DE10065314A1 - Method for condition monitoring of wind turbine rotor blades in which sound and vibration sensors are used to generate signals that can be compared with an existing database of signals so that rapid damage assessment can be made - Google Patents

Abstract

Method in which rotor blades (1-3) are monitored using sensors for resonance and Eigen frequencies, transmission and reflection spectra after transmission of an excitation signal, or by self-excitation or from operating noise. The received signals and transformed signal spectra are compared with a database of signals derived from model analyses in wind tunnels and data from other wind turbines, both damaged and undamaged. From the comparisons conclusions can be made about the rotor blade states. An Independent claim is made for a device for monitoring the state of wind turbine rotor blades using sound or vibration sensors and one or more actuators attached to relevant signal generating points on the rotor blades.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device to monitor the condition of rotor blades on wind power plants with the help of on and / or in the rotor blades located sensors, the wind-powered rotor leaves over a wave with one in the wind turbine sensitive generator for power generation in connection hen.  

The rotor blades are a highly stressed component, the Expansion in length and width in recent years has steadily increased. Their length is currently up to 40 m and high speeds occur at the tips. The rotor blades need centrifugal forces, wind currents, turbu limit in a wide range of weather conditions withstand operation.

For the economical operation of a wind turbine a long lifespan of the rotor blades is crucial. the a lifespan of approx. 20 years is specified. The Problem is that to achieve this lifespan he frequent regular on-site inspections by visual Consider e.g. B. from crane systems, is necessary. repara Do not appear until the damage visually increases is recognizable. Repairs are sometimes very time-consuming. As a result, the wind power plant falls short in its electricity generation at a standstill.

One problem is that micro cracks and material ver changes preferably within the rotor blade material, which the mechanical properties and stress relationships can already change significantly in the visual inspec ions are not recorded.

A device for detecting loads on the rotor leaves of a wind turbine is from the publication 198 47 982 A1 known in the root area of the rotor blades at least one linear element is attached, the load peaks due to vibrations or other overload of the rotor blade as a whole is recorded on the rotor blade base, by the relative location of two locations, e.g. B. the location of a ro door leaf in relation to the shaft or the position of two rotors scroll to each other through a linear element and one of its Displacement detecting position sensor is determined. The  Linear element detects strains, so certain Overload conditions can be detected selectively.

The problem with the known device is that the loads of the rotor considered as a whole unit sheet with a mechanical device - the Linearele ment - be measured in the area of the rotor blade base. In order to only the determination can be made whether the rotor blade in the area of the rotor blade base was damaged. about the inner condition of the rotor blade cannot be said to be hit. It also cannot be the area of a miss learning condition in the entire rotor blade, in particular an existing damage point can be narrowed down to there Repair measures in and / or on the material or in the area the support or support structure for achieving one to be able to carry out a longer service life. Also ge Individual damage to the rotor blade is not recognized those that make it necessary to switch off the system would.

A procedure for determining the technical condition of Rotor blades of a wind turbine is from the document DE 195 34 404 A1 known, in which one works in a computer model of the wind turbine the theoretical values for speed and rotational acceleration of the rotor blades as Time function of their rotation around the axis of rotation delivers and that this with the corresponding measurements of wind power system in operation is compared. This is also about one Monitoring of the rotor blades as a whole to what extent the Bela the rotor blade reaches the design values or exceeds. Material defects that occur during operation are not taken into account. It is from the out current values.  

In addition, from DE 42 40 600 C1 Difference to the process on wind-powered, moving Rotor blades a method for recognizing and evaluating Structural damage to engine or jet-powered flight testify for the hull and the rigid associated with it Wings known in which a generator for excitation signals le, namely sine or noise signals, is used for the vibration measuring sensors attached to the aircraft are vibrations with the excitation signals mentioned excited in the aircraft structure and the resulting Vibrations are measured by the sensors, in which the excitation signals and those measured by the sensors Transfer signals in digitized form to a processor with the transfer functions in the processor as a quotient are formed from sensor signals and excitation signals where for the measured transfer functions by mathematical Functions are approximated and in which a modal Analysis of the sensor signals of the aircraft structure made becomes.

To carry out the known method Sliding sinusoidal signals of constant amplitude or noise signals used a finite element model of flight be set up structure with which the vibration for of the structure can be calculated and used as a reference Serve waveforms that are obtained from the modal analysis waveforms with the associated reference Vibrations are compared and deviations are determined, in the case of deviations, the finite element Model adapted, but from the Ab deviations from the finite element model of Aus structural damage can be localized, the loca Damaged damage is included in the finite element model the, the strength of damaged parts with the finite  Element model calculated and as the residual strength of the flight stuff.

One problem is that when the structural damage is located the pilot load parameters of the wings during a cure flight, at takeoff and landing or during flight maneuvers vern are specified, when they are exceeded often not a correction or immediate landing who carried out that can. Also, the changes that take place during the Flight occur, not signaled immediately, but early only after landing. But that can be too be late for a correction of flight behavior.

Another problem is that the arousal with the sliding sinusoidal signals of constant amplitude or noise gnalen with hydraulically or electrically operated aircraft driven rudder servomotors from the control surfaces should be taken.

Accelerators are used as sensors for signal acquisition knife or strain gauge. The sensors can be used both in the wings and on the plane be installed in the fuselage. The associated with the structural damage Deviations are compared when comparing the natural vibration with the reference waveforms from different Amplitude heights determined.

Another problem is that with the Mo dal analysis no continuous monitoring performed can be, since the test procedure only on the ground and there on stationary aircraft performed before and after the flight become.

In another publication DE 43 18 016 A1 a Ver drive and a device for determining and reducing on fuselages of aircraft and helicopters during the flu known vibrations, in the case of certain  Engage force generating actuators brought to cause damage to the missile counteracting vibrations in such a way that the vibrations are weakened. The actuators direction consists of a large number of actuators of an ak tive vibration control system.

The process is not suitable for wind turbines, because the wind turbine on the design side vibration and he must run without vibrations, otherwise the Wind turbine and fundamental changes to the system required until the vibrations and shocks abge represents are.

The invention has for its object a method and a device for monitoring the condition of the rotor scroll to specify wind turbines that are suitable is formed that occurring damage on the upper area and within the body material of rotor blades already at the moment of their formation during the by external Influences - especially wind - affect movement gens / rotating as well as through material changes and - Aging signaling recognized, evaluated and at least indicated by additional units and directly on flow to the plant operation - up to ge shutdown is taken.

