CN105307931A

CN105307931A - Energy efficiency improvements for turbomachinery

Info

Publication number: CN105307931A
Application number: CN201380071493.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彼得·艾瑞兰德; 安东尼·艾瑞兰德
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-01-25
Filing date: 2013-01-25
Publication date: 2016-02-03
Also published as: CA2899238A1; EP2948369A1; RU2015131056A; EP2948369A4; WO2014114988A1; RU2642203C2; BR112015017808A2; NZ710406A; AU2013375126A1; JP2016509651A

Abstract

A method and apparatus are disclosed that allow Conformal Vortex Generator art to improve energy efficiency and control capabilities at many points in a turbomachine or device processing aero/hydrodynamic Newtonian fluid-flows.

Description

Improve the efficiency of turbomachinery

Mutual contrast related application:

The application is number of patent application US2011/0006165A1, the applying date is the further part of application on July 8th, 2010 in the American National stage, this application is by U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 61/224,481, the applying date is the non-provisional application derived on July 10th, 2009, and this application is also submit the International Application Serial No. PCT/IB2010/001885 on July 9th, 2010.

Technical field

The invention belongs to the pneumatic/fluid mechanics processing equipment field of Newtonian fluid flowing, utilize the fluid dynamics structure of novel conformal vortex generator (CVG) to improve its efficiency and/or performance.The application that is embedded about typical case or integrated form CVG of this novelty is applicable to many places and task, such as, swash the flow surface of dish, pool sheet leaf grating and dynamic turbomachinery, such as move turbine engine, quiescent dissipation power generation turbine, helicopter, wing and other Newtonian fluid flow applications.

Background technology

The use of extra CVG such as, helicopter corrodes protection system (EPS) under very high radial acceleration, under the gravity of about ten thousand times, can not adhere to and mate less more complicated turbomachinery structure,, need new embedded or integrated form CVG method; The leaf grating of high hardness and environments, the input curved surface of such as high temperature and sharp edges.Extra CVG has an opportunity to stick to paillon foil or body surface design by adhesives, and after fabrication, wherein original paillon foil or body surface design goal or engineering are considered and be not corrected to CVG optimal performance.On the other hand in the integrated CVG technology design process that is included in new paillon foil or the design of fluid flowing control surface and design engineering, and this allows performance, and fluid flowing range of control, the Combination nova of efficiency and manufacture method does not have extra CVG technology.

Gas turbine engine is for using Newtonian fluid on a large scale, calorifics, the well-known case of the combined turbine of material and physical technique, and it is applied to actual fluid flowing process equipment.Each continuous print function block accepts the fluid flowing of some inputs, processes the interface that then this fluid is exported to driving engine next stage by this fluid in some manner.Initial air admission port is the input interface of first fluid, and any cold or thermal exhaust spout exports fluid to ambient atmosphere by final fluid output interface.Turbine engine adopts famous Brayton cycle, its efficiency is correlated with for the final exhaust temperature difference than maximum operating temperature with the flowing of famous thermodynamic cycle theoretical performance, and, about compressor, turbo-machine, burner section and inlet guide vance (IGV), the flow efficiency of flow duct and exhaust pipe, or degradation of energy is correlated with.

In the present invention, described fluid flowing is newton's " fluid " of an operation, is often referred to air or other gas, but effective equally when numerous CVG technical em-bodiments is explained for liquid or mixing phase Reynolds number (Re).According to the known fact, in many turbo-machine paillon foils and gaseous fluid flow design, for convenience's sake, carry out visualization measurement to device, test, such as water tank adopts the method for marker material to observe the effect of visual fluid flowing." fluid flowing " is hereinafter applicable to newton's gas phase and/or liquid phase fluid dynam to correct actual fluid flox condition and Reynolds number.

Engine compressor and the design of turbine blade stators and rotators dish, as row's paillon foil in leaf grating, make full use of air performance, engine geometry and mass flow rate as far as possible.Because stages operating is closer to cooling fluid inlet temperature earlier, " cold-zone " of compressor and possible bypass fan stage and pipeline works under some less demanding environment.The fluid being positioned at these cold-zones improves not have and affects material, the complexity of the high gas temperature of oxidation or other problem, so that is mixed with following general character: rotate, flowing, aeroelasticity, vibrations, tired and pressure.Compressor stage can absorb the 60%+ of the gross energy approximately provided, and this extracted in the turbo-machine stage.Efficiency improvement for all the other turbine output power and exhausr port propelling thrust has very high impact for available output power.

The description of prior art:

Low-pressure turbine (LPT) stage: in modern times multiple concentric rotating shafts engine design, usually energy is obtained in the LPT stage from the mass flow rate of " hot-zone " gas exiting trailing comb camber, this comprises pressure drop, guiding energy is through the innermost axial axle drive shaft of shunting fan to Pan Lu fan, and bearing carries and/or the initial compression machine stage.

Because the blade loads in LPT stage and Zweifel loading coefficient rise, amendment leaf grating intensity, reduce the number of blade, size of engine, weight and cost, the promotion in turbine cascade/reaction paillon foil Problems existing just appears in one's mind out.Under lower Reynolds number, the rotor of " off-design " and stationary blade can experience bad oil suction surface pressure gradient; Pressure gradient guides and thickens boundary 1ayer (BL), transition turbulent flow fluid, and streaming flow is in the low gesture shunting of BL layer, and total streaming flow is shunted or loss efficiency.

McQuilling points out in his paper " design and checking about high-order low-pressure turbine blade ", " high position " (preposition) LPT blade is designed to the similar L2F with enhancing Zweifel coefficient that he proposes, and has surmounted the common case of famous Alexandre Desplat and Whitney Co., Ltd.The design of " Pack-B " blade, may not use any additional flowing modification method, the stall of blade during to offset flow separation or to operate in extreme case or " off-design ".

Wherein, before blade paillon foil, Loading optimization allows oil absorbing surface pressure recover, and to be dispersed to segment length's wing chord distance, so reverse pressure gradient reduces, this improves fluid and flows and decrease being separated of the low-yield and low low BL of kinetic energy.In this case, basis blade fluid flowing, to the reaction etc. of unstable Upstream Wakes, prior art design can be surmounted, but the improvement of final Combination property is to optimize blade loading design, also the low resistance in order to improve flow technique pulls and is separated, and is particularly useful for " off-design " during performance bottleneck.

The case that fluid flowing improves and effect pass through summary and the guidance of Rouser, represent in paper " utilizes whirlpool to suppress the separation of boundary layer in low-pressure turbine blade ", and comprise use eurypalynous surface texture and method perhaps, to form eddy current and to make energy flow to low fluid layer (near foil surfaces) convection current from high-energy fluid layer at all, with again for minimum BL layer provides energy, and prevent from adverse pressure gradient effect and fluid to be flowing in foil surfaces being in advance separated.

Known turbine generator (VG) has some different-effects and benefit for improvement of paillon foil flowing.Projecting device is such as: slope, angled blade, groove, Wheeler slope vortex generator and similar energy produce useful vortex, but can produce extra drag when attempting changing BL flox condition, this can cause tending to lower drag and flow separation loss.In addition, these projecting devices obtain the free stream of energy or low reynolds number from the upper strata thickening BL that energy is more abundant, but have high outstanding subsequently on thinner BL in high reynolds number, and cause the height induction drag at this performance point.The characteristic of these devices is to have the height to BL thickness signal portion, such as, maximum BL in 35-100% or wider VG.

Depression or recessed electrical VG and miniature VG, such as bend and be absorbed in, Wheeler passage or depression, studied widely to be less than the BL degree of depth and to be instructed for the formation of the extra drag more less than protruding-type VG.These devices have different geometries or height at ladder and incline position in chordwise.Bending be absorbed in device be summit towards fluid flow inlet, and this does not meet paillon foil profile.Some are positioned to the miniature VG of low level BL, need the combination of continuous application, to form enough eddy current energy, and in rotating environment, such as, in a blade, these are closely applied and are unfavorable for performance.

Indenture normally one simple and and omnibearing device, as Rouser indication, by large discharge shunting realize lower pull prevention (such as due to low drag golf is flown farther).But departing from the indenture of whirlpool is be less than optimal strength or the compound of the binding ability of free fluid in low BL.

The indenture that BL controls is complicated because performance to geometry and Reynolds number very sensitive, because eddy current pattern is dominant to Reynolds number.Vane type VG has an extra problem, such as the Reynolds number of actual LPT blade, and they become very little, are millimetre-sized, thus have very sharp, tiny and exquisite structure, and is also subject to particle erosion and is oxidized by the Exhaust Gas of heat.Another problem is that the mechanical fatigue of blade causes, during bending blade, stress occurs and concentrates, and these sharp objects are also a kind of risks concerning maintainer.

VG inlet slope (such as Wheeler, the upwards inclined-plane of step cutting face) and VG exit ramp (such as bent recess, step cutting face to lower inclined plane), there is secondary flow structure and potential energy shock wave equally, such as pass or open up along leaf the shape of a hoof whirlpool in direction, shape of a hoof whirlpool is used for preventing energy close coupling to the transfer of outlet wing chord whirlpool.

The research of NASA shows 30 times that distance that eddy current that traditional VG produces is continuously present in flow direction is usually about VG height, 40 times of VG height are about and along person's chord length rear, convection current finally enters higher energy layer from foil surfaces and finally disappears to best.

Rouser also points out other the non-VG method about BL flow control, such as shown in Figure 10, (belonging to McCormick), it is passive porous surface device, it is created high pressure gas before separation by a series of through hole or injection groove or step and is injected on the surface of meiobar.The behavior similar Coanda effect or other strengthen and rise or blow formula method, or other is for the suction method in stable BL region.The problem that certain associated fluid sprays is balance BL and eject momentum, to avoid spraying " hypervelocity " or the flow separation when BL speed reduces, or change flow Re, and extra local BL is destroyed, can be driven before blade surface at it, formation shape of a hoof whirlpool and fluid around the forward edge (LE) of jet stream scapus.

The mixolimnion fluid of Boeing 787 passenger plane reported controls (HLFC) and adopts a kind of technology of porous absorption surface to control for the BL on vertical tail LE, with when such as single engine operation, improve and control flow separation (replacing VG), it adopts the air draught in passive source.The use of porous/grid suction surface has environment blocking entrance, the waste of power of viscous, induction suction power, and compromises in the problem of the intensity needed for composite structure.

Stephens is in US Patent (US#) 2,800,291, Wheeler at US#4,455,045 and #5,058,837, Lin Ke at US#7,900,871, point out with other patents many, additional ramp type VG or the change of similar discrete shape, by thin (non-zero) ingress edge, then extend back in fluid flowing and have a summit increasing height as slope and away from bottom foil surfaces.The geometry of these equipment or form are not conformal on the surface of any bottom paper tinsel.Pointed by Stephens ' 291, knurl block or equal VG structure, such as " 871 can not reduce paper tinsel or body surface attacks the drag of (AOA) at low angle to Rinker.Here " the low angle of attack " is defined as positive number, the angle of attack of zero-sum negative, remarkable Fluid flow is not just had from (such as stall) or the bubble disengagement on paillon foil or body surface lower than this angular dimension, the upstream finally exiting fluid separation of any routine, as at fluid flow outlet, or TE is satisfied under Kutta-Joukowski condition.For most paillon foil, the scope of AoA meets this condition under ± 4 degree, but this is not restrictive, and may be a larger scope in this case, and close to the AoA of stall.Schenk is at US#4, and 354,648 point out the outstanding stream device of stumbling of the BL of low profile, to produce BL turbulent flow and to reduce Airfoil flow separation.Schenk'648 device is not zero entrance height, neither foil surfaces completely conformal, so they are from water chestnut vortex and turbulence induced drag, even if they are designed to less than the VG of prior art.

Small size, discontinuous or Vertex cover and nondirectional turbulent flow are not the methods that actv. BL provides energy again.

The people such as Vijgen at US#5,088, point out a kind of amendment with the paillon foil trailing edge (TE) of additive in 665, with the triangle/tooth array of another one sawtooth panel or element with " improving lift and resistance ".Add additional active pneumatic element outside former paillon foil physical extent from add in advance in the TE foil surfaces of CVG and former paillon foil physical extent or border obviously different.Fritz at US#8,083, also point out the sawtooth in TE additional panels in 488, and it is unique, its patentability has exceeded Vijgen ' 665.Shibata is at US#6, and 830,436, by Feng Kaman street vortex sheet after amendment, point out and state the wind turbine blade with " dentation " or sawtooth be added on TE, to reduce noise and to raise the efficiency simultaneously.Gliebe is at US#6, and 733,240 also point out and claim the serration TE of turbine fan blade, to improve fluid chemical field, reduce noise, and have employed identical aerodynamic effect, its result and Young at US#3,153,319 and Balzer at US#6,612, that points out in 106 is the same.Gliebe'240 does not point out that the drag lower than baseline below reduces design, upset linear TE and significantly can distinguish from CVG, CVG can be added simply before TE in paper tinsel, reduce, and other improved with the drag obtaining exceeding baseline configuration.

