DE102013008919B4 - Rotor system for the energy conversion of kinetic energy in fluids and mass flows - Google Patents

Abstract

Rotor system consisting of rotor (2) - provided with one or more rotor blades (12) with aerodynamic profile for use of the buoyancy effect - as well as sheath for operation in fluids and mass flows for converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy, in which the outlet opening (4 ) of the shell is greater than the inlet opening (3) and in which by the fluid dynamic shell profile (1) a buoyant effect is generated, which increases the flow in the rotor plane and the effects of turbulent flow and the emergence of a lee-side vortex traction are reduced, characterized characterized in that the rotor (2) due to the insertion into a solid physical structure of Mantelprofil- (1.1) and cover and bottom surfaces (1.2) has no continuous rotor axis.

Description

The invention relates to a rotor system consisting of rotor and shell for the energetic use of fluids and mass flows.

For the energetic use of fluids and mass flows rotor systems are known with both vertical and horizontal axis. For both forms so-called buoyancy runners (eg US 1835018 A ) and so-called resistance rotors (eg US 4784568 A ).

In a buoyancy runner, the flow impinging on the tread is partially deflected by it, so that a greater part of the flow must pass over the top of the tread. Due to mass and energy conservation, this creates a difference in the dynamic pressure between the top and bottom of the profile. The generated pressure difference drives the rotor.

In a resistance runner, the inflowing medium is counteracted by a surface which decelerates the medium. The energy gained from this drives the rotor.

On the one hand, buoyancy runners are characterized by a higher coefficient of performance compared to resistance rotors because of their fluid dynamic properties, but because of the fluid dynamic design, the performance is particularly problematic when starting the rotor and in terms of power control.

There are already numerous attempts to solve this problem:
Thus, a power control according to the centrifugal force principle (eg US 4483657 A ), Tilt and swivel joints for pivoting the rotor blades and pivotable auxiliary sails ( US 4204805 A ), an auxiliary rotor blade for controlling a variable rotor blade pitch angle ( US 5518367 A ), as well as various mechanisms for the cyclical pivoting of the rotor blades (eg. DE 10054700 A1 . DE 29808047 U1 ).

A disadvantage of these approaches is the respective high constructive and material costs in the absence of long-term stability.

In the invention presented here, the wind deflector is part of the jacket, whereby a load-bearing construction with high stability is formed.

In order to increase the efficiency of the known rotor systems, media guiding devices have been described. In the invention US 5451137 A For example, a supply channel is presented, but requires a minimum gradient in a body of water. This proposal is not functional for gaseous fluids.

The invention WO 2000028210 A1 describes a rotor system in a jacket with constriction. A disadvantage of this proposal is that the intended flow compression can be achieved only with compressible media and under external pressure - thus for an application with free flow z. B. is unsuitable by wind.

In addition to the use of media guiding devices, the vertical arrangement of several rotors one above the other on a vertical shaft for increasing efficiency has been described ( US 4130380 A ). The disadvantage of this, however, is that the arrangement of multiple rotors is not flexible and can not be constructed of standard elements. Shaft and generator must be re-dimensioned for each purpose.

A disadvantage of the known rotor systems is also that they are due to their fluid dynamic properties not suitable for operation on, or in the immediate vicinity of buildings (eg, buildings, bridges) and thus can not be integrated into an existing infrastructure.

In the buoyancy runners, the necessary laminar flow would not exist; Resistance runners are for attachment to or on a building i. d. R. too heavy and have too low a performance coefficient.

A disadvantage of known rotor systems is further that the rotating equipment can inevitably lead by turbulence of the flow as well as fluid dynamic processes to vibrations in the system. Especially with rotating about the vertical axis systems - as in an embodiment of the invention WO 2013/068 556 A1 - The rotor axis plays a significant role in the occurrence of turbulence.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a rotor system that has a higher power coefficient than known systems and can be used in all media.

Furthermore, the invention should have an improved startup behavior and optimized power control, as well as being inexpensive to manufacture, maintain and maintain. In addition, the possibility should be created to arrange rotor systems consisting of rotor, guide and machine block-like vertically above the other or horizontally next to each other. Also, the task should be solved that the rotor systems can be erected on or in the immediate vicinity of structures. By reducing turbulence in the wake, a placement of other rotor systems is to be achieved at a small distance, which benefits the use of available area.