The object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1 solved. The method of monitoring according to the generic term of claim 1 is based on the application of Eigen frequencies and structure-borne noise as well as Reflection behavior, whereby resonance and natural frequencies, Pass-through and reflection signal spectra after transmission of Excitation signals or from self-excitation at system loading drive as well as company noise are measured, whereby  the received ones and those gained through transformation NEN signal spectra with respect to their individual special Frequency and amplitudes also in terms of total units are assessed, based on model calculations and acoustic measurements of undamaged and frequency and determined by damaged rotor blades Amplitude spectra and / or spectral shapes / bands obtained which are assigned to these states, spec Center libraries on mass data storage from the spectra with the assignment of damage status and damage location tion and other information are built up, the received actual frequency and amplitude spectra and / or Actual spectra shapes / bands with those in the spectra library stored spectra compared and correspond to it the conditions are determined, which deviate from Nor painting state certain damage states and certain damage places in the material of the rotor blades.

After the transmission from the rotating shaft, the Measuring signals in an evaluation unit analyzed by from the received own signal spectrum or from the corrected tion with the signals fed in via the actuators the relevant frequencies received by the sensors and amplitudes of the time spectrum or a transformed, preferably Fourier-transformed spectrum that are significant for the condition assessment.

The measurement and excitation signals from and to the rotor blades are via a signal / auxiliary power transmission unit led from the shaft to the stator and vice versa, and thereby a signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and Transmitter) and a signal transmission Post-processing unit (receiver and decoder) used become.  

From the respective comparison between the received actual Frequency and amplitude spectra and / or actual Spectra shapes / bands and in the spectra library spectra can be short-term as well as medium and long-term measures for the operation of the wind turbine and for repair and maintenance of the rotor blades the.

The status information can be sent to the host computer an information interface, preferably a serial one Interface, in which automatically the Anla operation up to rapid shutdown is influenced and the plant monitoring measures to react Damages and information to initiate dring measures that are dependent on

The condition monitoring of the rotor blades can also be done during and after production and after transport and during assembly in the area of the wind turbine the.

The procedure is explained below.

The measuring cycle is in a module for measuring process control triggered and can with the output of an excitation signal the actuator via the excitation signal / auxiliary energy Start transmission unit, at the same time the gate of the programmable receiver unit for the given measurement period open and a measurement signal received by the sensor and digitally as a time-related frequency-amplitude signal in the main memory of the central processing unit in a pre given resolution is filed.

The module for measuring process control, which is used for the formation of the Excitation signals and receive signals is responsible for a comprehensive software program module for processing  an algorithm, which is preferably in the central Computing unit is located.

The software program module for processing an algorithm preferably contains the following modules:

• - A module for measuring process control,
• - a module for measuring signal processing,
• - a comparison module,
• - a module for determining the normal state,
• - a continuation decision module,
• - a module for determining a faulty condition,
• - a signaling module for an operating mode tion, the module for determining a faulty access optional with the continuation decision Module can communicate.

In the software program module 49 , the measurement signal vector formed in the unit is used in a module for processing the measurement signal, e.g. B. by means of subsequent fast Fourier transformation, a frequency-amplitude spectrum is generated, the frequency-amplitude spectrum having the measured natural frequencies typical for the rotor blade as a spectrum in a typical normalized frequency range, or a special typical time-of-flight spectrum, in which case by means of a pattern comparison with the standardized spectra stored on mass data from measurements and / or model calculations in a comparison module, a cor responding state is determined, the weather data, e.g. B. wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, humidity, from a meterology module and the system operating data, z. B. speed and power from a plant operating data module are taken into account as parameters.

After a comparison with the result of receiving a Nor the wind turbine master computer is speaking status signal from the decision to continue operating transmission module and the continued operation of wind power system is maintained.

After comparison with the result of obtaining a ge faulty state will affect machine operation by using the interface to the wind turbine Host computer a corresponding information package in the form of Status signals of the rotor blade condition, from signals to Localization of damage points and description of damage status exercise is transferred from the status data module to a automatic or one to be confirmed by a dispatcher changes in the operating mode of the wind turbine in accordance with a signaling module for a change in operating mode leads.

From an assignment table to the spectrum, Mas stores the relevant information as signals for Localization and damage description as well as necessary maintenance and / or repair read out and also on the host computer for further transmission.

After deciding that the damage to the spectra ver is not immediately detected as significant, can from the Zu order table for the spectrum of mass storage the informa localization and damage description as well as for the necessary maintenance and repair from the module sen and transmitted to the host computer, there too after acoustic signaling in the form of a table and / or a hand in the form of a graphic representation to give instructions.  

The from the natural frequency spectra, continuous and reflect xions signal spectra on transmit signals as well as operational inheritance received noise and the resulting from it held signal spectra can both in terms of their individual special frequency and amplitudes as well visually of totalities such as frequency bands and frequency Amplitude groups are evaluated.

Based on pre-assembly through model calculations and through experimental studies on undamaged and damaged rotor blades certain frequency and Am plititude spectra or spectra shapes / bands that are unique certain rotor blade conditions, the damage-free and the be agreed damage-attributable states can, with the received actual frequency and actual Compare amplitude spectra and actual spectra shapes / bands will be.

In the event of deviations, at least an indication is given as to whether the deviation can be assigned to a damage condition, the reason gives an influence on the operation of the wind turbine ge, up to the rapid shutdown.

A monitoring device belonging to the method the condition of rotor blades on wind turbines at least one sound / vibration receiver (sensor) and optionally contain at least one exciter (actuator), the relevant, sound signal suitable locations embedded or are attached to the surface of the rotor blades.

The sensors and actuators can optionally be from the rotor blade base outgoing permanently installed signal lines and optionally Have operating power supply lines.  

With cables permanently embedded in or on the rotor blade are the signals to the actuators and from the sensors from and to the rotor blade base on one rotor blade each portable, the signal transmission from the rotating Shaft to the stator in the wind turbine nacelle in particular with an analog or digital measurement signal Transmission device preferably based on magnetic Alternating fields, radio wave or light signal transmission stretch is done.

The transmission unit are signal pre- or signal postver work units, especially transmitters with encoders and Upstream receiver with decoder.

A configured and belongs to the evaluation unit programmed computer system using an associated Operating system as well as measurement and evaluation software optionally Excitation signals generated and sent to the actuators and Si gnale of the sensors evaluated and by comparison between the measured spectra and the spectra from spectra bi libraries, which are preferably stored in mass storage are assigned rotor blade states and associated Status signals, damage information and operator information derives, taking climate data that over about a unit are available for the transfer of climate data as well as plant drive data, such as speed and power, over the Interface are available, optionally taken into account become.