This gram of Gourde(G) is in US#7914259, point out that the VG of prior art uses a few row discrete and along wind turbine blade, about 10 degree are increased with VG, if this gram of Gourde(G) ' 259 digital extended baseline stalling incidence in the Fig. 3 by him is to about 16 degree, Fig. 4 shows well-known problem and discrete slope and blade VG's, at low AoA, and at the most about+10 degree baseline stalling incidence time, VG is equipped with blade has more unmodified than baseline for workshop blade high coefficients (C<j).

In US#5069402, fertile meter ampere indicates that prior art uses large vane type VG to produce vortex; then the K/UP one divergent flow surface along such as C-130 rear is propagated; to prevent or to reduce the flow separation (being similar to stall) in face; effectively have high angles of attack or disperse the streamline from fluid flowing, this can produce larger descending whirlpool and high induced drag usually.These fertile meter ampere ' 402 blade VG self produces remarkable list resistance, plays a large amount of reduction downstream separation resistance, so make overall resistance reduce, and in fact, the induced drag of these VG, can only reduce resistance relatively, revises the scene that other are significantly shunted or stagnate stream.

The tending to of slope and blade VG produces non-persistent vortex at paper tinsel on the surface at BL.The eddy current that indenture and projection create, but these are not efficient or have vigor, and projection has the same problem of induction at the excessive resistance of higher BL, because the blade of VG, Reynolds number changes with BL thinning thereupon.

Martin, Mike such as to tie up at people points out vanelets VG in figure 27 helicopter rotor blade increase about 0.01 to 0.015 depth of blade at AIAA paper " Passive Control of compressible dynamic stall ", wherein significantly improve the demand power about 50% of rotor, reduce dynamically employment stall and the Variable Pitch increase blade stalling incidence due to VG simultaneously.Mike ties up at US#7, and 748, point out the VG structure for reducing rotating blades stall/pitching moment and method in the claim in 958, but can not require extra absolute drag reduction capability, it is according to the test result announced and known fluid Neo-Confucianism.

Good fortune mechanical ohm NASA research report " concentrated vortex producer jet supersonic plane be used for control be separated low-pressure turbine aerofoil profile " in point out, initiatively be separated and control to use concentrated vortex producer to spray (VGJs), wherein eddy current is sprayed on by the pulse of tilting flow into thus bring out the tangential vortex flow of BL of local and help in a similar fashion, with the VG of routine at minimizing burbling bubble.The way of good fortune mechanical ohm is, this design is created does not have net flow sound to produce aeropulse stream, thus does not require that afterburning blowing engine fluid flows, and the constant source that cost energy produces is unique.The interaction of Fluid injection and higher flowing BL and momentum layer produces whirlpool but this also produces resistance, and the energy attempting broadly to propagate spanwise puts into BL field below.

But, all these prior aries are problems that design improves aerofoil profile or LPT blades flows and minimizing and is separated, in an actual environment, rotation can additionally be forced, complicated condition, may cause eddy current high at boundary 1ayer with spanwise in paper tinsel outwards to flow path direction.This is due to the fact that, namely centripetal force is tended to after point that vortex is not closely attached to outwardly the physical definition of (radial towards point) substitutes into higher BL fluid flow pattern, the additional blade that they do not have significant forces close is acted on owing to having, because it accelerates with bending path, and because eddy current tends to vacillate dynamic downwards, they to flowing to the Secondary Flow that they can tackle any spanwise, also can be destroyed the top of outboard BL strongly.

In this case, the favourable intention of tangential eddy current not long ago chord produce the BL that rejuvenates and reduce flow point from and resistance is bad, as by people such as Martins, with eddy current precession undercarriage transverse to free stream (whirlpool axle is many in spanwise), wherein tend to below thicken soup BL and increase resistance, and the mode of some confusions to separating effect.This effect has obviously demonstrated the prompting of helicopter rotor blade about 1200 acceleration due to gravity, and one is significantly reduced heart acceleration and runs than under LPT cascade operation environment.More than effect or Convective Vortex in the vortex generator of BL the prior art usually unfavorable environment rotating, as by people such as Martins.

The exhibition of well-known generation eddy current is to freely to flow Aft-, to face step be stranded, and therefore fluid loss and flow disturbance, pointed by Callvert, at AIAA paper " helicopter blade erosion coating aerodynamic effects ".They point out a simple stern towards step spanwise eddy current (namely; at 90 degree to fluid flowing); if the UH-60 of corroding sparring (EPS) at helicopter LE is known to approximately increasing blade drag+5% or more, this depends on the operation point of blade.

When UH-60, the length of later step such as ~ 0.5 height to 5 meter will mean that a stranded spanwise ladder vortex filament has about 10,000 aspect ratios, and not be dynamic stability in this very very thin vortex filament structure of fluid dynamics situation.Rotating foil picture as LE a part helicopter have the countless mechanism of strong disturbance BL horizontal fluid flow.More than the span (or generally radial) secondary-BL flowing trends towards the outboard shear power of driving lower BL impetus layer, makes them flow to paper tinsel chord an angle, and the step of whole EPS, therefore tilts.This provide the power of a strong step vortex bursting, and the motion of paper tinsel is followed the tracks of about adding viscous BL layer, it can force step section, whirlpool heart acceleration under section, whirlpool continues to flow, can metallic paper on BL below the angled span of precession and disturbance and thickening and increase drag losses, measure.Acoustic pressure wave development in LE upstream laminar-flow region Tollmien-Schlictig (TS), is exaggerated, and flow backward and help make the transition BL turbulent flow and hair clip whirling current, these interference also have impact on the frequency stablized and come off in a step whirlpool.It is a beyond thought result, a kind of aft-step can be adopted to arrange to produce drag reduction, lower degradation of energy, improves at baseline or not modified fluid stream surfactant fluid flow efficiency.

Si Difen ' 291, Wheeler with ' 837, auspicious Cole ' 871, Wei Yagen ' 665 etc., and other known prior aries all usually show vortex generator and have the shape of the general triangular form similar with apparent vision, but easily via aerodynamics analysis, it shows that its form and effect obviously separate from the new technical area of CVG.

High-pressure turbine (HPT) stage: as increased to some extent from combustion turbine inlet temperature (TIT), to cause; Better, the point of the consumption of fuel (SFC) of lighter driving engine and improvement reaches the temperature not having nickel based super alloy directly can bear hot gas, and other method all needs the intensity initiatively lowering the temperature and keep under service load shape and engine parts.Typical design employing is released compressor cooling-air; With cool burner, the flow temperature of the point of high-pressure turbine stators and rotators and tube-surface reduces safely, and can adopt as ceramic heat-barrier coating (TBC), to reduce the energy cost of refrigeration as far as possible.The cooling of the reduction of TBC requires and relevant energy cost, because the thermal resistance on surface increases, but remaining thermal flow must remove such base metal keeps cooling to be enough to not be softened or have its alloy crystallization arrangement dislocation.

HPT cools: well-known, about hot cross-section tube-surface and blade (two rotors and stator), this excessive contracting mixes higher and hotter gas or turbulent flow and flows into bottom BL and cause increasing thermal flow and be loaded into parts surface and be subject to thermal current, and adds cooling requirement.Therefore, bad fluid flow separation and turbulent flow are all the problems of efficiency (resistance) and resistance to effect of heat.

The example of prior art is, the US#3 of bold and unconstrained Wald, 527,543 who point out to use vane hole on the surface, cool to the film of blade surface to carry out internal cooling air.The people such as Bird are at US#5, and 193,975 turbine blades pointed out have inner cooling channel, the cooling of pin and the injection of TE groove cooling-air.If the speed forming rectangular flowing main flow and cool stream is not mated and is moved separation edge with concentrated flow because produce unfavorable eddy current and do not converge to very (delicate) sharp edge by the usual unfavorable resistance of the straight flange of spray tank.Ze Lesiji is at US#5, and 378,108 indicate the amendment of TE series, to distribute rationally, only need at oil suction wall thickness definition of T E cool stream on the face and thin TE slot, and to reduce resistance.Green is at US#5, and 374,162 indicate that a kind of cooling of blade LE water source can be effective to change inlet flow angle.The people such as Lee at US#7,011,502 with point out that network sale and cooling bath exit and strangle bridge and cast and arrange, but export still slot and have linear edge problem and bad prospect spape to merge, if fluid flow does not mate, clear-cut margin.

Executing " increases adiabatic membrane cooling performance by using upstream ramp " and replaces mixing of VG with Na at ASME paper and point out to improve adiabatic membrane refrigerating capacity is up to the validity of three factors forward by the inclined-plane that adopts cooling blast egress hole, interior or at fumarole.Here, spanwise (across free stream) eddy current trapping slope passes behind the bad water chestnut vortex caused destroying jet, thus the quality of distributed cooling system conditioner is at whole flow range amendment cooling fluid jet, before, oral pore is ejected to improve heat radiation transverse direction or the span.Configuration display about three times of more effective thermal insulation coolings in this slope/jet are due to slope, but outstanding ramp structure is disadvantageous as previously mentioned, in the increase of form or pressure resistance, at dull and stereotyped baseline.On tiltedly stretch into the added mass of TBC also will needed compared with the layer of hot gas, pointed by them.

So the idea of the slope step of Shi Hena and stranded prospect spape help to propagate refrigerant fluid, cooling transaction improves bad fluid flow resistance efficiency and viscosity loss.This model is configured to slope and only produces eddy current spanwise, does not have tangential vortex at slope edge, as Wheeler VG.Günther Heidemann points out " anti-whirlpool " upstream to flivver in report by NASA " anti-turbine film cooling design numerically modeling at high foaming rate, ", its role is to the unfavorable kidney-vortex reducing main cooling spray jet to greatest extent.The method is to attempt propagate adiabatic cooling spanwise and avoid jet-propelled stripping, and wherein jet flow is separated from surface, but does not point out to reduce paper tinsel drag losses or turbine drag efficiency as combination.

Turbulator can also be configured to triangle, slope, V-arrangement etc., the inside of cooling system conditioner pipe arrangement flowing, rotor blade, stator and the thermal current surface of the passage (HPT) of inner snakelike cooling cooling high-pressure turbine.In this case, flowing geometric construction, is different from CVG, to provide the BL fluid backup on maximum flow turbulence Hybrid Heating surface to cooling core maximizes fluid flow heat trnasfer or heat conductivity and radiating efficiency, no matter resistance is induced.The step on surface here or V-arrangement eddy current and turbulent flow are brought out structure and are constructed aviation and dynamically close up and make cooling fluid can not be reorganized into level and smooth flowing to decay as whirlpool.Obviously this is not that fluid flow that the low resistance manipulation that is separated with turbulent flow BL is actual to be enhanced, and to improve by the Heat transmission of working fluid, therefore, the structure of these prior aries is obviously different from CVG.

HPT heat-proof quality: point out engine blade coating at US#2757105 and Haas gram in US#5260099 spy, point out plasma spraying method at US#4303693.The people such as island point out the turbine blade of ' tiling ' or column heat insulating coat (TBC) at US#5630314, the beautiful plasma spraying ceramic coat waiting people US#5705231 to point out presplitting or segmentation in Nice, there is good resistance to abrasion and resistance to flaking, in the temperature of gas generator turbine.Beautiful and the prior art in Nice also point out to spread between two parties or be worth surperficial bonding coat (such as MCrAlY's; calorize; aluminium oxide etc.); to improve the adhesive bonding property of pottery; improve matched coefficients of thermal expansion, provide one have ductility cambic horizon and provide the thermal oxidation protective of increase as basalis nickel superalloy be generally used for high machinery and the assembly of thermal stress.

The people such as this Osuald Spengler point out to apply one or more ceramic TBC layer to a turbine blade at US#4576874, to improve durability, and application-specific pottery at high temperature closer to operating conditions, so when being recycled to cooling vessel state, pottery is in anxiety, and be not easy cracking peel off and.Si Anmeng indicates the laser separation of TBC at US#6224963, to reduce spallation problems, if coating layer portion wearing and tearing or mechanical damage.Therefore, an important problem, is mechanical resistant damage with what apply TBC at turbine stage, peels off the optimum matching with different heat expansion coefficient, to guarantee heat, and the best results resistance of inertia loading and chemical corrosion.