Finally, the possibility is to be created that parameters of the operating state of the rotor system as well as the components connected to the rotor system can be monitored, called up, stored and regulated.

The invention is based on the finding that an increased flow velocity on the convexly curved side of the profile occurs through the use of a shell profile shaped according to the laws of fluid dynamics by dividing the inflowing medium. In aviation and conventional wind turbines, this effect is used to form a buoyant force. In the present arrangement, the region of increased flow between the closed by deck and bottom surface shell profiles. Since the flow rate is proportional to the cube of the flow rate, the rotor can achieve correspondingly higher yields. The rotor takes kinetic energy from the mass flow of the fluid. Due to conservation of mass and incompressibility of the fluid, an expansion of the flow takes place behind the rotor. This is ideally accommodated by an outlet opening, which has a larger cross-section than the inlet opening. The rotor should in this case be designed so that it has no continuous rotor axis. The advantage here is that this reduces the weight of the rotor and the flow of the rotor blades is improved. Extensive 2D and 3D analyzes proved the advantages of a rotor without a central axis. Here, two rotor systems of the same dimensions, but with different attachment of the rotor blades were investigated. In the first case, a classic construction with rotor blades attached to support arms on a central rotor axis was chosen. Second, an attachment of the rotor blades to end plates was considered. In the second case, significantly lower turbulences in the wake of the rotor system were evident for different flow velocities and high-speed numbers. For the geometry used in the CFD analysis, the system without central axis could achieve 20% higher average power. This is also due to the better flow through this rotor system.

Apart from that, a uniform flow is generated by the used shell structure, which reduces the influence of turbulence and thus the risk of unwanted power peaks z. As in wind turbines, the associated with this sudden shutdown of the system and thereby resulting impairment of the power grid. Furthermore, the mantle of the rotor reduces its lee-sided wake turbulence.

The flow effect achieved by the jacket system can be caused both by the influx of gaseous (eg air) and by the influx of liquid media (eg water).

The plants known today for the buoyancy effect must i. d. R. be approached electrically so that they reach a required speed for the energy consumption. The jacket system as a passive amplifier reduces the external flow velocity required for start-up and promotes self-starting.

An advantageous embodiment of the subject invention provides that the rotor located within the shell is equipped with a rotor blade or a plurality of rotor blades, which have a fluid dynamic profile. By using the fluid dynamic profile, the buoyancy effect is also utilized with regard to the rotor blades. The combination of fluid-dynamic shaped jacket profile and fluid-dynamic profile of the rotor blades further increases the power coefficient of the rotor system.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the rotor disposed within the shell should have a rotor blade receptacle by support arms, which have a fluid dynamic profile. In this way, the flow of the rotor blades is improved and thus increases the coefficient of performance.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the rotor should be designed so that it has a rotor blade receptacle by means of end plates instead of a rotor blade receptacle by support arms (with fluid dynamic profile). In addition to the optimized flow of the rotor blades, such an embodiment leads to a mechanical stiffening of the rotor and a more cost-effective production of the rotor. Even in such a case, no continuous rotor axis is required for operation. In addition, the formation of turbulences in the area of the rotor blade tips is reduced by the end disks.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the rotor is to be equipped with a device for compensating acting on the rotor blades centrifugal forces. The advantage here is that the mechanical loads on the rotor blades are reduced, so that they can be made lighter and longer lasting. In addition, a safe operating behavior is achieved (no radial expansion of the rotor at high speeds).

A further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention provides that the jacket is connected via a hollow shaft with the rotor. In this case, there is the possibility that lines for power transmission as well as measuring and control signals can be routed via the hollow axle. In contrast to the usual transmission via slip rings and using cable loops o. Ä. As power losses and the increased weight of the cables required for the loops are avoided. Furthermore, such a simple, low-maintenance construction without mechanical or electronic Endabschaltungen be realized because a distortion of the lines does not take place.

A further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention provides that the jacket for self-alignment has a center of gravity displaced leeward to the direction of flow. As a result, an easy to manufacture and maintenance-free option for self-alignment of the rotor system is created. In lateral flow, a force is exerted on the jacket, which tends to align it in the direction of the inflowing fluid. The effect is supported by the leeward arranged center of gravity and stabilizes the position in changing wind directions.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, technical devices in the rotor and / or jacket are intended to regulate the self-starting behavior and the emergency running behavior and serve as an aerodynamic service brake and power control. As technical devices, for example, flaps and spoilers can serve, which are embedded in the rotor shell and / or in the rotor blades.