The generated status signals of the rotor blades and the Information can be heard via the interface to Master computer of the wind turbine are transmitted and there the existing surveillance activated and for monitoring be retrieved, where the status of the rotor blade displayed and, if damage occurs, the damaged areas  on the rotor blade and / or within the rotor blades in Form of text, tables or graphics displayed and optionally assigned safety-related instructions and Regulations initiated automatically or for operation Execution are proposed, as well as, medium or long term ongoing maintenance or repair measures are displayed and their execution is controlled.

The first sound / pulse transmitter and the first sound / Vibration receivers can have a first pair of actuators / sensors form for a wing-longitudinal signal interaction, during the second sound / pulse transmitter and the second sound / Vibration receiver a second pair of actuators / sensors for one Wing-cross signal interaction can represent.

The signal / auxiliary power transmission unit is with the Evaluation unit connected to the rotating one above it Shaft / rotor blades outputs actuator signals and sensor signals receives.

The evaluation unit essentially consists of the zentra len computing unit, from a memory, preferably one MOS memory, from one control unit with one connected video terminal, with a connected keyboard and with a connected printer, from a removable disk, a floppy disk and a CD-ROM drive, consisting of a 6 channel programmable sound / pulse generator as well a 6-channel programmable measurement signal receiver stands with the central processing unit via a bus are connected to each other, preferably on the bus unit for the acquisition of climate data, especially wind strength and temperature and preferably an interface (serial interface) with which a communication link to the higher-level control computer of the wind turbine is adjustable, are connected.  

The programmable sound / pulse generator is above the Signal lines with the excitation signal / auxiliary energy Transmission unit and the programmable measuring signal temp catcher over the measurement signal lines with the measurement signal / Auxiliary power transmission unit in connection.

On a mass storage device like the hard drive or the CD-ROM can be digitized comparison spectra for the rotor blades for various normal operations as well as for malfunctions and damage be from measurements on normal and defective rotor blades ters and from model calculations, preferably with the FEM Method can be obtained.

The signal / auxiliary power transmission device consists in Essentially from a transmission / reception facility in Rich to the actuators of the leaf wing and from an emp catching / transmitting device from the direction of the sensors of the Leaf wing, the transmitter / receiver and the Receiving / transmitting device the signaling together play in the area between the rotor and stator, where the transmitting / receiving device an excitation signal / Auxiliary energy transmission unit and the receiving / Sending device a measurement signal / auxiliary energy Represent transmission unit, which is preferably a two division with regard to the arrangement on / on the rotor and stator point.

The excitation signal / auxiliary power transmission unit is standing with a signal transmission preprocessing unit (En coder and transmitter) on a stator part and a signal post-processing unit (receiver and decoder) on a rotor part with the actuator signal lines of the rotor blade  and the actuator signal output lines leading to the off unit values belong in connection.

The measuring signal / auxiliary power transmission unit is included a signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) on a rotor part and a signal transmission Postprocessing unit (receiver and decoder) on the Stator part with the sensor measuring signal lines of the rotor blade tes and the measurement signal input lines, which are used for evaluation Lead unit, in connection.

The specified method is based on solid mechanics Findings according to which every body according to its Forming and the specific mechanical properties with regard to all spatially extended Body possible natural vibrations with their harmonics sitting. These natural vibrations result for one Body a full spectrum of frequencies typical of the whole body. The body changes through internal and / or external damage and cracks, so changes the spectrum. Certain forms of vibration no longer occur or in a modified form.

Similarly, the waveforms change when the mate riale properties such. B. the elasticity module, in change as a result of aging or weathering. This is what happens a shift in typical frequencies.

Eventually there will be acoustic signals that are not your own correspond to frequencies that are sent through the body that, in the body when passing through according to the material properties more or less weakened and on in the body existing discontinuities and right on the body surfaces inflected. Form new discontinuities or change the material properties, this is the Refle xion signal spectra recognizable by new reflection peaks  occur or the amplitudes of the reflection signals change.

These two acoustic methods are not the same thing tends with the method of modal analysis, when it comes to the hard position of the deformations belonging to the natural frequencies of the body.

The above acoustic properties of a stretched body can once by appropriate acoustic Measurements experimentally or arithmetically over a mo dell invoice, e.g. B. with the finite element model (FEM), be be true.

The measurements can be taken on undamaged and damaged Ro door leaves are performed, an assignment of the Damage to the spectrum becomes possible. When calc Damage conditions, such as mechanical damage and Cracks or material changes are simulated and the spectra be assigned to the damage conditions. Also can from the FEM recalculation of measured spectra, the model and the ver applied model parameters and material properties will be.

This enables a database for the evaluation of in operation measured spectra and the associated states created become.

In the rotor blades of wind turbines there are min at least a sound / vibration receiver and optionally min at least a sound / vibration sensor. These sensors / actuators are embedded in relevant locations suitable for sound signals tet or attached to the surface, preferably from Rotor blade foot outgoing permanently installed signal lines and possibly have operating power supply lines. at Lines embedded in or on the rotor blade which the signals to and from the sensors from and to Transfer rotor blade base. The signal transmission from the rotating  Rotor blade / shaft to the fixed part of the wind Power plant is made with a suitable analog or digi tal measurement signal transmission device preferably on Basis of alternating electrical or magnetic fields, e electromagnetic fields in the range of radio waves or Optical signal transmission paths.

This transmission unit is preferably connected upstream a signal preprocessing unit. After the transfer of of the rotating shaft, the measurement signals are switched off unit values analyzed by taking the received measurement si gnalen or from in correlation with those about the pathogen received signals received signal responses on the part of the measurement signal receiver the relevant frequencies and ampli tuden of the time spectrum or a transformed - z. B. fourier-transformed spectrum filtered out, the signi are fictional for the condition assessment of the rotor blade.

In contrast to the modal analysis, which the waveforms z. B. on the wings and fuselage of an aircraft lysed, and the method of transfer functions are here in the acoustic spectra of the system as well as the measurement and the evaluation of the natural frequencies, natural noises, Running signal or reflection effects are taken into account.

The method according to the invention is based on the fact that only with self and externally excited vibrations and impulses for diagnostic purposes whose amplitudes are not in the range general component vibrations are sufficient, the rotor blade condition is monitored.

