhältnis zwischen den Drehzahlen der Abtriebswelle 12 und der An­ triebswelle 10 (das durch die Standübersetzungen der verschiedenen Planetenrad­ sätze festgelegt ist) in der zweiten Schaltkupplung 18 zur Drehzahldifferenz 0. In diesem Punkt wird die zweite Schaltkupplung 18 geschlossen, und die erste Schalt­ kupplung 17 wird geöffnet. Wenn das zweite Überlagerungsgetriebe 6 durch Schließen der zweiten Schaltkupplung 18 aktiviert wird, dann liegt am Hohlrad 23 des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes 6 das Moment der Elektromaschine 3 an. Durch die Überbrückungskupplung 11 können die beiden Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 verblockt werden. Damit wird die Eingangswelle 10 unmittelbar mit der Ausgangs­ welle 12 verbunden.This transmission does not require an additional starting device, it is an infinitely variable transmission. In the lower speed range and for reverse travel, the transmission gear 16 is used in conjunction with the first superposition gear 5 . Due to the translation of the torque of the electric machine 3 , a high torque is available on the ring gear 15 of the first superposition gear 5 , which also enables a high torque on the output shaft 12 . Due to the negative transmission ratio of the transmission gear 16 it comes with increasing speed of the output shaft 12 at a certain ratio between the speeds of the output shaft 12 and the drive shaft 10 (which is determined by the gear ratios of the various planetary gear sets) in the second clutch 18 Speed difference 0. At this point, the second clutch 18 is closed, and the first clutch 17 is opened. When the second superposition gear 6 is activated by engaging the second clutch 18, then is situated at the ring gear 23 of the second superposition gear 6, the torque of the electric machine 3 at. The two superposition gears 5 , 6 can be blocked by the lock-up clutch 11 . So that the input shaft 10 is directly connected to the output shaft 12 .

Mit diesem Getriebe kann jederzeit elektrisch gebremst werden. Fahrleistun­ gen können im normalen Fahrbetrieb, das heißt beim Antrieb durch die Brennkraft­ maschine durch zusätzliche elektrische Leistung aus dem Energiespeicher 8 erhöht werden. Zur Realisierung eines Elektroantriebs können die beiden Überlagerungs­ getriebe 5 und 6 durch die Überbrückungskupplung 11 blockiert werden, und die Eingangswelle 10 wird über den Freilauf 2 von der Motorwelle 1 getrennt. Bei blockierten Überlagerungsgetrieben 5, 6 dreht sich die Elektromaschine 4 mit der Drehzahl der Abtriebswelle 12, und die Elektromaschine 3 kann je nach gewünschter Drehzahl, beziehungsweise gewünschtem Moment der Abtriebswelle 12 über die erste Schaltkupplung 17 oder die zweite Schaltkupplung 18 mit den blockierten Überlagerungsgetrieben 5, 6 verbunden werden.With this gearbox you can brake electrically at any time. Fahrleistun conditions can be increased in normal driving, that is, when driven by the internal combustion engine by additional electrical power from the energy storage 8 . To realize an electric drive, the two superposition gears 5 and 6 can be blocked by the lock-up clutch 11 , and the input shaft 10 is separated from the motor shaft 1 via the freewheel 2 . In the case of blocked superposition gears 5 , 6 , the electric machine 4 rotates at the speed of the output shaft 12 , and the electric machine 3 can, depending on the desired speed or torque of the output shaft 12, via the first clutch 17 or the second clutch 18 with the blocked superposition gears 5 , 6 can be connected.

Die zum Verblocken der Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 dienende Über­ brückungskupplung 11 kann alternativ zu der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungs­ form auch zwischen der Welle des Sonnenrades 19 und der des Hohlrades 23, den beiden Hohlrädern 15 und 23 oder zwischen dem Hohlrad 15 und der Abtriebswelle 12 angeordnet werden.Serving to block the superposition gear 5 , 6 over bypass clutch 11 can alternatively to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 form between the shaft of the sun gear 19 and that of the ring gear 23 , the two ring gears 15 and 23 or between the ring gear 15 and the output shaft 12 are arranged.