As in the previous embodiment, this is to serve to regulate the flow through the rotor or the rotor system. In this way, an effective power control can be achieved by changing the aerodynamic behavior, without requiring, for example in overload situation, a permanent mechanical brake. The latter could only be effective for a short period of time for thermal reasons. The same applies to systems with hydraulic brake systems.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the working machine driven by the rotor system (this may be, for example, an electric generator, a pump, a compressor, etc.) is intended to contribute as structural constructional element to the structural strength of the rotor. So the z. B. the rotor blades are mounted directly on the generator axis, so that the generator itself completes the rotor system to the outside. In this way, a limiting end profile of the shell could be omitted with the same or even higher strength. This would also go along with a material and weight savings.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the attachment points of the rotor system to be decoupled by damping elements vibration technology. Due to the decoupling, it is possible, the rotor system on structures such. As houses, bridges, etc., without being affected or damaged by the operating vibrations occurring. Furthermore, the immunity decoupling minimizes noise emissions.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, axially juxtaposed or superposed rotor systems should be configured so that an opposite rotation is achieved. This has the advantage that vibrations and moments are reduced to the support structure and a longer life is achieved with less material.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the rotor system to be equipped with a control unit, which makes it possible to monitor the various parameters of the operating state of both the rotor system itself and the driven machine, to retrieve, store and regulate - and also over interfaces. The advantage of this is that the rotor system (and the machine) can be remotely controlled and monitored from other locations, and external consumers can be switched on and off remotely as a load of the machine by the control unit to optimally use a fluctuating primary energy supply of the mass flow , Due to the possibility of data retrieval and data storage, maintenance can also be prepared externally. Furthermore, the recorded data can be used for development and research (eg in the field of meteorology) as well as for billing purposes (eg with regard to the energy fed into the grid).

If necessary, the rotor system can also be controlled autonomously by means of the control unit.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the rotor system to be equipped with a control unit, the System startup supported, via a load (which is either integrated or arranged externally) and a load control has. The system start-up is supported in such a way that a self-starting can be carried out without load and only when the generator reaches a preset rotor speed does the generator prevent it from over-rotating the rotor system via a load. The load is necessary because, based on the applicable grid connection conditions, the grid state (voltage, frequency, phase angle) must first be checked before connecting the generating plant to the grid. However, without contact with the grid, the generator can not control the rotor without load. The load is also required in case of an uncontrolled separation of the system from the grid to bring the rotor in a safe state. In order for the control unit to be supplied with the required energy even in the case of grid disconnection, it optionally has an autonomous power supply from an internal energy store and / or an auxiliary device in the rotor system for inductive power generation. The power supply serves exclusively to maintain an emergency operation, ie to operate the control unit and control devices.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the jacket of the rotor system to have protection against the ingress of animals in the rotor area. This prevents z. B. Birds fly into the moving rotor or small animals get into the interior of the shell, thus preventing damage and failure of the rotor system.

Further details of the invention are described in the figures with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.

1 a schematic representation of the arrangement of casing profile ( 1.1 ) and rotor ( 2 ), as well as the deck and floor surfaces ( 1.2 ) in perspective.

2 shows the arrangement of casing profiles ( 1.1 ) and rotor ( 2 ) in the supervision.

3 shows the detail view of the input ( 3 ) and outlet ( 4 ) of the jacket profile ( 1.1 ). The inlet cross-section ( 3 ) is smaller than the outlet cross section ( 4 ).

4 shows a detailed view of the flow path on the aerodynamic profile. It is recognizable the flow compression on the profile top ( 5 ) and the flow expansion at the bottom of the profile ( 6 ).

5 shows a detailed view of the rotor. Shown are the over end discs ( 13 ) rotor blades connected to the rotor ( 12 ).

6 shows a detailed view of the rotor system. Shown is the inside of the casing profiles ( 1.1 ) running rotor without a continuous axis ( 10 ). Deck and floor slabs ( 1.2 ) are indicated as an explosive drawing.

7 shows a detailed view of the rotor. Shown are the rotor blades ( 12 ) and the device for compensating the centrifugal force ( 14 ).