It is useful that the rotor blades of wind turbines conditions at least in the area of the rotor blade feet rotates / can be adjusted, or with the stall-regulated aerodynamic brakes are activated so the wind force te can no longer act and thus the rotation on  a minimum number of revolutions is reduced or even ended what can actually shutdown or shutdown the wind turbine means.

Training and additional refinements by Erfin tion are described in further subclaims.

The invention is based on an exemplary embodiment several drawings explained in more detail.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a known wind turbine with three rotor blades in Zentralsymme trie,

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a rotor blade with actuators / sensors which are connected to electrical signal and power supply lines,

Fig. 3 is a view in the main shaft axis towards the Sta tor the signal / power supply transfer unit with a cross section of the main shaft of the wind turbine,

Fig. 4 is a schematic detail of the signal / auxiliary power turbine transmission unit on the main shaft of the wind,

Fig. 5 is a schematic side view with a Übertra ger-winding on the rotor attachment of signal / power supply transfer unit,

Fig. 6 is a block diagram of the signal / auxiliary power transmission unit for measuring signals,

Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the signal / auxiliary power-supply unit for Übertra actuator signals,

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the evaluation unit for control of the measuring process, for evaluation, for monitoring and for visualizing the state of the rotor blades and influencing the operating regime of the wind turbine and

Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart for performing the method for visualizing and monitoring the state of the rotor blades and influencing the operating regime of the wind turbine.

In Fig. 1, the overall view of a wind turbine 40 is shown with the three rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 , which are attached to a horizontally gela shaft 6 , which is located in the upper end of the mast 4 in a vertically rotatably mounted nacelle 5 ,

The Fig. 2 representatively shows the rotor blade 1 with respect to three of the same design rotor blades 1, 2, 3. The rotor blade 1 consists of a blade wing 7 and an associated rotor blade base 8 .

In the material of the leaf wing 7 there are two sound / pulse transmitters (actuators) 9 and 10 and two sound / vibration receivers (sensors) 11 and 12 . Each of the actuators 9 , 10 is connected to an associated actuator signal line 13 , 14 and auxiliary power lines (not shown) and each of the sensors is continuously connected to a measuring signal line 15 , 16 and auxiliary power lines (not shown) up to the rotor blade base 8 . Sound is used as the transmission medium in the leaf wing 7 . The first sound / pulse transmitter 9 and first sound / vibration receiver 11 form a first actuator / sensor pair for a wing longitudinal signal interaction, while the second sound / pulse transmitter 10 and the second sound / vibration receiver 12 Represent second pair of actuators / sensors for a wing-cross signal interaction.

In Fig. 3 is a view shown in Hauptwellenachsrichtung to the stator 17 of the signal / power supply transfer unit 20 and the cross section of the leading through the stator shaft 6 in the nacelle 5 of the mast 4.

The shaft 6 is guided through the stator 17 of the signal / auxiliary power transmission unit 20 shown in FIG. 4, on which the signal lines 13 to 16 and possibly auxiliary power line (not shown) to the rotor blade 1 up to the signal transmission preprocessing unit ( Transmitter, not shown) 22 m of the signal / auxiliary power transmission unit 20 , from which the converted signals are transmitted by means of electromagnetic fields to the part of the unit in the stator 17 which represents the signal transmission post-processing unit (receiver, not shown) 21 m follows the signal / auxiliary power transmission unit 20 , from which the measurement signals obtained on the measurement signal lines 15 ', 16 ' are fed to a central processing unit 24 via a programmable sound signal receiver 34 .

For the actuator signals there is a corresponding device with reversal of the send / receive direction, which is shown in FIG. 7.

In FIG. 5, mounted on the shaft 6 shaft attachment 18 / power supply transfer unit 20 shown the signal with an applied associated winding 19.

The signal / auxiliary power transmission unit 20 is connected to an evaluation unit 23 .

In Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of the Auswer te unit 23 is shown. The evaluation unit 23 consists essentially of the central processing unit (CPU) 24 , from a memory 25 , preferably a MOS memory, from an operating unit 26 with a connected video terminal 27 , with a connected keyboard 28 and with a connected printer 29 , From a removable disk (hard disk) 30 , a floppy disk 31 and a CD-ROM drive 32 , from a 6-channel programmable sound / pulse generator 33 and from a 6-channel programmable measurement signal receiver 34 , which via a bus 35 of the central processing unit 24 are connected to one another. On the bus 35 there is also a unit 36 for taking over climate data, in particular wind speed and temperature, and preferably an interface (serial interface) 37 with which a communication connection to the superordinate control computer 38 of the wind turbine 40 is established.

The programmable sound / pulse generator 33 is connected via the signal lines 13 ', 14 ' to the excitation signal / auxiliary power transmission unit 20 a. The actuator excitation signals to the actuators 9 , 10 run in the direction 51 (arrow). The programmable measurement signal receiver 34 is connected via the measurement signal lines 15 ', 16 ' to the measurement signal / auxiliary power transmission unit 20 m. The measurement signals from the receivers 11 , 12 run in the direction 50 (arrow). The central processing unit 24 controls the units 33 , 20 a or 34 , 20 m connected via the bus 34 , the data exchange between them and the processing of data. For this purpose, a multitask real-time operating system is stored on the hard disk 30 , the core components of which are in the memory 25 , in particular in a MOS memory.

On a mass data storage device, such as the hard disk 30 or the CD-ROM 32 , digitized comparison spectra for the rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 for various normal operating states as well as for fault and damage states are also stored, which result from measurements on normal and defective rotor blades and obtained from model calculations, preferably using the FEM method.

In the following, Figs. 7, 8 jointly considered. The signal / power supply transfer device 20 mainly consists of a transmitter / receiver device 20a in the direction to the actuators 9, 10 of the blade wing 7, and from a receiving / transmitting device 20 m from the direction of the sensors 11, 12 of the blade wing 7 , The transmitter / receiver device 20a and the receiving / transmitting device 20 m relate to the signal-based interaction in the region between the rotor and stator 17, wherein the transmitting / receiving device 20 a a Erregersignal- / auxiliary power transmission unit and the receiving / transmitting device 20 m a measured signal / power supply transfer unit represents, each having a dichotomy with respect to the rotor and stator 17, wherein on the stator 17, the stator unit 21 with the signal transmission preprocessing unit 21 a and the signal transmission post-processing unit 21 m are attached and on the rotor, the rotor unit 22 with the signal transmission preprocessing unit 22 m and the signal transmission post-processing unit 22 a are attached.