Compressor performance: the efficiency of compressor is very important, and intrinsic BL345 controls, the separation of fluid flowing can be delayed, make stators and rotators blade to operate closer to its uncontrolled separation condition, achieve higher diffusion coefficient, higher angle of not turning one's head, the pressure increase that higher blade loading allows each stage higher.In addition the problem propagated between multiple stages (rotor/stator dish to) that compressor has flow separation can cause perfect fluid to flow puncturing, surge/watt loss and extreme, engine breakdown.

Paillon foil oil suction in the face of fluid stream motion can be used for reduce flow point from.

Compressor rotor and stationary blade be much thin and few cambered surface part stage of turbine paper tinsel such as, so remove the gallery of internal flow, to allow fluid flowing harvesting jet to be challenging manufacture, but in the ordinary course of things, the close neutral stress axle of most central vane material, so some significantly can not remove inertia and the strength of sacrificial section.Certain rill buret easily blocks, and also has the derivable water chestnut vortex of this jet, if do not controlled the problem that may be peeled off.Less jet engine is typically employed in the high-pressure stage centrifugal compressor of existing burner section.

Fan level: the CD of fan rotor blade or actuator is made into high strength titanium or fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) usually as blade fluid flow structure, usual conversion torque walks around engine core from the LPT stage to cold cross section thrust, to increase such as, pick the thrust ratio of power joint 5 to 10:1 at Gao Duoke.Fiberglass blade making case such as carbon fiber and epoxy resin or other resin (even metal blade) are subject to from rain, hail or sand or other take in little FOD object, even air pumicite, the optimum air dynamic performance that LE corrodes and three-dimensional (3D) is highly shaping and laminar flow.

" example that/3.1m diameter GE90 composite material fan adopts, blade has the titanium of embedded compound 3D shape processing LE bar to provide the erosion of protection to picture 123, and takes and survive the shock of FOD object as small bird.

Be a point to the interface between the EPS bar of LE and rear composite structure, inevitably there is little gap, can be peeled off or Corrosion developing by vibration or stress induced edge, then allow bad span eddy current.Preferred flushing LE bar provides minimum erosion to protect painted surface transition immediately then peelable time service, upsets air-flow, causes after extra resistance and degradation of energy.

Serration paper tinsel or health TE such as all arrangement Ge Libei ' 240, also introduce one as 291 13 of Si Difen and emphasize and the TE aeroelasticity surface of necessarily most thin foil, then can become the mechanical stress concentration point of site fatigue cracking initiation and propogation.

Noise and LEBU: cold/heat pipe stream mixing: Young 319 indicates polytype tooth and similar three-dimensional arrangement, to increase the mixing of stream, breaks eddy current and thus decreases flow of hot exhaust to flow velocity-gradient and noise generation mechanism jet engine.

Ba Erzeer ' 106 points out that the expansion of exhaust nozzle font improves waste gas streams mixing, to reduce engine noise.Boeing 787 machinery space adopts Ba Erzeer ' 106 type sawtooth, to reduce the noise of driving engine, but the flow obtained also can not act on and be connected to aerodynamics bodywork surface, but it is cold at one, the free stream border of the BL between hot fluid flowing stream, so these vortexs are only used to reduce Noise Spectrum Radiated for flowing mixing.This structure is reported to reduce noise, but increases resistance, flows stratification again as expected, and only bring out vortex fluid flowing momentum and loss for vortex does not improve BL.

Pipeline stream current reference: the people such as Lu Tejin to point out in one at US#2011/0300342 can the metal substrate of indentation, form overhead vertical member (wall), round the array of pocket or blind depression, and then by mechanical stamping/distortion amendment, form the type that outstanding lip is all intended to the prior art of the ceramic TBC of then mechanical caging and maintenance and stable top coating.This is the part of " tiling " ceramic Cheng Geng little, with the derivant of the previous art trapped with retain the TBC of cracking so peel off the part with TBC loss reduction.

Lu Tejin ' 342 indicates that par, impression its underpart 50 is specifically noted, and the problem wanting this design of right angle lip sidewall 54 to have is, the part of the load pointing out to tie at right angle (mixing or transition and radius little) and mechanical vibration forms stress and concentrates, and its effect is that minimizing fatigue life and material cracking start to provide a point.The root radius of superior and different formation sidewall and maximum possible allows inertia to add the local moment to be increased considerably, and define stronger bearing beam extension from the surface loaded, this also supports this surface, is conducive to reducing mode of vibration and bending or deflect.Certainly, this is that bending mode large discharge control surface that is simple or compound will resist pressure and inertial load effect power, there is resistance to aeroelasticity effect, but it is useful for having lip sidewall to contribute to improving structure efficiency (overall strength in every respect with total mass), and abandons in this Lu Tejin prior art.

The vibration that flexure stress causes is unfavorable for depending on of TBC " tile ".

In addition, the formation clamping lip part 28 of Lu Tejin and 28' are usually located at the level and smooth TBC coating of the thinnest point of final profile (as shown in his Fig. 5 and 6), thus take action by carrying out maximum thermal load at TBC above hot gas.Here Lu Tejin's is that the sidewall 54 of straight two-sided impression does not provide refrigerant fluid or lower than the minimum thermal resistance of gas substantially, do as a big-wall root radius, so be not the configuration of best heat trnasfer, to keep lip part (wall top) metal field, there is the highest thermal stress, in lowest possible temperature, to obtain the Strength and Dformation/creep resistance of best metal.Lu Tejin ' 342 indicates that TBC protection is applied to dominant static pipe surface, but allows this TBC can add in the project of the protection of TBC needed for other to go, but only indicates thermal effect benefit and absolute surface or form resistance and lower performance.

The patent US4076454 of Wennerstrom company teaches and settles other blade vortex producer at the inlet duct place entering axial compressor.He not instruction can not require the feature reducing the resistance of ducting, vortex generator keeps the unsegregated fluid flowing of downstream blade for helping, and in pipeline or the diffuser benefit without any drag reduction.The flowing that static rotor enters pipeline changes the flow separation characteristic teaching and use eddy current indirectly to improve the rotatable compressor blades in downstream.

Cabin and annex suspension bracket: working fluid and gas enter modern fanjet such as the CFM-56 on a Boeing-737-600, ambient cabin carefully to be designed, most of nacelle serve as initial internal disperse-manage or spread with slow down import into fluid flowing, first order fan section and compressor stage can be operated when not having their cascade blade to assist, becoming hyprsonic and producing high loss hyprsonic or Mach shock wave.At high wing/cabin angle of attack, some cabin initial internal divergent fluid streams can separate from interior cabin wall under disavantage, to avoid this situation, the amount of restriction diffuse flow control must be adopted or initiatively suck control before flabellum and add described inner surface of pipeline to alleviate flow separation.Cold segment pipe from fan portion leave be traveling in downwards in and outer catheter surface divergence then assemble pipeline, like this can by flowing domination, as the recess eddy current on Taylor-Gortler (TG).Pass through other aircraft vortex trails and also may cause the problems such as whole engine transients stream annex and surge.

Boeing-737-600, Air Passenger 319 and C-17 all probably to teach after about cabin collar extension LE the example that and/or 10 orientation machinery spaces use big leaf's slice or impeller vortex generator at 2, to guarantee be flowing in attachment on At High Angle of Attack in the external fluid on surface, cabin, top and suitably flow behind at attachment tower, and with current downflow more than wing, with the minimum flow disruption needed and turbulent flow loss.At these vortex generators that cruise in minimum angle of attack, because do not need at vortex, reduce so numerous and confused and form resistance, but always there is more form and skin resistance.On the whole, this configuration is not the configuration of the minimum drag producing eddy current, interacts to improve cabin/suspension bracket/wing/fuselage stream.

Cabin/engine hanger is another aspect of stream interface problem, because interference and quadratic effect need fairing to control the loss of resistance and fluid flowing.This is applicable to the aerodynamic of all connections and the equipment at such as wing or external fuselage, as; Hanger carry additional fuel tank, wing tip fuel tank or other gondolas or structure are as VOR blade antenna, and it can by the pitching of aircraft and driftage and Secondary Flow whirlpool and disadvantageous lift, and flow point causes from, dynamical instability and flow interaction and resistance.These problems are also present in the example in hydrodynamics, as a hydrofoil adheres to direct or connection etc.

Leon teaches in US Patent No. 5156362 and uses the engine compartment airflow of telescopic vane type vortex generator to be separated control.The upper limb of blade is conformal to be connected to cabin and to have air-flow when retracting.When starting vortex generator, blade surface and flow surface be at angle and also be not harmonious and surface, cabin, and when cruising induced drag, why Here it is will adopt is retracted and the technical characteristic of mechanical compound.This blade vortex producer is that the energy of the maximum above-mentioned-BL free fluid flowing of numerous BL thickness results is in height to bring out strong vortes interference when disposing.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is the energy efficiency and the ability that improve turbomachinery, equipment and process, the flowing of input Newtonian fluid, uses the conformal vortex generator process based on fluid flow modifier technology, then exports the flowing of this fluid.Processing equipment increases or extracts energy or merit from the flowing of this Newtonian fluid, and/or deflects and amendment rate of flow of fluid, pressure and/or momentum.

The comprehensive conformal vortex generator of this novelty the embodiment of prior art intention just " green ", and allow to reduce using and relevant CO2 emissions of energy.

Be different from prior art, new integrated conformal vortex generator is effective vortex generator of cascade, can reduce resistance, particularly when the low angle of attack in the environment rotated.Integrated conformal vortex generator effect can strengthen at paper tinsel or blade, induction adds the separation that BL fluid flow energy postpones further at larger suction surface stern paper tinsel passively, by adopting the flowing of results acting face fluid, or other fluid source, controlled by flowing, be re-oriented and inhale path, face with benefited stall or Fluid flow from performance.

The raising output fluid flowing that can be configured to of conformal vortex generator mixes and reduces hydrodynamic noise and do not induce increase resistance and degradation of energy.Machinery space, the aerodynamics surface and interfaces such as hanger are areas, and the flow control technique of its drag reduction and improvement also can make new conformal vortex generator be benefited.

Centrifugal compressor, and even mix discharge pattern impeller and diffuser, fluid pump, turbochargers etc., benefit from BL flow control, reduce using new integrated conformal vortex generator to greatest extent, thus reduce, fluid flow resistance, flow separation/cavitation also creates acoustic noise on impeller, and diffuser vane and associated fluid flowing control structure.

In fact be generally fluid flow conduits or the surface-limited device (inside and outside flowing) that Newtonian fluid flows through a pipe or other types in the improvement of flow duct and such as driving engine S-pipeline, it allows the conformal vortex generator flow control methods of instructing herein, be applied to wall, surface, pipe, the fluid flowing control surface that the currently available technology such as conduit and any flow control structure uses.

New conformal vortex generator structure produces lasting vortex and significantly not to consume energy Crossflow Structure, and the maximum flower of passage, and optional energy flows to whirlpool, and the surperficial convection current to downstream fluid flow, resist and depart from vortex.This provide a kind of excellent method, when working when non-separation of the fluid system and/or off-design, advantageously revise any surface and the flowing of BL fluid, to provide anti-current to be separated, reduce absolute resistance, and demonstrate this reduction resistance.A basic integrated conformal vortex generator structure demonstrates these characteristics, and when being integrated into engine or fluid flow control device and surface, can be configured to significantly improve prior art in many application site and embodiment.

Accompanying drawing illustrates (10 pages)

Institute's drawings attached is not all pro rata, but describes the feature of many embodiment for illustrative purposes in detail.

Fig. 1 a illustrates low-pressure turbine stator or the details of rotor blade when integrated conformal vortex generator embeds.Fig. 1 b shows the details in the surface pressure face of the integrated conformal vortex generator of LPT, and Fig. 1 c shows the view of viewing suction face or upper surface, comprises the conformal vortex generator of optional blade tip and the conformal vortex generator of secondary.

Fig. 2 a details the further example that low-pressure turbine stator or rotor blade have the embedding of integrated conformal vortex generator, and the cross-sectional plane with butt represents an embodiment example of dilatant flow control jet and the vortex expansion slot optionally adding suction surface.Fig. 2 b shows pressure-in the face of conformal vortex generator recess and/or most advanced and sophisticated optional controls collection of collecting.Fig. 2 c shows through the cross section of an angled suction face towards conformal vortex generator step below and air-flow details.

Fig. 3 detail display LPT stator or rotor blade and root hinge faciola, also show amendment; Cutting, the conformal vortex generator of Bei Hefeng of twice is most advanced and sophisticated along with the asymmetric and conformal vortex generator arrangements of steps of expansion and the conformal vortex generator of contoured hub end wall.