8th shows a detailed view of the rotor system for the arrangement of the center of gravity of casing profile ( 1.1 ) and rotation axis ( 7 ).

9 shows a detailed view of the rotor profile ( 12 ) with an auxiliary device ( 20 ), a detailed view of the jacket profile ( 1.1 ) with an auxiliary device ( 19 ).

10 shows a detailed view of the attachment of the rotor system with the building or pole connection ( 9 ), Vibration dampers ( 21 ) and the building ( 31 ).

11 shows vertically ( 22 ) and horizontal ( 23 ) stacked arrangements of the rotor system with opposite direction of rotation of the rotors.

12 shows a detailed view of the control unit ( 24 ) with input signals ( 25 ), Output signals and the possibility of remote control ( 26 ) and grid connection for feeding the generated electricity ( 27 ).

13 shows a detailed view of the control unit ( 24 ) with mains connection for feeding the generated electricity ( 27 ), Terminals for an external load ( 28 ) and internal load ( 29 ).

14 shows a detailed view of the rotor system with jacket profile ( 1.1 ) and a protective device ( 30 ).

15 shows a detailed view of the rotor system with a constructive integration of the working machine ( 8th ) in the rotor ( 2 ) and representation of the axis of rotation ( 7 ).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Mantelprofilwerk

1.1

faces

1.2

Deck and base area

2

Rotor with at least one rotor blade

3

Inlet cross-section

4

Outlet cross section

5

Flow compaction on the profile top

6

Flow expansion at the bottom of the profile

7

axis of rotation

8th

working machine

9

Building or pole connection

10

Rotor without continuous rotor axis

11

Mass center of the shell profile

12

rotor blade

13

Rotor blade holder through end discs

14

Device for compensating the centrifugal force

15

Rotor blade holder by support arms

19

Auxiliary device in the jacket

20

Auxiliary device in the rotor blade

21

vibration

22

Rotor systems in vertical arrangement

23

Rotor systems in horizontal arrangement

24

control unit

25

input signals

26

Output signal / remote control

27

mains connection

28

external load

29

internal load

30

Protective device for rotor system

31

building

Claims (13)

Rotor system consisting of rotor ( 2 ) - with one or more rotor blades ( 12 ) with aerodynamic profile for use of the buoyancy effect - as well as sheath for operation in fluids and mass flows for the conversion of kinetic energy into mechanical energy, in which the outlet opening ( 4 ) of the shell greater than the inlet opening ( 3 ) and in which by the fluid dynamic shell profile ( 1 ), a buoyancy effect is generated, which increases the flow in the rotor plane and the effects of turbulent flow and the emergence of a leeward vortices are reduced, characterized in that the rotor ( 2 ) due to incorporation into a solid bodily structure of casing profile ( 1.1 ) and deck and floor surfaces ( 1.2 ) has no continuous rotor axis. Rotor system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor ( 2 ) a rotor blade receptacle by support arms ( 15 ) having fluid dynamic profile. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 2 ) via a rotor blade receptacle by means of end discs ( 13 ). Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 2 ) via a device for compensating centrifugal forces acting on the rotor blades ( 14 ). Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket ( 1 ) via a hollow axle with the rotor ( 2 ) connected is. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket ( 1 ) for self-alignment via a leeward displaced mass center of gravity ( 11 ). Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that technical devices in rotor blade ( 20 ) and coat ( 19 ) regulate the self-starting behavior and the emergency running behavior and serve as an aerodynamic service brake and power control. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working machine driven by the recovered mechanical energy ( 8th ) as a constructive structural element to the structural strength of the rotor ( 2 ) contributes. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening points of the system ( 9 ) by damping elements ( 21 ) are decoupled vibration technology. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that axially adjacent ( 23 ) or one above the other ( 22 ) rotate counter-rotating rotor systems to reduce vibrations and moments on the support structure. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it (via a control unit 24 ) for monitoring, retrieving, storing and regulating various parameters of the operating state and the parameters of the components connected to the rotor system, including via interfaces. The interfaces can also be used for the remote controlled switching on and off of loads for the working machine. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a control unit ( 24 ), which supports the system startup, via a load internally ( 29 ) or external ( 28 ) - as well as allows load regulation and has a self-sufficient power supply. Rotor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Coat ( 1 ) via protective devices ( 30 ) against the penetration of animals into the rotor area.

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