Als weitere Alternative kann auch eines der Hohlräder 15 oder 23 der Überla­ gerungsgetriebe 5, 6 festgebremst werden, indem zu einem (nicht gezeigten) Ge­ häuse eine Verbindung hergestellt wird. Dann wirkt das entsprechende Planeten­ getriebe 19, 21,15 oder 19, 21, 22, 23 als konstante Übersetzung. Diese Wirkung wird auch durch das gleichzeitige Schließen beider Schaltkupplungen 17 und 18 er­ reicht.As a further alternative, one of the ring gears 15 or 23 of the superimposed transmission 5 , 6 can be braked by making a connection to a housing (not shown). Then the corresponding planetary gear 19 , 21 , 15 or 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 acts as a constant translation. This effect is also achieved by simultaneously closing both clutches 17 and 18 .

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Abwandlung des oben beschriebenen Getriebes. Durch die Verwendung von zwei unabhängig voneinander aufgebauten Überlagerungs­ getrieben 5′, 6′, die beide als Planetengetriebe ausgebildet sind, bestehen bei der Auswahl der Übersetzungen dieser Getriebe größere Freiheiten. Darüber hinaus ist zusätzlich zu einem ersten Übersetzungsgetriebe 24 ein zweites Übersetzungs­ getriebe 25 vorgesehen. Der Einsatz dieses ebenfalls als Planetengetriebe ausge­ bildeten zweiten Übersetzungsgetriebes 25 kann nötig sein, wenn sich anders die geforderten Werte an der Abtriebswelle 12 (zum Beispiel sehr hohe Momente) mit den vorhandenen Elektromaschinen 3, 4 nicht verwirklichen lassen. Wenn die erste Schaltkupplung 17 geschlossen ist, dann befinden sich beide Übersetzungsgetriebe 24 und 25 im Leistungsfluß. Wenn hingegen die zweite Schaltkupplung 18 ge­ schlossen ist, dann ist nur das zweite Übersetzungsgetriebe 25 wirksam. Fig. 2 shows a modification of the transmission described above. By using two independently constructed superposition gears 5 ', 6 ', both of which are designed as planetary gears, there is greater freedom in the selection of the translations of these gears. In addition to a first transmission gear 24, a second transmission gear 25 is provided. The use of this second transmission gear 25 , which is also formed as a planetary gear, may be necessary if the required values on the output shaft 12 (for example, very high moments) cannot be achieved with the existing electric machines 3 , 4 . When the first clutch 17 is closed, both transmission gears 24 and 25 are in the power flow. If, on the other hand, the second clutch 18 is closed, then only the second transmission 25 is effective.

Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Ausführungsform erlaubt noch größere Freiheiten bei der Übersetzungswahl, da hier jeweils nur eines der beiden als Planetengetriebe ausgebildeten ersten und zweiten Übersetzungsgetriebe 24′ und 25′ genutzt wird. Die Übersetzungsverhältnisse können so ganz individuell für die Anforderungen in den jeweiligen Fahrbereichen abgestimmt werden. Wählt man in dieser Konstruktion für eines der beiden Übersetzungsgetriebe 24′ oder 25′ eine negative und für das andere eine positive Übersetzung, kann auch hier das Umschalten zwischen den beiden Schaltkupplungen 17, 18 ohne Differenzdrehzahl erfolgen. The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 allows even greater freedom in the selection of gear ratios, since only one of the two first and second gear ratios 24 'and 25 ' designed as a planetary gear is used here. The gear ratios can thus be individually tailored to the requirements in the respective driving areas. If one chooses in this construction for one of the two transmission gears 24 'or 25 ' a negative gear ratio and for the other a positive gear ratio, switching between the two clutches 17 , 18 can also take place without differential speed.