Fig. 4 a details the example that the stator of low pressure compressor (LPC) or rotor blade suction face have the part that the embedding of the conformal vortex generator of integrated pinnacle version and cross-sectional plane are cut, and controls for additional jet flow.LPC stator shown in Fig. 4 b or rotor blade acting face are with optional a part of; Control from acting face conformal vortex generator recess and/or most advanced and sophisticated bleeding point.Fig. 4 b also show avette pressure surface conformal vortex generator array version with from the different spacing and the skew that meet the conformal vortex generator array in suction face.

Fig. 5 a details fan blade suction surface and metal LE and corrodes the example that boundary belt and optional most advanced and sophisticated elasticity rising reinforcing band (eLET) unload front end load.Fig. 5 b details the acting face of fan blade alternatively; Embedded conformal vortex generator, elasticity rising reinforcing band (ELET), sharp conformal vortex generator and the example being configured for other jet vectorings.

The suction face of pressure turbine stator and rotor blade that Fig. 6 a details cooling embeds the example of integrated conformal vortex generator, shows an optional example; Flow control and cooling blast and the conformal vortex generator array of secondary.Fig. 6 b shows the conformal vortex generator array of HPT stator or rotor pressure surface and optional embedding; Flow control and cooling jet, the conformal vortex generator array of secondary, groove array is launched in the cooling of TE pin and TE cools reinforcing band array.

Fig. 7 details outflow wheel and optional diffuser vane, and the flow control surface of integrated conformal vortex generator.

Fig. 8 details machinery space, the setting of hanger and wing, illustrates the position that conformal vortex generator can be used for improving energy efficiency.

Fig. 9 a and 9b details fluid flow conduit and adds the example that conformal vortex generator array improves flowing and energy efficiency.

Figure 10 a shows embossing on integrated conformal vortex generator platform and muscle and enters pipe surface panel and optimize upper shown " inside face " integrated polygonized structure.These polygons are configured, and with large radius (on-right angle) rib base beam intensity and high-termal conductivity, flow with the minimum material weight of the cooling of inside, and the opposite side of this plate has a gained conformal vortex generator step array (not shown) to flow in external fluid, as the conformal vortex generator array of TBC in figure 10b.Figure 10 b depicts the additional TBC of Figure 10 a conduit (or blade) application and the alternate version interlocking into Polygonal arrays.And illustrate film cooling and flow attachment and BL improvement jet.

Figure 11 a adopt conformal vortex generator the section-drawing of Combustion chamber design; Reduce resistance and degradation of energy, improve fuel oil and spray and mixing.Figure 11 b represents the alternate embodiment of a modification; A ceramic body and wall and conformal vortex generator array limit the volume in fuel-rich hole.

Detailed description of the invention

For implementing the example that best mode of the present invention is turbofan, it can instruct many typical pattern and methods for using thems, can suitably configure integrated conformal vortex generator by application and realize.Fanjet provides the example of quite a large amount of conformal vortex generators of useful Integrated predict model, because it have employed the flowing of a large amount of fluid dynamics surface treatment Newtonian fluids to produce useful work and effect.This example is only a kind of form of fluid flow mechanism, it adopts a gas as working fluid, but most of conformal vortex generator method can be adapted to adopt liquid phase or mixed phase newton physical fluid and obtain similar improvement simply, as many useful example resistances be separated/air pocket reduce, by convergent-divergent with realize; Speed, pressure, Reynolds number, fluid-phase (gas/liquid State Transferring) and kinetic viscosity.

Fig. 1 a marks 1 and describes isolated low-pressure turbine (LPT) rotor or stationary blade " pours " curved surface profile reaction into, with usually adopt around rotor or stator reaction and get excited and diffusion the example butt CD stylized in cascade system.For the purpose of demonstrating simply, this example is distortion and/or taper typical case; Radial constant speed of response distribution is from rotor (reaction) and stator (diffusion) paper tinsel, and the combination that Secondary Flow controls.The annex of root of blade, hub and most advanced and sophisticated wall, and also for clarity sake the eliminating of the blade of adjacent overlap and upstream actuator, they are used in the fluid dynamic field of final design known those skilled in the art cascade.Mark 2 is protruding oil suction face downstream surface, and recessed pressure surface downstream surface is then region 3.The blade input angle that fluid or hot gas arrive design defines local paper tinsel or the surface operation angle of attack, and flow process is being cut in the punishment of LE viscous flow line 4, and this sucks and acting face geometric configuration and fluid dynamic power owing to crossing.When for rotation slurry dish, the paper tinsel on blade carries out work, and after producing force vector (towards meeting side, suction face), then working fluid exits in designed output blade outlet angle at trailing edge 5 (TE).Blade lifting strength tangentially solve turbo-machine around rotor axis produce from described axial direction backward input fluid flowing and resolve the Energy transmission torque resistance of vector component or the energy and the bad loss of momentum and cause across an additional loss of pressure.

The input angle of design is inlet flow body source and the output angle of the fluid conveying upstream exported after conformal vortex generator process, definition energy, peak volume can be extracted from the inlet flow body source flowed at cascade throttling bodies, suppose that the fluid in this section flows to turbulent flow in order to minimizes energy losses in this operation point, be separated and viscous loss.

Some flox condition and the non-design of such as low reynolds number with best suck the pressure that faces minimum experience time, which increase the loss of cascade, reduce efficiency, add driving engine SFC.Centripetal acceleration when crossing the acting face 3 of depression and the fluid pressure produced also may bring out the formation that degradation of energy and BL thicken such as TG eddy current.Cooling usually at LPT blade not necessarily because air-flow by HPT turbine portion significantly cool with temperature then such as low nickel based super alloy blade material can process safely.

In order to help the flow improving whole suction face, remotivate boundary 1ayer, BL, line of flow is useful, makes them have enough momentum, to keep flowing and attached close scraper after suction pressure, in disadvantageous pressure recover gradient-peak line, 10, when fluid flowing lump reduces speed now, due to various places flox condition local surfaces.Very minimum two-layer in order to provide more energy of flow to be converted into the suction surface downstream on BL, upper strata shape eddy generator (conformal vortex generator) array 6 is designed and manufactures, as integrated or in the acceleration stream of suction face the intrinsic embedding region of forward direction part, and the convection current that the object of this structure is the sub-fraction accelerating the free stream fluid flow energy entered to be converted to is conformal vortex generator prompting from top, the eddy current of the contrarotation that 7 arrays are strong backward, and the suction that can provide is in the face of being similar to conventional vortex generator, this environment separation that in fact it can not be used in complicated flowing and little geometric configuration controls.

Above-mentioned integrated conformal vortex generator depression points 8 is positioned at rotor direction, therefore enters fluid stream and moves entrance 9 at suction surface current on the face, and interception and experience are to the step limit 24 of afterbody Fig. 2 a of bifurcation angle.This flow at high speed is still parallel or tangent is sucking the blade surface or paper tinsel design idea that the flowing entrance 9 in face enters, and experience a flow separation (cross sectional drawing 2c step shears stall spot 27), lower flow flowing fluid layer all along with the truncation limit of these steps after, this is because stream can not follow downwards step top profile by sharply turning.

The step-down stream separation device arranging inclination starts to roll the part that the more low-yield and BL that the is bottom of separation imports the quality of fluid stream into, formed combine with free-pouring eddy current, as the mark 25 of Fig. 2 c, extend and along step bottom margin and back upward conformal vortex generator projection 7 flow into.This step eddy current from other be included in opposite rotate detect whirlpool shearing or cut objective minimum energy lower enter fluid impetus layer, then meet the one side with balancing front-ends, then they flow the surface of combining closely along chord of blade at the eddy current of contrarotation backward.The flowing momentum layer do not sheared entered and above-mentioned quite not obtaining roll into the continuation of step eddy current backward as outlet high-energy stream 23, at the top having grade vortex structure with the past, then initial speed component is downwards used, again additional downstream surface exports-simplifies again attachment position 28 (Fig. 2) in step, for higher energy and thinner BL thickness reduce now; The upheaval of transition, this downstream BL area resistance loss between hair clip vortex structure and conformal vortex generator tip.Therefore, conformal vortex generator step geometry serves as " BL-chopping machine " and creates favourable eddy current, but also provide the downstream of the step-length of a controollable BL again between layered effect body tip, to reduce the surface of resistance ratios unmodified, particularly in zero low front and negative.

This is the extra drag reduction mechanisms that a conventional vortex generator does not possess, because they are known resistances being increased in zero-sum low positive and negative angle of attack value, wherein the angle of attack extended capability of vortex generator is inactive.Normal BL gradient when BL velocity vector Figure 33 of entrance shows from low superficial velocity to the higher BL increased.In the step in downstream, outlet BL flow-rate vectors Figure 34 shows, and the cohesive resistance that these lower BL layers have larger speed and improvement has exceeded and is stripped to 655 step vortexs via described conformal vortex generator point vortex pair, then sprays minimum input layer.The nominal top of BL or free stream velocity is indicated as stream line pattern Vtop.

Described conformal vortex generator step eddy current 25 backward along the mode measurable and controlled continuously of best in quality cumulative length and angle, and be different from such as retain that chaos vortex is long opens up rearwardly step.The sharp eddy current of this conformal vortex generator is very fierce and stablizes geometrically and gather in the crops high efficiency energy flowing and fluid mass and momentum from intercepting and capturing or cross the region of conformal vortex generator step along the whole shear flow of width enforcement flow gauge.Described conformal vortex generator point eddy current also serves as conventional vortex producer at the high angle of attack, now they have influence on downstream BL and can decompose any formation fluid flow separation bubble and structure around, and this allows the difference according to paper tinsel design, the blade stall angle of attack has been expanded approximately+5 degree.The energy affect flowed by conformal vortex generator point eddy current vortex filament and extra fluid in BL neighbouring area, is also tending towards suppressing hair clip eddy current, and thickens the BL regional channel near this.Therefore the prolongation of conformal vortex generator, may reduce the range of control of degradation of energy process or local fluid flow surface from baseline surface structure.

It should be noted that the design being designed with its " normal or desirable " geometric surface of the blade surface up to this up-to-date technology of separation point, to guarantee effective entrance that fluid flows, so the resistance that increases of any upstream of step before not inducing or water chestnut vortex.Ramp type, wheeled or vane type vortex generator is made great efforts to produce vortex and is run in the opposite direction from correct or desirable blade plan form in this position, the distance that poor efficiency invades enters higher BL flowing, creates more resistances.

Because integrated conformal vortex generator element or the array LE effectively defined needed for newly-designed benchmark enter surface or paper tinsel profile design (equaling the design of desirable paper tinsel), step tail section curved surface design below, is stepped into the design idea of this new integrated conformal vortex generator of surface now effectively.By this way, new design paper tinsel or surface keep being set in the correct fluid flowing of critical laminar flow LE part, as the design of former paper tinsel, so inwardly shunk by the step offset now at afterbody.For interpolation conformal vortex generator be in paper tinsel or surface design, do not configure or adjust conformal vortex generator in addition, LE entrance is effectively thickened, and by as in application region the conformal vortex generator array films/step thicknesses of double interpolation.

At their work and the very minimum boundary 1ayer of process, to pass through afterbody step (any height) be unique to conformal vortex generator, and the wing chord low pressure of centre wherein that generation is combined closely stagnates the maintenance of string continuing primary point vortex filament line and downstream blade intimate surface contact, jointly even have very high centripetal acceleration and Secondary Flow on the face of BL level.

Traffic visualization teaches lifting airscrew blade 1, the speed of the radial head acceleration/accel of 200 gravity and 700fps, this conformal vortex generator point vortex pair stagnates the dust on coil cover surface, and " fence " this and minimum BL flows into effectively, keep tangential at blade, on the face of the secondary gas flows such as strong diametral load, that thoroughly will remove dust from blade, not use this conformal vortex generator technology newly.The flow distribution of this strong step and chordwise eddy current explains can effectively taking away energy from the higher fluid flow momentum layer that imports into and propagate this tangential and span direction and help to control any stern area (namely towards trailing edge 5) of conformal vortex generator, attempts forming stream separate bubble and being separated.

Main conformal vortex generator point vortex pair and step eddy current have many secondary vortexs of being associated and tend to equilibrium of pressure and momentum whirlpool gradually, are minimized so cut in the structure of described conformal vortex generator and the afterbody stream of step.