In Fig. 7, the excitation signal / auxiliary power transmission unit 20 a with the signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) 21 a on a stator part and the signal transmission post-processing unit (receiver and decoder) 22 a on a rotor part with the actuator signal lines 13 , 14 of the rotor blade 1 and the actuator signal output lines 13 ', 14 ', which belong to the evaluation unit 23, are shown as a schematic block diagram.

In FIG. 8, the measurement signal / auxiliary power transmission unit is 20 m with the signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) 22 m on a rotor part and the signal transmission post processing unit (receiver and decoder) is 21 m on the stator part with the sensor measurement signal lines 15 , 16 of the rotor blade 1 and the measurement signal input lines 15 ', 16 ' which lead to the evaluation unit 23 , shown as a schematic block diagram.

Between the preprocessing units and the post-processing units ( 21 a- 22 a; 22 m- 21 m) there is in each case a transmission path 57 in which the information and the energy are preferably transmitted on the basis of alternating magnetic fields, radio waves and / or light signals be communicated.

In Fig. 9, a schematic block diagram and a flow chart from the execution of a monitoring process with the device according to the invention is shown and explained. The method according to the invention is set out below with the monitoring device according to the invention for the method using the natural frequencies. In particular, the explanation of the measured value processing steps on which the method is based is based on the flow chart in FIG. 9 and FIG. 6.

The procedure is shown for rotor blade 1 . It works in the same way for the other rotor blades 2 , 3 .

The method is based on the application of natural frequencies and structure-borne noise, as well as sound running and reflection behavior, whereby the resonance and natural frequencies, pass-through and reflection signal spectra are measured after transmission of excitation signals or from self-excitation during plant operation, as well as the operating noise, the received and the signal spectra obtained therefrom by transformation being evaluated with regard to their individual special frequency and amplitudes but also with respect to the entirety, being determined on the basis of model calculations and by acoustic measurements of undamaged and damaged rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 Frequency and amplitude spectra and / or spectral shapes / bands are obtained which are assigned to these states, with spectra libraries on mass data memories 30 , 32 from the spectra with the assignment of damage state and damage location and further information, preferably as to plant operation and maintenance and repair, who built the actual frequency and amplitude spectra and / or actual spectral shapes / bands compared with the spectra stored in the spectra library and the corresponding states are determined which, in the event of deviations from the normal state, are assigned to certain damage states and certain damage points 39 in the material of the rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 .

A software program module 49 for processing an algorithm is assigned to the method and preferably contains the following modules:

A module 41 for measuring process control,

• a module 42 for measuring signal processing,
• a comparison module 46 ,
• a module 47 for determining the normal state,
• a continuation decision module 56 ,
• a module 48 for determining a faulty state,
• - A module 52 for signaling an operating mode change, wherein the module 48 for determining a faulty state can optionally be connected to the further operation decision module 56 .

The measuring cycle is triggered in the module 41 for measuring process control and begins with the output of an excitation signal to the actuator 9 via the excitation signal / auxiliary energy transmission unit 20 a. At the same time, the gate of the programmable signal receiving unit 34 is opened for the predetermined measurement period and the measurement signal obtained from the sound transmission 55 in the rotor blade is received by the sensor 11 and stored digitally as a time-related frequency-amplitude signal in the main memory 25 of the central processing unit 24 in a predetermined resolution. The module 41 for measuring process control, which is responsible for the formation of the excitation signals and received signals, belongs to the comprehensive software program module 49 for processing an algorithm, which is also located in the central processing unit 24 . From the associated measurement signal vector is by means of subsequent measurement signal processing, z. B. with fast Fourier transformation, a frequency-amplitude spectrum or a transit time spectrum in the module 42 for measurement signal processing. It shows the typical measured spectra for the rotor blade 1 in a typical standardized frequency range. A suitable state is determined in the comparison module 46 by a pattern comparison with the normalized natural frequency spectra from measurements and / or model calculations stored on the hard disk 30 or CD-ROM 32 . The who the weather data, such. B. wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, humidity, from a Meterologle module 43 and the plant operating data, for. B. speed and power, tapped from a system operating data module 44 via the interface 37 from the host computer as parameters.

If it is a normal state 47 after the comparison, the wind turbine master computer 38 is transmitted a corresponding status signal from the further operation decision module 56 via the interface 37 and the further operation is maintained.

If, after the comparison, the status is disturbed, in the event of significant damage that is ascertained, machine operation is influenced by a corresponding information package in the form of status signals of the rotor blade condition, signals for localizing the damage location and for, via the interface 37 Description of the damage condition is transmitted from the information data module 45 to the control computer 38 , which is prompted for an automatic change or a change in the operating mode of the wind power plant 40 to be confirmed by a dispatcher in accordance with a module 52 for signaling for a change in operating mode. This action is also signaled acoustically in the control room and reported to higher-level facilities. The information is read out as a signal for localization and description of the damage as well as for the necessary repair from an assignment table to the spectrum from the mass storage device 30 , 32 and also transmitted via the interface 37 to the master computer 38 for further transmission.

If the damage is not detected to be significant when comparing the spectra, the information for localization and description of the damage as well as for the necessary maintenance and repair are read from the information data module 45 from the allocation table to the spectrum from the mass memory 30 , 32 and transferred to the master computer 38 in order to to give instructions for action there even after acoustic signaling in the form of a table and / or in the form of a graphic representation.

If there is no suitable comparison spectrum for the measured spectrum that is to be assigned to a fault, a corresponding status signal is sent to the master computer 38 with the request to the monitoring to take up the situation and to make a decision. The measured spectrum can be transmitted via a remote data transmission from the master computer 38 to the supplier of the monitoring system, who reacts to the request by remote diagnostics with an answer to the master computer 38 and the dispatcher, which state is assigned to this spectrum and which actions are required.

The method according to the invention is based on the use of natural frequencies and structure-borne noise as well as sound-running and re-reflection behavior, since these acoustic properties are closely linked to the condition of a rotor blade 1 , 2 , 3 . Mechanical damage and cracks and material changes in the interior and on the surface have a significant influence on the acoustic properties, since certain natural frequencies, certain reflection signals, running signal attenuations and the operating noise are closely linked to the mechanical properties. The dependencies can be experimentally measured with rotor blades of various states and by simulating the effects of defects and material changes in the rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 z. B. can be calculated with FEM models.