Alternativ zu den beiden Elektromaschinen (elektrischer Wandler) können auch zwei Hydrostaten (hydrostatischer Wandler) hydrodynamische Wandler oder andere stufenlose Getriebe eingesetzt werden.As an alternative to the two electrical machines (electrical converter) can also two hydrostats (hydrostatic converter), hydrodynamic converter or other continuously variable transmissions can be used.

Alle vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen eines unendlich stufenlos übersetzenden Getriebes ermöglichen hohe Antriebsleistungen mit Hilfe relativ kleiner Elektromaschinen und demzufolge bei kleinem Bauraum und Gewicht. Durch die Absenkung des Anteils der elektrisch übertragenen Leistung in einem breiten Anwendungsbereich können die Leistungsverluste verringert werden, und der Kraft­ stoffverbrauch kann gesenkt werden. Neben einer großen nutzbaren Getriebe­ spreizung ergibt sich auch ein hoher Fahrkomfort und eine geringe Belastung der Schaltkupplung durch Umschalten zwischen den Betriebsbereichen bei Differenz­ drehzahl 0.All of the above-described embodiments of an infinitely variable Gearboxes enable high drive powers with the help of relative small electrical machines and therefore with a small space and weight. By the reduction in the proportion of electrical power transmitted in a wide range Scope of application, the power loss, and the power can be reduced fabric consumption can be reduced. In addition to a large usable transmission spreading also results in a high level of driving comfort and low stress on the Clutch by switching between the operating ranges in the event of a difference speed 0.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1 Motorwelle
2 Freilauf
3 erste Elektromaschine
4 zweite Elektromaschine
5 erstes Überlagerungsgetriebe
6 zweites Überlagerungsgetriebe
7 Steuereinrichtung
8 Energiespeicher
9 Reaktionswelle
10 Eingangswelle
11 Überbrückungskupplung
12 Abtriebswelle
13 Anker von 4
14 antriebsseitiger Teil von 11
15 Hohlrad von 5
16 Übersetzungsgetriebe
17 erste Schaltkupplung
18 zweite Schaltkupplung
19 Sonnenrad von 5
20 Sonnenrad von 6
21, 22 Stufenplaneten von 5, 6
23 Hohlrad von 6
24 erstes Übersetzungsgetriebe
25 zweites Übersetzungsgetriebe
26 Steg von 5, 6.
1 motor shaft
2 freewheel
3 first electric machine
4 second electric machine
5 first superposition gear
6 second superposition gear
7 control device
8 energy storage
9 reaction wave
10 input shaft
11 lock-up clutch
12 output shaft
13 anchors of 4
14 drive-side part of 11
15 ring gear of 5
16 transmission gears
17 first clutch
18 second clutch
19 sun gear of 5
20 sun gear of 6
21 , 22 planet stages of 5, 6
23 ring gear from 6
24 first transmission gear
25 second transmission gear
26 bridge of 5, 6 .

Claims (6)