Along conformal vortex generator step, dust accumulation teaches step surface and base portion is also stagnant wake, and it is higher, minimum rank and low-momentum BL stream are separated into the elementary plug tip vortex pair of supply, residue more up, then energy and higher momentum layer can find an actv. flow path slightly under reconnect as new stronger downstream BL between conformal vortex generator tip.Note, main conformal vortex generator eddy current to can be made into little physical dimension scope and; The thickness of step and BL, and the top Secondary Flow not usually being exposed to the BL of the theory freely to flow or more.This allows conformal vortex generator eddy current at the minimum level of BL by the possibility of flooding completely, and the eddy current produced relative to other machineries of such as NASA report in downstream direction geometry are more lasting and effectively.Inlet flow is not had to lose the water chestnut vortex produced between conformal vortex generator in array.

Other vortex generator structure of great majority have very high resistance (as outstanding ramp type), structure exquisiteness (vane type), be limited to geometry, do not produce lasting and vortex under water or produce low-yield eddy current (as ripple) or be subject to the eddy current of secondary flow and effect.The active flow control apparatus of prior art on blade as; Angled jet and synthesizing jet-flow can add again boundary 1ayer reduce flow point from, but the entice energy loss shape of a hoof or kidney vortex only affect and flow to attachment point in limited scope, and general all more complicated, and do not show significant drag reduction when the geometric configuration that baseline is unmodified.

Again stimulate the afterbody of the conformal vortex generator in BL region to allow blade to expand its non-stall (low resistance) elevation angle, approximately+5 spend, and before being separated, last bubble is formed and resistance increase, and lift reduces simultaneously.The A-curve of this improvement elevation angle expansion has appeared at different test paper tinsels, teaches fluid flow physics and expands the geometric configuration of whole blade well and renumber.This is that the improvement of LPT blade allows the design hub angle (increase Zwiefel coefficient) of the new Design of Cascade increased compacter, less level turbine and/or the design of compressor cascade, or can use simply, have larger opereating specification to allow the preferred compositions for the non-design of new cascade operation or these possibilities.

Another valuable characteristic in this new conformal vortex generator field is that this blade drag is compared baseline and significantly reduced-5% to-10% in same lift and the angle of attack, incides close to angle of stall(ing) from zero.This is owing to a fact, and the suction face namely reactivated BL also has higher speed and thinning, thus produces and produce the less chaotic fluid loss of lift simultaneously.It is passive that conformal vortex generator array eddy current and BL excite, and produces a very effective mode, and can not affect the blade drag performance of design negatively, but can by reducing it and strengthen in fluid flow region.

For an integrated conformal vortex generator array 11 in bottom, an example of the conformal vortex generator paddy in bottom is shown in 12, and this also inwardly enters blade foil profile, with formed aft angled-face class in the mode identical with top conformal vortex generator array 6.Acting face has different tangential pressure and velocity distribution, but bottom conformal vortex generator paddy 12 is configured in a kind of mode similar with top conformal vortex generator paddy 8, an example in the conformal vortex generator array 6 in top.

Paper tinsel test teaches some blades and drags and improve from also comprising the conformal vortex generator array 11 in bottom, and it can improve flowing on paper tinsel acting face and destroy such as because recessed centripetal force flows the TG vortex formed by stress.Bottom conformal vortex generator array 11 also serves and makes downstream pressure face BL layer subtract thin, and it reduces turbulent flow and resistance.

It can design and handle blade together with any one or two conformal vortex generator arrays, but suction face conformal vortex generator array solves the flow separation problem of the LPT blade suction face that above-mentioned main prior art is generally acknowledged.

The shock wave of cascade can be formed and interference blade channel flow from such as suction face pressure recovery stream, if particularly the TE structural thickness inducer blade channel flow of blade is suffocated and the shock wave of gained flows at certain fluid.The conformal vortex generator whirling current shock shock-boundary of planning can be used at λ-pin shock wave separation interaction (SBLI) impact and degradation of energy, fluid flowing control surface and the pipeline that alleviate paper tinsel.

Configuration and the design of effective conformal vortex generator are operated in geometric configuration in very wide scope well by them, and easily can regulate the fact help meeting particular requirement.Test shows, as in the smoothing range that the result of conformal vortex generator geometric figure modification normally changes, does not have rapid fluctuations or singular point, and that is, they publicly cross over the performance of large-scale design condition.Because conformal vortex generator always starts the bottom at BL, they to outside BL, can not be worth intrusion in any reality again.

The configuration of effective conformal vortex generator and design be operated in geometric configuration in very wide scope well by them, and the fact that can easily regulate to meet particular requirement is helped.Test shows, as the modification of conformal vortex generator geometric figure result normally change smoothing range in, do not have rapid fluctuations or singular point, that is, they are crossed over large-scale design condition in public affairs and have good performance.Because conformal vortex generator always starts the bottom at BL, they to outside BL, can not invade under any reality is worth again.

Whirlpool to start under the standard atmosphere renumberd about 300, and to have enough energy about 30,000 be useful.Nearly weigh 30,000 to 500,000, LPT blade wherein can operate, and conformal vortex generator can be configured to provide improvement.From 500,000 again to such as, 10+ 1,000,000, conformal vortex generator s are at separating foil and base portion and fluid dynamics structure, and it is very effective for comprising turning unit.Note, conformal vortex generator step can be to the sub-fraction of BL height at operating position, and still produce very strong and useful fluid flow control ability, but in more generally situation, and rework a little different, also effectively can be used as the even-multiple of the BL thickness of major part or local.

Conformal vortex generator or conformal vortex generator briefly can be described as fluid flowing and change element and design together with following: the streamline that the configuration of (a) a kind of low-loss entry itself and table of articles surface current move matches, b () a kind of intercepts stream prismatic stern and is communicated with this level of shear towards step flows along output surface with the minimum step whirlpool that cuts into of induce the fluid stream of inflow, exit point to (c) accumulates step whirlpool shear flow to remove, (d) balance of the non-shear layer of the higher energy entered is made, to re-establish and more high-octane new downstream side interlayer.

Described conformal vortex generator stream prismatic step is configured in the streamline vector of about 1 degree of angles (air is as work Newtonian fluid) spanwise relative to described local inlet flow usually, but by the change of some performances around this approximate nominal value operation, the condition of working fluid is depended at definite angle therewith.Therefore, it is adjustable any conformal vortex generator step angle is different local flow direction, such as, be integrated in concentrator stream and be optimized and most advanced and sophisticated value wall and analogue.

Conformal vortex generator step is generally and namely then produces lasting and stable outgoing end vortex pair with prompting towards rear to chevron pointing or triangular shape structure in rear prompting, with the array of different angles of multiple adjacent conformal vortex generator nosing structure that can be combined into type variable skew, step geometry and shoulder height and step-length, to allow change under inlet flow vector condition.The accurate control that conformal vortex generator design geometries allows fluid to flow on the difference of the face area be configured together with them.Conformal vortex generator be configured to a given morphology, a feature; Rise, length and angle, and can be selected for the LPT chord of blade that such as 50mm is wide and such as to exist: 22 degree of local angle's fluids flowing intercepts, the 3mm step-length of triangular form, the rise of lOOum (micron) and around this high flow rate laminar flow transition region, for expection weight values and typical blade foil portion are divided.

The initial point value of these geometry can easily be revised, and then confirms as the best, and by step test and the TEMPEST performance measurement of a series of actual blade, but it is unpractiaca for adding conformal vortex generator under this LPT environment, because volume is little, and operational stresses induced.Described conformal vortex generator shoulder height is adjustable in wide region, and be configured to produce along step edge be weight values design operation within the scope of abundant whirlpool, suppress incident lower BL to flow into the wise level of the tangential vortex of master simultaneously.This conformal vortex generator method of designing also can be used advantageously on fixing stationary blade array, to reduce resistance and front increase hub angle ability, insures before off-design is separated and is a problem again different.

Exhibition is to step along metal foil surface, with right angle or 90 degree of direction flowings, typically catch the unmodified blade of baseline of a chaos span step eddy current and known increase resistance more than about+5%, and when best be present tense this step be resolve into if conformal vortex generator section is flowing at about 22 degree of angles, with about drag reduction-10%, but these numerals are not restrictive.What is interesting is, test show one the worst when drag when being greater than 90 degree (towards the linear stern in step edge), when conformal vortex generator step is the flowing at about 60 degree, wherein, described step cumulative length is longer.This shows, step eddy current at some time is overdrived by accumulation low energy fluid quality in step whirlpool size and flow, and start the inflow flow streamline being expanded into obstruction, therefore conformal vortex generator mechanism becomes unfavorable and drags, and linearly opens up to worse than stern step.Although reduction resistance is an important design objective, there is the instrument being used as the novel fluid flowing change of many exact way that the ability simultaneously creating the controlling quantity that resistance increases and reduces allows conformal vortex generator.

Machinery and manufacture acutance conformal vortex generator structure and definition is strict especially, but the step top margin of ' clear ' (minimum radius) is, better entry stream by separating stable and predictably with minimum secondary vortex flow.Described conformal vortex generator paddy also can form simply and has radius and conformal vortex generator tip can be sharply or be also configured with a radius or other geometric configuration, with minimum Performance Sensitivity.Step is at a stagnant point to the bottom transition of output surface, with the eddy current of other secondary stresses, does not disturb so can be arranged on radius chamfer easily with the top margin shearing function of this step.

For casting, forging, the processing manufacturing or formed, the combination in any of material or manufacture is conducive to radius one step base to ease off the pressure as focusing when manufacture and minimizing pressure operation and mode of vibration bending machining part.Step top normally removes different strain and amount of deflection line in human body.

In the environment of high acceleration/accel and/or vibration, they identical with relative surface at space matching, to avoid the location of tuned vibration pattern and Coherent Anti exit point and the conformal vortex generator of structure can be optimised.Optimised by adjusting indivedual conformal vortex generator element with regular array on such face; The position in tip and mountain valley; Conformal vortex generator step-length (effectively limiting spacing) and angle in a non-uniform manner, thus off resonance blade vibration response, and not to strengthen N/R bending blade and be coupled excited vibration and mechanical resonant pattern.This also can carry out with reference to the face of these two blades, to guarantee between the discontinuous focusing suction of this blade bacterial strain and the position of pressure, and causes the tired problem increased.

The example that project 21 in figure 3 shows the conformal vortex generator of asymmetric suction surface " V-arrangement " is more more sharp-pointed than described right side angle with left side angle, so as to make this conformal vortex generator asymmetric and can the treatments B L both sides that are flowing in front end in a slightly different mode.It is effectively narrow for flowing through left side to BL quality, so sharp whirlpool, step steam stripped BL quality inflow left side is few, has less result and point whirlpool, more weak left side.The interception widely of the incoming traffic of this conformal vortex generator of the right refers to also corresponding larger, with better function in point whirlpool, right side.Power between these two non-symmetrical contrarotation point eddy current and the balance of vorticity vector size are revised, so their stream is more to the suction face of upper left, and the summation clockwise direction " or polarity " of the normal effective blade vortex lift that tail has residual more-cw whirlpool amplitude balance to match therewith after the TE be dissipated to as them, as in Fig. 3, suppose inside blade or the project 1 at butt place is on possible impact health lift coefficient CL up or down according to the configuration of remaining whirlpool, final position as shown in Figure 3.For this configuration, if a conformal vortex generator of acting face is that (namely the conformal vortex generator in left side is wider in the amendment of contrary direction, as seen by top), this will also actively add to after effective induced circulation lifting-whirlpool summation becomes, and improves CL.It should be noted that drag reduction is because conformal vortex generator BL relaminarization is by the modifications of position, little whirlpool, but still be effective between conformal vortex generator tip, because being the identical BL entrance width of mass flow rate % that again encourages in essence is that unit width occurs.The path impact of modification point vortex pair is in the stream whirlpool of the thickening BL district of next-door neighbour generation, and so amendment vortex lift is from the summation in these areas.

Fig. 1 c shows a close-up detail of the set of CVG item.The triangle summit ABC of display is the CVG example of a V-arrangement, and will as an example, cut the BL arrived from width AB, the mobile BL fluid along the shearing of AC and BC two steps, if and be injected into whirling current with from summit C. CVG is used as an additional example, such as helicopter LEEPS system, then minimum sensitive CVG element is as the CVG part with AB width, comprise suction and Ya Li ?face CVG, be connected to continuously around LE portion, and a combination array in many basic CVG structures can be used as.For the sake of simplicity, CVG is manufactured by many combination CVG leading sections usually, and these leading sections can be arranged on fluid dynamics body adjacently, can revise flow like this.Small gap between mounted CVG element for CVG effect and performance improvement almost useless.In addition, these large CVG arrays are configured to be convenient to process and apply and merge alignment characteristics and those layers worn and torn because of fluid flowing.