The natural frequency spectra are measured and evaluated, Pass-through and reflection signal spectra on transmit sound or impulse signals as well as company noise. The emp catch and the Si obtained from it by transformation gnal spectra are in terms of their individual special Frequency and amplitudes, but also in terms of total units such as frequency bands and frequency amplitude groups evaluates.

Based on previously through model calculations and through experimental investigations on undamaged and damaged rotor blades certain frequency and amplitude the spectra or spectral shapes / bands that clearly be agreed rotor blade conditions, the damage-free and the certain  Damage-assignable states with the received actual frequency and actual Compare amplitude spectra and actual spectra shapes / bands chen.

In the event of deviations, at least one display is first received as to whether the deviation can be assigned to a defective state which gives rise to influence the operation of the wind power plant 40 , including rapid shutdown. Furthermore, the localization of the damage location 39 to be assigned to the condition is shown on the rotor blade 1 to be monitored if the condition is contained in the spectra library. Based on this, measures are proposed for the further operation of the wind power plant 40 and for maintenance and repair work to repair the damage. Spectra that are not to be assigned are registered and, for further evaluation, transmitted to the evaluation unit 23 responsible for the algorithm or, optionally, in extension thereof via remote data transmission. Optionally, an indication of the status can be received there using fuzzy logic in conjunction with the other incoming knowledge of other plants, and the information can be sent back to the wind power plant 40 concerned. The same applies to the other rotor blades 2 , 3 .

An advantage of the method according to the invention is that Obtaining objective evaluation data, what with the Visual observations currently carried out only is limited.

The invention opens up the possibility that the damaged spots 39 with integrated technical means can be recognized continuously and in good time by the constant monitoring during operation, so that the time-consuming manual periodic inspections with necessary operational interruptions can be eliminated. On the one hand, this leads to considerable cost savings. On the other hand, the running times of the wind turbines 40 would increase each year and the yield would improve.

Due to the detection of damage in the rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3, at the time of their occurrence, repairs can be initiated immediately if necessary and possible.

In particular in the case of the layer materials of the rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 , damage increases up to destruction can be avoided, which results in a considerable reduction in repair costs. With the invention, a long standstill of the wind turbines is avoided in the event of destruction, which leads to a significant drop in yields.

Another advantage of the invention is the possibility of Check the material of the rotor blade before installation the wind turbine by first turning the respective rotor blade at the factory, then on site after transport and during the Montage is subjected to acoustic tests and the Signals are compared with standardized target values. Are the signal values within a predetermined tale ranzbreite, a quality-assured condition of the rotor blades be defined.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

first rotor blade

2

second rotor blade

3

third rotor blade

4

mast

5

gondola

6

wave

7

Flat paddle

8th

Rotorblattfuß

9

first sound / pulse transmitter (actuator)

10

second actuator

11

first sound / vibration receiver (sensor)

12

second sensor

13

first actuator signal line

13

'' first actuator signal output line

14

second actuator signal line

14

'' second actuator signal output line

15

first sensor signal line

15

'' first sensor signal input line

16

second sensor signal line

16

'' second sensor signal input line

17

stator

18

rotor attachment

19

winding

20

Signal / auxiliary power transmission unit with signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) and signal transmission post-processing unit (receiver and decoder)

20

a Excitation signal / auxiliary power transmission unit

20

m Measurement signal / auxiliary power transmission unit

21

Stator unit with signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) and signal transmission postprocessing unit (receiver and decoder)

21

a signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter)

21

m signal transmission post-processing unit (receiver and decoder)

22

Rotor unit with signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) and signal transmission postprocessing unit (receiver and decoder)

22

a signal transmission post-processing unit (receiver and decoder)

22

m signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter)

23

Evaluation unit

24

Central computer unit

25

Storage

26

operating unit

27

video terminal

28

keyboard

29

printer

30

Disk Space

31

Removable storage

32

CD-ROM drive

33

Multi-channel programmable sound / pulse generator

34

Multi-channel programmable measurement signal receiver

35

bus

36

Unit for taking over climate data

37

interface

38

master computer

39

damaged area

40

Wind turbine

41

Measuring process control module

42

Module for measuring signal processing

43

Meterologle module

44

Plant operating data module

45

Information data module

46

comparison module

47

Module for determining a normal state

48

Module for determining a faulty state

49

Software program module for processing an algorithm

50

Measuring signal input direction

51

Actuator signal output direction

52

Signaling module for a change in operating mode

53

first operating power supply line

54

second operating power supply line

55

Sound transmission in the rotor blade

56

Wide operating decision module

57

transmission path

Claims (36)