1. Hybridantrieb, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, umfassend eine Brenn­ kraftmaschine und ein mit dieser über eine Kupplung (Freilauf) verbundenes aus Elektromaschinen und einem Überlagerungsgetriebe (Planetengetriebe) kombinier­ tes stufenloses Getriebe, dessen in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebspunkt als Generator oder Motor wirkende Elektromaschinen über eine Steuerung elektrisch miteinander und mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (Batterie) in Verbindung stehen, wobei eine der Elektromaschinen mit einer Reaktionswelle und die andere, im Motorbetrieb eine Zusatzleistung abgebende und im Generatorbetrieb der Energierückgewinnung dienende Elektromaschine mit einer der übrigen beiden Wellen (Eingangswelle, Ab­ triebswelle) des Überlagerungsgetriebes in Antriebsverbindung steht, und wobei die mit den Elektromaschinen in Antriebsverbindung stehenden Wellen (Reaktionswelle und Eingangswelle) des Überlagerungsgetriebes mittels einer ansteuerbaren Über­ brückungskupplung drehfest verbindbar sind derart, daß sämtliche Elektromaschi­ nen über das verblockte Überlagerungsgetriebe einen gemeinsamen Antriebsmotor oder einen gemeinsamen Generator bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwi­ schen der Reaktionswelle (9) und dem Überlagerungsgetriebe (5, 6) ein zweistufiges Übersetzungsgetriebe (16; 24, 25) angeordnet ist, das mittels einer ersten und einer zweiten ansteuerbaren Schaltkupplung (17, 18) schaltbar ist und zwei Abtriebswellen hat, und daß das Überlagerungsgetriebe in ein erstes und ein zweites Überlage­ rungsgetriebe (5, 6) unterschiedlicher Übersetzung unterteilt ist, die jeweils mit einer der beiden Ausgangswellen des Übersetzungsgetriebes (16; 24, 25) verbunden sind.1. Hybrid drive, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising an internal combustion engine and with this via a clutch (freewheel) connected from electric machines and a superimposed gear (planetary gear) combined stepless transmission, the electric machines acting as a generator or motor depending on the operating point via a controller are electrically connected to one another and to an electrical energy storage device (battery), one of the electrical machines having a reaction shaft and the other electrical machine providing additional power in motor operation and serving energy recovery in generator operation with one of the other two shafts (input shaft, drive shaft) Superposition gear is in drive connection, and wherein the shafts (reaction shaft and input shaft) of the superposition gear, which are in drive connection with the electrical machines, are non-rotatably connected by means of a controllable lockup clutch dbar are such that all Elektromaschi NEN form a common drive motor or a common generator via the interlocked superposition gear, characterized in that between the reaction shaft ( 9 ) and the superposition gear ( 5 , 6 ) a two-stage transmission gear ( 16 ; 24 , 25 ) is arranged, which can be switched by means of a first and a second controllable clutch ( 17 , 18 ) and has two output shafts, and that the superposition gear is divided into a first and a second superposition gear ( 5 , 6 ) with different ratios, which are each connected to one of the two output shafts of the transmission gear ( 16 ; 24 , 25 ). 2. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Über­ setzungsgetriebe (16; 24, 25) und das erste und das zweite Überlagerungsgetriebe (5, 6) als koaxiale Planetengetriebe ausgebildet sind, daß eine erste Elektromaschi­ ne (3) mit ihrem Anker über eine hohle, zu einer Eingangswelle (10) des ersten und zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5, 6) koaxial angeordnete Reaktionswelle (9) mit dem Übersetzungsgetriebe (16; 24, 25) in Antriebsverbindung steht, daß die beiden Abtriebswellen des Übersetzungsgetriebes mit dem Hohlrad (15, 23) des ersten bzw. zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5, 6) in Antriebsverbindung stehen, daß auf der Eingangswelle (10) des ersten und zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes ein Anker (13) der zweiten Elektromaschine (4) drehfest angeordnet ist, daß die Eingangswelle (10) ferner den antriebsseitigen Teil (14) der mit dem Überlagerungsgetriebe (5, 6) in Antriebsverbindung stehenden ansteuerbaren Überbrückungskupplung (11) trägt und daß die Eingangswelle (10) mit der Brennkraftmaschine über einen Freilauf (2) kuppelbar ist.2. Hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission gear ( 16 ; 24 , 25 ) and the first and second superposition gears ( 5 , 6 ) are designed as coaxial planetary gears