Fig. 1 a shows single CVG element as triangle, but the present embodiment is easy to show, and in fact top performance is along with the ogival form of nosing, such as low-loss submersible admission port of NACA.These NACA admission ports also produce step whirlpool, the speed that admission port flows into can be reduced, but there is a diverse geometric configuration, the form of array is not launched yet, to reduce form drag or to remotivate BL, and the height had times over the local BL degree of depth, so this is different from new integrated CVG technology very much, except using whirlpool and optimizing except flowing dynamics geometry.

When the acute angle along slightly up position and triangle classification line, close to tip, pointed CVG form departs from triangle classification line.This expands the scope of available upstream dam facing, by the constraint of position definition backward step accumulation step whirlpool.The stripping fluid stream arrived is along whole angled step bunching, so back segment comprises a larger fluid stream and is tending towards increasing size and the speed of eddy current, and is tending towards becoming the fluid stream of arrival more greatly.If from shear fluid step swirl ratio those to exceed in impact and not have the position of step fluid of shearing too large, wherein it makes initial step whirlpool have larger destruction, this can extend outside step whirlpool layer, and harmful destruction step whirlpool is several part.The step whirlpool figure of Fig. 2 c cross sectional view shows one and slightly upwards extends, and outstanding vortex locations exceedes the effect of shoulder height and geometric configuration.

This that is to say, in some embodiments, in arbitrary optimum position lower than eddy current path, the step eddy expansion groove 13 optionally providing shaping is useful, to adapt to the expansion of step eddy current by the accumulation ladder of fluid stream.Avoiding problems the step vortex diameters of growing up as obstacle with to not have the overflow degradation of energy of flow of shearing to produce excessive impact, namely reconnecting as the new BL following current for given shoulder height.Most advanced and sophisticated at CVG, these expansion slot (or groove of any shape) can merge or parallel connection from relative step, expand the quantity of stern point whirlpool expansion slot 14 and provide guiding, to reduce the distortion at high fluid stream to the sharp whirlpool of stream.This vortex expansion improves and allows given rise, can peel off the fluid stream of larger arrival, allow fiercer following current BL to remotivate and sharp whirlpool.Consider the structure influence being removed material by these from paper tinsel or aviation/waterpower dynamic surface, but in the situation that many three-dimensional surface structure manufacture, such as forging can improve cross-sectional plane, rigidity and the surperficial mechanical characteristics of part inertia.Step vortex 25 has some Secondary Flow structures and whirlpool, as step eddy structure 30 above and above step shear balanced whirlpool 32, its role is to balance inertial force and shearing force.

Add an optional step and shear the ridge of guide portion 35 as optimum shape and combination, allow to shear balanced whirlpool 32 to step suppress further and lose whirlpool and the second swirling fluid, and for helping with the step whirlpool 25 of different Re conditions the expansion backward determining spatial cutoff limit.

In additional CVG embodiment, removable additional CVGEPS material, as: elastic body, plastics, resin, metal, metallic membrane, Tao Ci ?coating base material, carbon fiber; carbon ?carbon, silicon carbide or metallic fiber matrix or fiber reinforced ceramic composite (CMC) or other materials combination, for composite material or FRP material or metal helicopter rotor blade, or wing LE etc., and expansion slot 13 and 14 by molding and can be integrated into paper tinsel or body surface, at suction or pressure CVG step, along CVG alignment mark and step local height.Additional CVGEPS film so can be increased in mechanical register, instead of comprehensive CVG function, creates the step characteristic sum CVG function of an associating like this.FRP (composite material) surface or may have by the integrated new function of any manufacture method of LE as metallic rotator blade or wing/fix paper tinsel LE; but in this case; because it is very important problem that the erosion of dust and rainwater and paint destroy; the combination of CVG with the entirety of expansion and interchangeable additional CVG protects LE surperficial better, maintains energy-efficient laminar flow or low turbulent flow.

The CVG that level is coupled to close to aerodynamic spacing can not provide the combination advantage of the best due to the interaction of whirlpool.Unless carried out suitable separation, the surface particularly rotated at, whirlpool and traffic flow need closely space to control, not disturb, or are separated in traffic flow direction, with minimum interference.From upstream stator, the phase of rotor and other glitch does not form problem, because they have than structure much bigger outside CVG point eddy current and BL, and traffic flow can cross over several little CVG element propagation, this " can gather in the crops " or swallow this whirlpool, fluid energy that is that rotate or pulse, because they effectively can operate under the Re value of pole.The blade of aircraft whole flight line 30% measurement cycling cycling vibration and NPrms strain reduce instruction CVG and extremely effectively can be worked by the main cycle stream of AoA agreement and traffic flow disturbance.

It should be noted that, the controlled quatity of lower BL laminar fluid flow is not by effectively from described inlet surface stream stripped vapor (in CVG point vortex pair), and this is the target of effectively aspirating BL control system, use porous aerodynamic surface or suction vierics nosing or slot.Due to blockage problem, abandon many active systems of the prior art, so adopt CVG ' s to control to be superior to BL in this position, additional CVG point whirlpool extends the validity of granule surface contral, and reduces resistance.This is proved to be, adopts the additional CVG on the paper tinsel of the camera wing of the dark string of LE to surpass the aileron of PiperPA-31Navajo, and which improves wing stall, the control authority of low aircraft stall speed, improve cruising speed.This example that will be a non-rotary fluid stream environment, as LPT/Fan/LPC stator, and lifting airscrew or screw propeller/support rotor are the examples of the Fluid control rotated, as a LPT/Fan/LPC rotor blade, but there is different impregnabilityes, height to width ratio etc., adopt the rise with 20 millimeters and 300 ?the CVG of 500 microns, about 180 millimeters of paper tinsel strings, but these are not restrictive, depend on Re and geometric configuration.

Flow control method overall is in addition combined with the integrated CVGs used at LPT rotor and stationary blade, or CVG after, the jet injection of employing fluid stream or interpolation fluid stream and BL momentum.At the fluidics of prior art, these jets can be activated from fluid pressure source, and fluid pressure source can acquisition around CVG array high pressure or lower surface, by the array of the suitable path to suction surface surface, passage and pressure.

The section drawing of Fig. 2 c shows angled injection fluid injection port 37 and/or metering hole, and this pressure that fluid stream can be passed on suitable, and from injecting the rate of flow of fluid of air chamber 38 output surface, as 2.On the surface of on the quarter step edge 24, low dragging fluid flow injection chamber 36, and the increase between CVG tip is optional, and improve fluid flow performance.The mode adding liquid jet that on the quarter tilts (optional be withdrawn into forming cavity) has superiority for the downward velocity vector of outlet high-energy stream 23, can suppress to blow at a high speed and the jet-propelled transmitting of fluid momentum ratio, contribute to laterally and spray fluid stream in flow direction dispersion.The outlet fluid stream in contour shape and fluid flow injection chamber 36 allows jet injection liquid makeup energy, be placed on the minimum BL position close to surface, help further BL to remotivate ability (as prior art Coanda effect or slit blowing techniques), best performance is entering in merging exports high-energy stream 23 when there is minimum velocity difference/shearings and turbulent flow.Be by the advantage of the combination CVG of eductor or sucking hole, this intrinsic drag reduction CVG structure is efficiently applied to flow and increases, to improve fluid flow performance further.

Because the Jetstream fluid injection port 37 of stern inclination is below outlet high-energy stream 23, to be in minimum level also low than stagnating BL for this dynamic pressure, and the volume of therefore designed injection a large amount of fluid stream can provide lower pressure in injection pumping chamber 38 effectively.Due to the impact of the high-octane flow 23 of downward outlet, lower pressure flow and the larger capacity of volume allow larger sized Jetstream fluid injection port 37, and this less can receive the risk of blocked fragment.A large amount of injection fluid injection ports 37 is used to be possible, also can select, placed the example being used for installing to surface or entering into one or more fluid flow injection chamber 36, between CVG tip, so that just in case when some blocking, have more fluid flow extending transversely and other replace, and unnecessary injection hole still can and actv..

The enhancing of this jet flow uses extra fluid flow energy, and can be used to assist control BL to be separated and resistance, injection air chamber 38 is full of by the acting face fluid transfer port 39 being positioned at low resistance fluid pickup point 40, preferably close to the high pressure stagnation point in acting face CVG basin 12, or filter compressor bleed air or auxiliary air source, or or even the method for zero mass flow, as pulse acoustic pressure source.

Low resistance fluid pickup point 40 is adopted to be a good example as the pressure fluid source be applicable to, about the surface of the different piece of useful connection three dimensional fluid fluidal texture.The dimensional configurations of port and air flue is for providing correct meters fluid flow relative to the size of difference of pressure.If the additional fluid flow energy of jet comes from a fluid source, this fluid source changes along with pressure, this pressure produces under condition in different non-designs and Re value of surface or driving engine flow and flow velocity, then Jetstream fluid momentum follows the tracks of the Re condition of change usually, and regulate without the need to any optional fluid or pressure, to avoid jet-propelled stripping, if the constant pressure fluid flow source of fixing goods is for encouraging jet, this may occur.This acting face liquid collection can useful effect in acting face effective suction BL control.

At a rotating foil or body surface, spray the injection plenum chamber 38 that fluid injection port 37 can be connected to entrance that is that cover with or adverse current, this inlet configuration becomes slightly to point to the supercharging initial point in outside, with the ventilation system stoping heavier dust and fragment to flow into outside, the deviation can not making a wide-angle or path turns to, and enters and plug nozzle.This inertially dust-separating and fragment, at the propagate out sideways pressure/momentum of the situation current downflow at stator paper tinsel (or due to) of radial inflow environment, then optionally eject a suitable supercharging close to TE and repel tip hole 41.Tip hole 41 is repelled in this supercharging can become larger, and adopts the power of centripetal acceleration to control by itself clean process; Deflation hole (and not wasting unnecessary fluid stream) is blocked in whole work speed lower part, when rotor blade slows to the simple power control mechanism that can dally, then this self clean mouth can be opened to maximum, and allow bulky grain accumulation to topple over, still there is one through the flush fluid stream of turbo-machine simultaneously.

Low resistance origin via the fluid pressure fluid delivery port 39 from the low resistance fluid pickup point 40 at acting face rudimentary CVG array 11 is configured to the chip or dust etc. that stop high momentum and energy, is later than higher BL fluid and moves.

(relative to the fluid supply of spraying or BL suction) is configured by being located at low resistance fluid pickup point 40 in the opposite direction as the fluid injecting mouth 37 of a version for spraying the acting face replaced of blowing, configuration acting face fluid acoustic pickup 39 creates, be full of by second pressure-increasing injection pumping chamber 38, this pressure-increasing injection pumping chamber 38 is separated from boost conditions, is full of suction wall jet.This allows to spray fluid pressure source from filtration compression extraction air to increase acting face BL separating capacity from such as configuring separately.

The method that these pressure blow and spray improves downstream BL impulse force, for sucking and pressure surface, selection in addition connects fluid flow injection chamber 36, and injection supercharging 38 waits until that fluid sucks source to provide the dirty BL with increasing the impetus after the extra low-energy fluid stream stream Buddhist nunnery between recalling from CVG tip.

Slotted eye or other three-dimensional shaped spread guide structure instead of as circular port, can be selected for and spray the mechanical integrity that fluid injection port 37 and selected method take into account manufacture difficulty and paillon foil or blade.Injection supercharging 38 can carry separately CVG region at several spanwise portion separated, to guarantee that radial pressure gradient is less than CVG fluid flow injection chamber 36 region transitions in inside or region, CVG fluid flow injection chamber 36, overdrive transmission more outside.The size of Jetstream fluid injection port 37 can leaf along with blades span meter out, even change due to pressure gradient oil return Fluid injection stream.Near object or paper tinsel line of centers, spray pumping chamber 38 example (multiple) to hollow out and manufacturing, a large amount of removals of this material do not reduce cross section inertia or bending strength greatly, but really reduce the weight of blade, turbo-machine and driving engine.

Fig. 3 shows LPT blade and connects root 1 to the turbine center wall 45 with wall fillet, also show and changes with other possible combinations of CVG embodiment.Label 20 shows longer CVGV shape partial array.Label 42 depict on span direction by the CVG tip of wiping out, the right separation of tip vortices can be widened like this.This also includes a large amount of sharp width B L counted, and can flow, and directly be mixed into sharp vortex pair, be packaged into sharp whirlpool and strengthen these.

Label 43 represents a CVG tip, by the eddy current pair of amendment establishment two the more contrarotation of wide interval.

In this change, other one group of acute angle comprises CVG step and produces less counter rotating vortices point, certainly will jeopardize larger exterior tip vortex.This broaden and two secondary flow tip vortices elementary by present two the region that affects and process.