1. A method for monitoring the state of rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) on wind turbines ( 40 ) with the aid of actuators located on and / or in the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) ( 9 , 10 ) and sensors ( 11 , 12 ), the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) driven by wind power being connected via a shaft ( 6 ) to a generator for power generation located in the wind power plant ( 40 ), characterized in that
that it is based on the use of natural frequencies and structure-borne noise as well as sound-running and reflection behavior,
whereby resonance and natural frequencies, pass-through and reflection signal spectra are measured after transmission of excitation signals or from self-excitation during plant operation as well as operational noises,
the received and the signal spectra obtained therefrom by transformation are evaluated with regard to their individual special frequency and amplitudes but also with regard to the entirety,
on the basis of model calculations and acoustic measurements of undamaged and damaged rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) certain frequency and amplitude spectra and / or spectra shapes / bands are obtained, the appropriate states are assigned,
wherein spectra libraries are built on mass data storage ( 30 , 32 ) from the spectra with the assignment of damage condition and damage localization and further information, preferably for plant operation as well as for maintenance and repair,
whereby the received actual frequency and amplitude spectra and / or actual spectra shapes / bands are compared with the spectra stored in the spectra library and the corresponding states are determined, the damage states and certain damage points ( 39 ) which deviate from the normal state. in the material of the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the transmission of the rotating shaft ( 6 ), the measurement signals are analyzed in an evaluation unit ( 23 ) by using the received signal spectrum or in correlation with the over the transmitters - ( 9 , 10 ) fed signals received spectra are filtered out by the receivers ( 11 , 12 ) the relevant frequencies and amplitudes of the time spectrum or a transformed, preferably Fourier transformed spectrum, which are significant for the condition assessment. 3. The method according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the measurement and excitation signals scroll to and from the rotor ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) via a signal / auxiliary power transmission unit ( 20 ) from the shaft ( 6 ) to the stator ( 17 ) and vice versa and thereby signal transmission preprocessing units (encoder and transmitter) ( 21 a, 22 m) and signal transmission post-processing units (receiver and decoder) ( 22 a, 21 m) are used. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that from the respective comparison between the received actual frequency and amplitude spectra and / or actual spectral shapes / bands and the spectra stored in the spectra library short-term and medium and Long-term measures for the operation of the wind turbine ( 40 ) and for the repair and maintenance of the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) can be derived. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the status information via an information interface ( 37 ), preferably a serial interface, are transmitted to the control computer ( 38 ), in which the system operation up to automatic shutdown influences automatically system monitoring measures to react to damage conditions and information to initiate urgency-dependent measures. 6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the condition monitoring of the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) is also carried out during production and after transport on site and during assembly in the area of the wind turbine ( 40 ) , 7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that a software program module 49 for processing an algorithm is preferably present in an associated central processing unit ( 24 ), which contains a module 41 for measuring process control, a module 42 for measuring signal processing, contains a comparison module 46 , a module 47 for determining the normal state, a further operation decision module 56 , a module 48 for determining a faulty state, a module 52 for signaling for a change in operating mode, the module 48 for determining a faulty state optionally with the Operation decision module 56 may be connected. 8. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement cycle is triggered in the module ( 41 ) for measuring process control and that with the output of an excitation signal from the programmable sound / pulse generator ( 33 ) to the actuator ( 9 , 10 ) via the excitation signal / auxiliary power transmission unit ( 20 a) begins, at the same time opening the gate of the programmable signal receiving unit ( 34 ) for the specified measurement period and the measurement signal obtained from the sound transmission 55 in the rotor blade from the sensor ( 11 ) emp catch and as a time-related frequency amplitude signal digitally stored in the main memory ( 25 ) of the central computing unit ( 24 ) in a predetermined resolution. 9. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the module ( 41 ) for measuring process control is responsible for the formation of the excitation signals and received signals. 10. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from the measurement signal vector obtained by the measurement by means of subsequent transformation, preferably a fast Fourier transformation, a frequency-amplitude spectrum is generated in the module ( 42 ) for signal processing , the frequency-amplitude spectrum having the natural frequencies measured for the rotor blade ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) typical as a spectrum in a typical normalized frequency range, and wherein by comparing a pattern with those on the hard disk ( 30 ) or CD-ROM ( 32 ) stored normalized eigenfrequency spectra from measurements and / or model calculations in a comparison module ( 46 ) a corresponding state is determined, the weather data, e.g. B. wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, humidity, from a meter module ( 43 ) and the Anla genbetriebsdaten, z. B. speed and power, from a plant operating data module ( 44 ) are taken into account as parameters. 11. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that frequency-dependent time-amplitude spectrum are generated in a module ( 42 ) for processing the measurement signal from the measurement signal vector obtained by measuring sound flow and reflection signals by means of subsequent transformation, wherein the signal spectrum for the rotor blade ( 1 ) has typical measured transit times and reflections as a spectrum in a typical normalized frequency and time window range, and wherein by a pattern comparison with those stored on the hard disk ( 30 ) or CD-ROM ( 32 ) normalized eigenfrequency spectra from measurements and / or model calculations in a comparison module ( 46 ), a corresponding state is determined, the weather data, e.g. B. wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, humidity, from a meter module ( 43 ) and the Anla genbetriebsdaten, z. B. speed and power, from a plant operating data module ( 44 ) are taken into account as parameters. 12. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after a comparison with the result of the maintenance of a normal state ( 47 ) the wind turbine control computer ( 38 ) a corresponding status signal from the further operation decision module ( 56 ) is transmitted and the continued operation is maintained. 13. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the comparison with the result of the receipt of a faulty state influence is exerted on the machine operation, by means of the interface ( 37 ) a corresponding information package in the form of status signals of the rotor blade state , of signals for damage location and damage status description from the information data module ( 45 ) to the control computer ( 38 ) is transmitted to an automatic or to be confirmed by a dispatcher confirming a change in the operation of the wind turbine ( 40 ) according to a module ( 52 ) leads to the signaling for an operating mode change. 14. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from an assignment table to the spectrum from the mass memory ( 30 , 32 ) the information is read out as signals for localization and damage description and for the necessary repair and also to the master computer ( 38 ) Forwarding be transmitted. 15. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the decision that the damage in the spectra comparison is not detected as significant, from the assignment table to the spectrum from the mass memory ( 30 , 32 ) the information on the location and the damage description and for the necessary maintenance and repair from the information data module ( 45 ) and sent to the master computer ( 38 ) in order to give instructions for action there even after acoustic signaling in the form of a table and / or in the form of a graphic representation. 16. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the event that there is no suitable comparison spectrum for the measured spectrum which is to be associated with a fault, the host computer ( 38 ) is sent a corresponding status signal with the request tion to the monitoring for remote diagnostic clarification, the measured spectrum can also be transmitted via a remote data transmission from the control computer ( 38 ) to the service of the monitoring system manufacturer, who can then provide assistance. 17. The method according to at least one of the preceding Expectations, characterized, that from the natural frequency spectra, continuous and Reflection signal spectra on transmission signals and Be received driving noise and the resulting from it Transformation received signal spectra both out visually their individual special frequency and amplitudes  as well as in terms of aggregates like Frequency bands and frequency amplitude groups rated become. 