that a first electric machine ( 3 ) with its armature Via a hollow reaction shaft ( 9 ) coaxially arranged with an input shaft ( 10 ) of the first and second superposition gears ( 5 , 6 ), the transmission gear ( 16 ; 24 , 25 ) is in drive connection such that the two output shafts of the transmission gearing are connected to the ring gear ( 15 , 23 ) of the first and second superposition gears ( 5 , 6 ) are in drive connection such that an armature ( 13 ) of the second electric machine ( 4 ) is arranged on the input shaft ( 10 ) of the first and second superposition gears so that the input shaft ( 10 ) furthermore the drive-side part ( 14 ) of the controllable bypass which is in drive connection with the superposition gear ( 5 , 6 ) clutch ( 11 ) carries and that the input shaft ( 10 ) can be coupled to the internal combustion engine via a freewheel ( 2 ). 3. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Steg (26) des Überlagerungsgetriebes (5, 6) zwei Gruppen von Planetenrädern (21, 22) unterschiedlichen Durchmessers trägt, wobei jeweils ein großes und ein kleines Pla­ netenrad eines Stufenplaneten auf einer gemeinsamen Achse angeordnet sind, daß die Reaktionswelle (9) über die zweite Schaltkupplung (18) mit dem den großen Pla­ netenrädern (22) des Überlagerungsgetriebes zugeordneten Hohlrad (23) und über die erste Schaltkupplung (17) mit dem den kleinen Planetenrädern (21) des Überla­ gerungsgetriebes zugeordneten Hohlrad (15) verbindbar ist (Fig. 1).3. Hybrid drive according to claim 2, characterized in that the web ( 26 ) of the superposition gear ( 5 , 6 ) carries two groups of planet gears ( 21 , 22 ) of different diameters, each with a large and a small planet gear of a stepped planet on a common one Axis are arranged that the reaction shaft ( 9 ) on the second clutch ( 18 ) with the large Pla netenradn ( 22 ) of the superposition gear ring gear ( 23 ) and on the first clutch ( 17 ) with the small planet gears ( 21 ) Overlaid gear ring gear ( 15 ) can be connected ( Fig. 1). 4. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Über­ setzungsgetriebe in ein erstes und ein zweites Übersetzungsgetriebe (24, 25) unter­ teilt ist (Fig. 2 und 3).4. Hybrid drive according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmission gear in a first and a second transmission gear ( 24 , 25 ) is divided under ( Fig. 2 and 3). 5. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reak­ tionswelle (9) das Sonnenrad des zweiten Übersetzungsgetriebes (25) trägt, dessen Steg mittels der zweiten Schaltkupplung (18) mit dem Hohlrad (23) des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (6′) oder über die erste Schaltkupplung (17) mit dem Sonnenrad des ersten Obersetzungsgetriebes (24) verbindbar ist, dessen Hohlrad mit dem Hohlrad (15) des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5′) verbunden ist (Fig. 2).5. Hybrid drive according to claim 4, characterized in that the reac tion shaft ( 9 ) carries the sun gear of the second transmission gear ( 25 ) whose web by means of the second clutch ( 18 ) with the ring gear ( 23 ) of the second superposition gear ( 6 ') or Via the first clutch ( 17 ) can be connected to the sun gear of the first step-up gear ( 24 ), the ring gear of which is connected to the ring gear ( 15 ) of the first superposition gear ( 5 ') ( Fig. 2). 6. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reak­ tionswelle (9) mittels der ersten Schaltkupplung (17) mit dem Sonnenrad des ersten Übersetzungsgetriebes (24′) oder über die zweite Schaltkupplung (18) mit dem Sonnenrad des zweiten Obersetzungsgetriebes (25′) verbindbar ist, wobei das Hohl­ rad des zweiten Übersetzungsgetriebes (25′) mit dem Hohlrad (23) des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (6′) und der Steg des ersten Übersetzungsgetriebes (24′) mit dem Hohlrad (15) des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5′) verbunden ist (Fig. 3).6. Hybrid drive according to claim 4, characterized in that the reac tion shaft ( 9 ) by means of the first clutch ( 17 ) with the sun gear of the first transmission gear ( 24 ') or via the second clutch ( 18 ) with the sun gear of the second step-up gear ( 25 ') Is connectable, the hollow wheel of the second transmission gear ( 25 ') with the ring gear ( 23 ) of the second superposition gear ( 6 ') and the web of the first transmission gear ( 24 ') with the ring gear ( 15 ) of the first superposition gear ( 5th ') Is connected ( Fig. 3).
DE19606771A 1996-02-23 1996-02-23 Hybrid drive, in particular for motor vehicles Expired - Fee Related DE19606771C2 (en)

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