Label 44 illustrates further most advanced and sophisticated change, and this creates two dirty elementary sharp whirlpools of CVG step, then at one of the CVG summit with two less secondary point whirlpools less sharp width.

In all of these situations, flow to each eddy structure in the width accurate control of fluid that faces toward of the CVG step along spanwise, allow the impact of controlled flow.

CVG structure and array are used in around LPT cascade three dimendional blade passage and inlet surface, as wall CVG array 46 around, be used for improving rotor or tor resistance and flow.In a rotor blade environment rotated, due to the eddy current interference at the secondary flow stream tilted, CVG example series dragging performance be unhelpful, but can with multiplication cascade form, be used on stator, this form has optimal spacing and side-play amount, or in some cases for other objects, the amendment that such as Secondary Flow is separated.

At symmetry or the asymmetric second array CVG47 (step-down adult) of trailing edge 5, can be used in appoint and suck and/or acting face, wake up for revising blade and improve elevator/whirlpool, because they completely also immediately from the teeth outwards before TE output flow.On rotor case, the little closer to the second row impact above CVG array 6 or 11 of use CVG is compared in the impact of rotating environment.

The platform of root of blade and the type of constant radius and three-dimensional tube flow surface

At fillet and the possible coupling end end wall of the butt of blade path, also can be useful to CVG drag reduction BL relaminarization, and reduce by the second time of picture such as blade path eddy current etc. miscarry raw flow point from.

LPT " sound " leading section or outside overhead guard surface coarse often, the expansion of fierce running thermal distortion, for accidental contact with coarse remove the tip path stoping gap tip seal cover and pipe surface.At the tip clearance of obtained temperature, have very large pressure reduction and secondary point stream, and the surface of tip sealed shield has BL and Secondary Flow, these are cleared away by high fluid relative flowing velocity.

Integrated most advanced and sophisticated CVG array 48 can be adopted at the end of LPT " sound " fine stern or the surface of outside overhead guard, CVG array has at the tip of local fluid relative flow direction dirty, this allow near low-yield guard shield BL and remotivate remove and spray, to reduce loss and pulling guard shield and cutting-edge structure.The sharp eddy current of most advanced and sophisticated CVG array 48 enters the acting face of blade tip difference of pressure, and step eddy current is positioned at and flows across tip value, thus the blade tip vortex setup action one that can interrupt blade is more coherent in strong fluidal texture.

Stage of turbine blade, surface and pipeline also have the larger wet structure area in fluid flowing, have and thicken BL fluid stream in the flowing of suction and pressure fluid stream interface, therefore, integrated CVGBL relaminarization work, for reducing form resistance and fluid flow loss, and reduces the deficiency of stern momentum.Intensity, the speed in attaching surface and CVG point whirlpool allows new mechanism, also namely after the upper reaches stern interference in cycle, allows re-establishing fast continuously of attachment stream.This is also similarly for other flowing part any, as compressor stage, and burner section, pipeline etc.

Introduce, the method for designing of LPT turbine blade herein, may be used for optimizing new turbine design and configuration; Rotor, stator and pipeline, have lower resistance and fluid flows and degradation of energy, improves flowing reliability, under the condition not negative with design, have larger operation leeway, the angle of rotation of lower impregnability and larger step.

Alternately, the blade of these new technology can be configured, to reduce drag losses and to upgrade interval a service, be used in " plug-compatible " and upgrade the geometric configuration of element matched interface and the angle of flowing to existing stage of turbine, to provide the engine braking performance of improvement and the lower degradation of energy in existing long-life driving engine investment.Therefore, the CVG technology that this can be utilized new is designed at new integrated CVG type LPT, also " plug-compatible " LPT blade can be made correctly to install and to become possibility with practical function, the blade of old technology is changed in existing LPT cascade, such as such as CFM ?56 fanjets, for improving the low isolated edge of flow point again and reducing resistance, improve the SFC that available engine drops into.LPT rotor and stationary blade are one of priming the pump modifier areas of a fanjet.

Alternately, the embodiment of these CVG arrays and technology can be used on the field of other similar fluid streams, such as, as wind turbine blade (as Godsk'259), or a propelling unit, wherein, the situation that stall AoA and opereating specification do not have resistance to increase and increasing, in fact, the degradation of energy on blade and surface can reduce.Even if the design of paper tinsel, aspect ratio and fastness etc., with these LPT cascade implementation, be different, integrated CVG can be configured to these fluid flow control surface simultaneously.

Axial compressor: the axial compressor stage is typically designed to and has thinner and high speed transonic paper tinsel body (unreacted bucket type) that is thinner edge and allow maximum compression efficiency and momentum transfer to the fluid flowing in every one-level.These paper tinsels or blade-section can be useful to the integrated CVG application at the same manner, as the display of LPT turbine paper tinsel.Improve compressor surge (surperficial stall be separated) edge in extension Rotor in Axial Compressor and the stator stall AoA ability of the angle of turn of design and be separated the flow disturbance caused in by a large amount of jet flow of step below.

LPT or other stage of turbine are not inclined to the mechanism of the axial-flow compressor of failure or the surge be separated by worse cascade.

Fig. 4 describes the example stylized of an isolated axial-flow compressor blade body 50.Compressor low pressure compressor (LPC), the pressure stage of intermediate pressure compressor (MPC) and high pressure compressor (HPC) can have different length of blade, the root of change and top diameter (or " compressor line "), these are by disc area, and local flow and the requirement of pressure determine.Rotor and stator paper tinsel adopt slightly different geometric configuratioies, because stator recovers the pressure of bench as diffuser.But CVG may be used for similar mode to be used in all fluids flowing control surface and to increase similar benefit, shown by institute LPT level.

Axial compressor embeds and sucks the integrated or built-in front portion being manufactured on paper tinsel suction surface of CVG array 51, this structure is designed to change sub-fraction that the input of angle of turn freely flows energy of flow to a pair sharp eddy current of the mutually despun CVG of fierceness, the array that this stream sucks CVG tip 53 from axial compressor flows out backward, and the suction surface part being similar to conventional CVG can be provided from control, and it can not be used as low resistance or drag reduction under the environment of this rotating object fluid flowing.Similar axial compressor embedment pressure CVG array 52 is integrated or be assembled to the front portion of acting face of described paper tinsel, and design this structure and be used for changing sub-fraction that the input of angle of turn freely flow energy of flow to a pair sharp eddy current of the mutually despun CVG of fierceness, this stream flows out backward from the array at axial compressor suction CVG tip 54.

As shown in Figure 4, the repetitive pattern of limit, integrated CVG form version normally symmetrical pinnacle triangular form, and by these configurations and identical mode can be changing into, as the embodiment that prior teachings is LPT surface treatment and step, all enter the end wall of blade path and the CVG geometric figure of fillet across span.

Guiding piece 57 sheared by random step eddy expansion groove 55 and tip eddy expansion groove 56 and step can be integrated into two faces, to improve step eddy current ability, as LPT step instruct.

Surge or flow separation back gauge change by fundamentally extending to the increase of the integrated CVG of paper tinsel stall AoA ability, have the improvement that the fluid for LPT step flow, along with extended layer fluidity can and the improvement of resistance reduction.And the improvement of compressor is the ability of the level of the minimum BL that possible adopt the uniqueness of CVG, suction face especially is afterwards subjected to the situation of the reduction of pressure gradient flow velocity and flow separation bubble.

For the sake of simplicity, only has the full instance in an optional fluid injecting chamber 58, display the best is integrated and be configured between CVG tip, thered is provided from the suitable motive fluid stream of the Jetstream fluid injection port 59 of 3D angle, at the pressure limited and flow velocity, the flowing increasing multiple downstream BL excites.This make use of the initial vector downwards of the high energy flow of CVG step, in order to avoid jet-propelled stripping, and reduce any LE shape of a hoof or kidney vortex with height air blowing and flowing momentum ratio as far as possible, this contributes to dispersive jet fluid stream and laterally propagates in the flowing direction, the Multi-instance of fluid ejection chamber 58 and injection fluid injection port 59, be distributed in this paper tinsel adsorption plane, and be connected to the pressurization supply of the injection pumping chamber 60 of injecting fluid.

Fluid transfer port 61 and low resistance fluid acquisition properties 64 can be connected to and inject cavity 60, and/or most advanced and sophisticated collection mouth 63, to provide a local jet stream body source.Jet and flow of pressurized fluid strengthen function and are configured in the identical mode of LPT step.Fluid can be connected to an example of the jet stream body source replaced of root or end as injection pumping chamber 60 from entering another source, such as step compression extraction air below, and it is also optionally pre-cooled with the density increasing fluid.

Most advanced and sophisticated CVG array 62, is equivalent to the integrated tip array CVG48 of LPT, may be used for the tip surface of compressor tip sealed shield, although blade-section is quite thin.

These reflect method and the configuration of LPT step instruction usually to the improvement of axial-flow compressor, and allow combination; The edge of the surge resistance improved, the step pressure ratio of increase, the angle of the rotation of increase, lighter, more cheap compressor stage.Absorb the energy ezpenditure of the driving engine of about 60% due to compressor, improving more efficiently of these steps has a great impact entire engine efficiency and driving engine SFC.

The blower fan stage: blower fan cascade is usually operated at these than HPT/LPT cascade lower temperature and larger, may need higher CVG rise, and have and the good LE part do not had as LPC or HPC blade.Fig. 5 shows the details of the outside in the suction face 70 of a typical existing fan blade, and protection blade LE partly in case the titanium be attached or other metals LEEPS are with 71 corrosion, usually interweave and is retracted into blade LE region.In order to reduce the EPS conversion 72 of the metal of flow disturbance to greatest extent; substantially flush with crossover sub edge; but in operation; inevitable minim gap produces the chance of bad BL tripping operation; the erosion fragment changed by these assemblies often corrodes lacquer painting protection and material; these carry out comfortable LE blade surface below, As time goes on, further can weaken critical layer fluidity and and can reduce blower fan cascade energy efficiency.

CVG process blade 73 is presented at the acting face with CVGEPS cover 74, wherein, can be incorporated into existing unmodified label 70 and 71, not to required other blade amendment of existing fan blade cascade.This CVGEPS cover 74 sucks face and acting face work at two; In the face of the given required lower fan blade of thrust and input torque and engine power, for the resistance under the condition that the dynamic response improved is different with design, higher stall AoA is provided, reduce the loss (adopt CVG point whirlpool to upset SBLILambda-footBL is separated mechanism) on the impact of fluid stream of hypervelocity and fan blade top, and to consumption with the reduction of the corrosion of blade of optional spot replace element.CVG point whirlpool is used to upset mechanism and the phenomenon of SBLIlambda-footBL separation, for at any variable existing rate of flow of fluid and the bodywork surface that causes other paper tinsels of enough vorticitys, blade and fluid to flow again, be all feasible, the AoA of expansion and the drag reduction of relaminarization are also provided simultaneously.

CVGEPS cover 74 runs at the height of through engineering approaches step, this means that at the existing high energy flow below of CVG step be above the grade surface 75 after the next one, even with flowing with initial downward vectorial step, fragment and sand etc., there is higher density and momentum, such as fluid flowing as air, do not have enough energy to turn downwards, and continue, be subject to the secondary flow of more exquisite blade object and centrifugal outside and removing.The impact of the paint after step and the reduction of the corrosion of material is clearly for the paper tinsel processed together with CVG and body surface.

The CVG cover 74 of addition type can be manufactured to elastic body, plastics, metal, the base material of cramic coat, carbon fiber ， Tan ?carbon, carborundum or metallic fiber matrix or ceramic composite (CMC) or other machinery with demand and the material of heat durability, and can be formed by any process, meet aerodynamic existing blade LE, be then attached to the surface of blade or aerodynamic force body.CVGEPS cover 74 can be formed as single CVG element, but for larger span and bending LE blade, CVG at continuous print adjacent part, can make arbitrary difformity part.The discountinuity of any blade fluid flowing, outside removing best result, is the same with CVG.

Asymmetric or different spacing and geometry CVG is adopted to make CVG flow regulating act as the change striding across span, the region of the anti-seismic wave generation of the localization such as, CVG spacing can produce the larger density of line of whirl example around this position, for distinguishing the effect of SBLI, special emphasis does not optimize drag reduction.To the minimizing of impact of object fluid flowing, allow degradation of energy and/or the boundary of operating provisions of improvement and the minimizing to design effort envelope curve situation.