18. The method according to at least one of the preceding Expectations, characterized, that based on before assembly by Mon dent calculations and through experimental investigations on undamaged and damaged rotor blades agreed frequency and amplitude spectra or spec trenformen / -Banden, the clearly determined rotor leaf conditions, the damage-free and the certain Damage-assignable states can be assigned with the received actual frequency and actual Amplitude spectra as well as actual spectra shapes / bands be compared. 19. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the event of deviations, at least one indication is obtained as to whether the deviation can be assigned to a fault condition which gives rise to an influence on the operation of the wind power plant ( 40 ), up to the rapid shutdown to take. 20. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of non-assignable spectra, optionally with egg fuzzy logic in conjunction with the otherwise incoming knowledge of other wind power plants, a display of the condition is obtained and the information is sent to the wind power plant concerned ( 40 ) are sent back. 21. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material test of the rotor blade ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) already prior to installation on the wind turbine ( 40 ) is carried out by the respective rotor blade ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) first in the factory, then on site after transport and during assembly, acoustic tests are carried out and the signals are compared with standardized target values. 22. Device for monitoring the state of rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) on wind turbines ( 40 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 21, characterized in that at least one sound / vibration receiver ( 11 , 12 ) and optionally at least one actuator ( 9 , 10 ) are seen before, which are embedded at relevant locations suitable for sound signals or attached to the surface of the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the sensors and actuators ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ) optionally from the rotor blade base ( 8 ) outgoing permanently installed signal lines ( 13 to 16 ) and optionally operating power supply lines ( 53 , 54 ). 24. Device according to claim 22 and / or 23, characterized in that in the case of lines ( 13 to 16 ) embedded in or on the rotor blade ( 2 , 3 , 4 ), the signals to and from the actuators / sensors ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ) from and to the rotor blade base ( 8 ) are each transferable to a rotor blade ( 1 , 2 , 3 ), the signal transmission from the rotating shaft ( 6 ) to the stator ( 17 ) in the nacelle ( 5 ) of the wind turbine ( 40 ) in particular with an analog or digital measurement signal transmission device ( 20 m, 21 m, 22 m), preferably on the basis of alternating magnetic fields, radio wave and / or light signal transmission paths ( 57 ). 25. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission unit ( 20 ) are assigned signal preprocessing or signal postprocessing units, to which in particular transmitters with encoders and receivers with decoders are connected upstream. 26. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to the evaluation unit ( 23 ) a configured and programmed computer system ( 24-37 ) is heard, which by means of an associated operating system as well as measurement and evaluation software selectively excitation signals generated and sent to the actuators ( 9 , 10 ) and evaluates signals from the sensors ( 11 , 12 ) and to be assigned by comparison between the measured spectra and the spectra from spectra libraries, which are preferably stored on mass storage devices ( 30 , 32 ), States and associated status signals, damage information and operator information are derived, whereby climate data, which can be called up via a unit ( 36 ) for transferring climate data, and system operating data, such as speed and power, are available via the interface ( 37 ) , optionally be considered. 27. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the status signals formed from the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) and the associated information are transmitted via the interface ( 37 ) to the control computer ( 38 ) of the wind power plant ( 40 ) and there the existing monitoring is activated, where the status of the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) is also displayed and, if damage occurs, the damaged areas ( 39 ) on the rotor blade ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) and / or internally Half of the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) are displayed in the form of text, tables or graphics, and optionally assigned safety-related instructions and regulations are automatically initiated or suggested for operation, as well as medium or long-term maintenance or repair measures is displayed and its execution is checked. 28. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first sound / pulse transmitter ( 9 ) and a first sound / vibration receiver ( 11 ) form a first actuator / sensor pair for a wing-longitudinal signal interaction, while a second transmitter ( 10 ) and a second sensor ( 12 ) represent a second actuator / sensor pair for a wing-cross signal interaction. 29. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal / auxiliary energy transmission unit ( 20 ) is connected to the evaluation unit ( 23 ). 30. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation unit ( 23 ) essentially from the central processing unit ( 24 ), from a memory ( 25 ), preferably a MOS memory, from an operating unit ( 26 ) with a connected video terminal ( 27 ), with a connected keyboard ( 28 ) and with a connected printer ( 29 ), consisting of a removable disk ( 30 ), a floppy disk ( 31 ) and a CD-ROM drive ( 32 ), Consists of a 6-channel programmable sound / pulse generator ( 33 ) and a 6-channel programmable measurement signal receiver ( 34 ), which are connected to one another via a bus ( 35 ) of the central processing unit ( 24 ), with the bus ( 35 ) preferably a unit ( 36 ) for transferring climate data, in particular wind speed and temperature, and preferably an interface ( 37 ) with which a communication connection to the higher-level control computer ( 38 ) the wind turbine ( 40 ) can be manufactured, are connected. 31. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the programmable sound / pulse generator ( 33 ) via the signal lines ( 13 ', 14 ') with the excitation signal / auxiliary power transmission unit ( 20 a) is connected and the Programmable measurement signal receiver ( 34 ) is connected to the measurement signal / auxiliary power transmission unit ( 20 m) via the measurement signal lines ( 15 , 16 '). 32. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that digitized comparison spectra for the rotor blades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) for different on a mass data memory, such as the hard disk ( 30 ) or the CD-ROM ( 32 ) normal operating conditions as well as for malfunction and damage conditions are stored, which are obtained from measurements on normal and defective rotor blades and from model calculations, preferably using the FEM method, whereby climate data such as air speed, temperature and humidity as well as plant operating data, how speed and power can be parameters. 33. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal / auxiliary energy transmission device ( 20 ) essentially from a transmitting / receiving device ( 20 a) in the direction of the actuators ( 9 , 10 ) of the leaf wing ( 7 ) and (20 m) comprises a receiving / transmitting means from the direction of the sensors (11, 12) of the blade wing (7), wherein the transmitting / receiving means (20 a) and the receive / transmit device (20 m) the signal technology interplay (17) fen Subject Author in the area between the rotor and stator, illustrating the transmitting / receiving device (20 a) a Erregersignal- / auxiliary power transmitting unit and the receiving / transmitting means (20 m) of waveforms / power supply transfer unit , which preferably have a division into two with respect to the arrangement on / on the rotor and stator ( 17 ), the stator unit ( 21 ) with the signal transmission preprocessing unit on the stator ( 17 ) t ( 21 a) and the signal transmission post-processing unit ( 21 m) are attached and on the rotor, the rotor unit ( 22 ) with the signal transmission preprocessing unit ( 22 m) and the signal transmission post-processing unit ( 22 a) are attached. 34. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excitation signal / auxiliary energy transmission unit ( 20 a) with a signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) ( 21 a) on a stator part and the signal transmission post-processing unit (receiver and decoder) ( 22 a) on a rotor part with the actuator signal lines ( 13 , 14 ) of the rotor blade ( 1 ) and the actuator signal output lines ( 13 ', 14 '), which belong to the evaluation unit ( 23 ), are connected , 35. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement signal / auxiliary power transmission unit ( 20 m) with a signal transmission preprocessing unit (encoder and transmitter) on a rotor part ( 22 m) and the signal transmission post-processing unit (receiver and decoder) on the stator part ( 21 m) with the sensor measurement signal lines ( 15 , 16 ) of the rotor blade ( 1 ) and the measurement signal input lines ( 15 ', 16 '), which lead to the evaluation unit ( 23 ) stand. 36. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the signal transmission preprocessing units and the signal transmission post-processing units ( 21 a- 22 a; 22 m- 21 m) each have transmission links ( 57 ) in which the Information / signals and the energy / signals are preferably transmitted on the basis of alternating magnetic fields, radio waves and / or light signals.