The fan blade paper tinsel of brand-new design or body surface can have different configurations, do not have the linear protection LE breach of existing EPS parts and make full use of the CVG of improvement.Because the metal LEEPS part of prior art is finer and close than blade body material, this, before applying CVGEPS cover 74, can provide some weight savings, in order to obtain the use of CVG.Another new design alternative has the integrated CVG array of local ladder height to be embedded into LE volume, then covered one and match and removable CVGEPS cover 74 register, like this can be thinner, lighter.

The fan blade of brand-new design also can benefit from alternate combinations below: step eddy expansion groove 76, sharp whirlpool expansion slot 77, and step shears guiding 78 and fluid flow injection chamber 83, and this has flow of pressurized fluid source, air chamber and aircraft etc., comprises LPT blade.These acting faces in accompanying drawing 5b and/or those single embodiments that also can be applied to suction face show,

These grooves and structure provide a CVG label and alignment mark, with a selection of the better improvement at wider blade chord, and do not need too much rise and CVG thickness and weight, and allow for a kind of possibility, additional separation controls the benefit exceeded at CVGEPS cover 74 and/or any integrated CVG stair structure additionally.This also reduces the impact on the rise that downstream paper tinsel or aerodynamics autobody surface design to greatest extent.

Integrated CVG and EPS combination, reduces fan blade resistance and the input of blade moment of torsion, great Yue ?10%, provide very large improvement to SFC and efficiency because the fan unit in modern times usually have specific heat nozzle segment exceed 5 ?the cold bypass nozzle thrust of 10 times.

The composition that the LE design of the CVGEPS of replaceable and ablation combines also can protect better below blade surface because the accumulation of LE durability, be also useful.

Upset at the fluid flowing of one of the most responsive part of blade and BL, to check that the replacing of condition is useful.

The new design CVG processed through blade 73 can have symmetry or asymmetric jagged TECVG array 79 to be integrated in string rear, the front of trailing edge (towards stern prompting), wherein, integrated CVG step is retracted into surface adversely in infringement fuselage intensity, mass distribution, flutter profit rate and dynam elasticity, in the heavily stressed TE region that this is very thin.The fluid flowing of body pressure surface can be designed to not separated until close to or at TE, so CVG has a BL thickeied in this region but rational fluid flow momentum and when the height of design procedure works, by the restriction of TE region surface thickness.

Upstream CVGEPS covers 74 and provides sharp whirlpool, and it generally expands when arriving TE area, and will be tilted through TECVG array 79 slightly laterally, due to the secondary flow of higher level centripetal force and the impact of CVG.In this case, the TEKutta-Joukowski condition and the control fuselage that are close to definition wake fluid flow structure merging up, described tripping operation upstream CVG point vortex filament does not have a chance or opportunity and adversely rotates spanwise, wake up before whirlpool vector product divides being incorporated in TE, cause actv. body to rotate-limit elevator.This TECVG array 79 almost directly can wake up at TE and add the sharp vortex filament of energising, so the direction coupling adopting another asymmetric CVG form to allow direct vorticity vector to imply to wake up in combination-elevator fine stern whirlpool, or with sign contrary, it allows geometry from the CL variation of the control any one or two acting faces and suction surface, particularly low AoA.By this way CVG can effectively for affect fluid flowing wake body up.These value improving CVGEPS method and performance improvement combination incorporate open rotor turbofan concept, lifting airscrew and conventional helical paddle blade, and it has fluid flow concept and design methodology widely.

TECVG array 79 arrangement of this novelty is different from Gliebe'240,488, Wei Yagen ' 665 of Fritz', ' 436, bavin field, Young 319, Ba Erzeer ' 106 etc. because it be expand in a compact intrinsic surface texture and process whole body body and advanced substance TE and behavior next; Reduce afterbody towards the BL fluid flow loss (do not optimize non-surface eddy unlike prior art and induce only eddy current degradation of energy) between CVG tip, increase wake flow mixing, to reduce hydrodynamic noise, adopt one to drag minimizing structure simultaneously at all, amendment health-lifting circulation, can in pressure and/or suction face separate configurations.Be possible location and skew TECVG array 79 stern towards most advanced and sophisticated thus their produce self-suction and acting face prompting point whirlpool long filament then by effectively mutually intersection just exceed TE and cause minimum mutual interference, be just summarized as TE and wake vorticity up.

The face sucked can adopt TECVG array 79, but effect comes off at larger AoA, reduces and thickens BL field, and it has low-yield or separate bubbles or fluid flowing detachment.These CVG improve and can be generally used in any rotation or be greater than the non-rotary paper tinsel of efficiency and surperficial mechanism, and Newtonian fluid stream obtains the benefit of instructing in an identical manner here.

Fan blade blade tip string section enough thickly adopts most advanced and sophisticated high-end array CVG82, and being equivalent to integrated tip array CVG48 is LPT, in the prompting in the face of a fan end sealing cover.The sharp change with temperature guard shield gap of this exterior wing is less than turbine portion, with close fan tip surface cabin-pipeline BL flow control under the help of tip-end CVG.

Many paper tinsels or body drawing have been occurred that a large amount of work attempts to engage well-known lattice Buddhist nun tag modification CL and CL cadmium ratio and lower cadmium ratio, but theoretical work often predicts that the impact of label is applied to paper tinsel and mechanism's Newtonian fluid and is flowing in actual value and replys mistakenly.Elasticity strengthens elevator card, as the block of 3D shape, ELET80 is shown that the CVG process blade 73 of the acting face of bonded about intermediate span is close to TE's.It should be noted that usually best only this is not restrictive to the total span of 15% to ELET80, is 30% what manufacture across wide sub-fraction, and adopt at a swivel from tip in inner side, wherein, the flow velocity of fluid and the contribution of elevator more and more significant.This ELET80 be usually be configured to local chord width 0.5% to 3% the block of height, the structure of blade or twayblade, although this value is not restrictive.

ELET80 is about 0% to 500% from the setback of TE, the height of device, and best result is normally to the setback of typically-100% device height.ELET80 action is bottled up to generate between the eddy current of the stacked strong contrarotation of span group and ELET80 and TE boundary position.These horizontal vortex filaments act on the oil suction TE flow of face, and often these deflect the Utta-Joukowski condition of downward TE and amendment local span joint TE.Additional TE downward fluid flowing is accelerated advantageously to revise bad oil absorbing surface pressure recover gradient (reducing BL turbulent area thickness and dragging), also plays the AoA and elevator that effectively increase local chord.

ELET80 is implemented as flexible and powerful inferior-quality elastomeric material using as to not adding the stability of excessive quality and reduction at the afterbody of paper tinsel or body and TE section and flutterring profit rate and be that lower floor's body that effectively machinery is transparent is at TE.In addition, due to the vibration dynamics such as conduct of aeroelasticity effect and bottom necessarily-flexible foils; Screw propeller, rotor or blade, the quality of one non-compliant is added in TE district and can not reliably adheres to without distribution and the local bonding shearing force of non-focusing, allows the strong acceleration force of adhesion agent abundant load share to be distributed on whole attaching surface and amasss, instead of concentrate on these progressive points of slippage.Because these reason non-compatible materials (i.e. inelastic body) are problematic, with what add in this challenge environment, if terminated, the problem that the vibration stress being created as the lower floor's body producing fierce body fatigue of material problem is concentrated and bent.The similar manufacture of dispersing trailing edge (DTE) structure is faced with the challenge of same real world.

ELET80 guarantees that Chang Buli retains span eddy current silk and has an expansion outlet, because they accumulate and need the quality of canopy fluid stream, and this usually occurs in about 1, the part that the length of one or more examples that 600Hz leads is little, when namely usually noticing that the fluid of signing as a diagnosis sound flows, ELET80 adopts, and by employing segmentation or the novel importance cuing open the vortex filament embossing path that application strategy is instructed.Further improvement in each example of ELET80 is that fabrication portion section cut-outs is mostly tangential by unit, makes mechanical damage be restricted to subsegment, effectively to provide the function of a break-resistance.

Being formed with the very small angle of of being beneficial to medial extremity or outer end at ELET80 allows vortex filament outflow will sum up when TE wakes up control from the body end first-selection direction that comes off no matter, the carrier dictyosome circulation produced as additive or the comprehensive vortex that subtracts and elevator.Slight curved back both sides allow to flow to vortex filament and to come off and controlled fluid flow is by the geometry part of masses ELET80 process after equilibrating to TE from ELET Ti80Ru center, and the effect in central horizontal whirlpool, to wash the improvement of elevator under increasing.

It should be noted that ELET80 can have or not have CVG and EPS can be adopted to cover 74 or TECVG array 79, but for the reason of dynamic stability, preferably combination adopt and at least integration CVG method and CVGEPS covers 74.TECVG array 79 can before apply or between an example of the ELET80 of example ELET80.TECVG array 79 two illustrate the structure of Fig. 5 b of example do not limit between part adopt, but indicate can being constructed in conjunction with other features in the sub-fraction on whole span or surface of CVG.

Prompting unloading ELET81 is shown in the little label of TE of the front end of blade suction surface 70, can add, to reduce the AoA elevator in string portion at this paper tinsel area, paper tinsel point eddy current is greatly revised in its effect, particularly at the blade server of an opening, have and there is no very large obstacle point whirlpool from acting face suction flowing.When helicopter rotor blade, this sheet version plays inside the high load capacity prompting span loading of raising, be lessly be subject to being shed to dish flowing and create the of short duration concentrated force of blade vortex interaction (BVI) with this locality prompting-eddy current reduced and postpone, disturb and acoustic feature.Be loaded with the load foil construction that dish inner side also mitigates some elevator moments of flexure and strains in spanwise.

The eddy current of the stern step surface of the eddy current close match of the spanwise of actinal surface is stepped in induction before the LE of ELET80, so to be actually in the tangential pressure of unexpected minimum gained or the load of stern power ELET80 to challenge adhesives weldering concatenation ability, at remarkable impact fluid flow velocity be again worth.Entrance and exit prospect spape silk approximately balance and effectively shield elasticity TE body from expecting the fluid flowing dynamic impulsion pressure entered.Consequently, be strong radial acceleration in main bonding challenge.Screw propeller of boarding a plane test confirms that the function of similar material and performance shift possible usually, such as 12gph1Ogph reduces the SFC's that cruises, and about-energy of saving minimizing 18% is a combination as Lycoming IO-540 driving engine and Ha Ceer variable-pitch (VP) screw propeller.

Be new as these high accelerations of ELET80 and rate of flow of fluid field application elastomeric material, anti-intuition than prior art, but also has and significantly improves and New function, shows that actual use is rational.When in-flight surface freezes, this ELET80 material is submissive, and allow transient state to pile constantly coming off of sum ice cube, because load exceedes all linkage functions here, but thin layer moisture frost, so it is that continuous 1385 hut subproducts from LE ice from inner side anti icing system are tired out that maximum structure threatens, the screw propeller that just greatly can affect performance comes off.Close rule, sane distortion and resilient shapes recovery characteristics, and be that ELET80 cross section breach stops destruction tolerance application process to allow at paper tinsel and body surface, as the ability of brand-new design; Blade, rotor, fan spoked flywheel and screw propeller etc.

Before the fan level of the behind of IGV and suction port of compressor, also can adopt additional or embed the reduction resistance of CVG and expansion angle of attack performance ensures that mechanical IGV motion does not delay dynamic fluid flow.The whirlpool fan outlet pipeline cold flow of going that stationary blade is leading enters cold segment pipe also can adopt CVG, to reduce resistance, extends agricultural agreement.Other the benefit same with teaching any fluid stream interface that such as can adopt CVG in compressor and combustor exit and other aerodynamics supports and bearing column of IGV.

Increase from acting face acoustic pickup surface stream, or other fluid source, as the air of such as cooling compressor venting, also the fan blade of a new design can be used, there is the structure be equivalent to, with at LPT Jetstream fluid injection port 37, fluid flow injection chamber 36 and spray pumping chamber 38, scale is larger fan blade, to improve blower fan blade; The operation angle of attack and resistance performance, as pointing out LPT cascade.This integrated CVG array approach more Jetstream fluid injection orifice also can expand to new design lifting airscrew blade, screw propeller, even fixes the convergent-divergent that paillon foil or aerofoil have suitable geometric configuration.

Power core (the air compressor of a jet engine, combustion chamber and turbine) adopt the improvement of CVG can use LPT output shaft system (or similar power extracts the stage), with drive fan dish cascade injected cool duct thrust (as prior art), or be configured in turbo-shaft configuration, drive such as device to drive external loading or change speed gear box; Screw propeller, rotor-support-foundation system, a power generator, pump, or for a such as compressor; Refrigeration, natural gas line or plant-scale chemical processing system are just as a refinery.

HPT turbine blade: Fig. 6 a with 6b is the expression blade 90 of high-pressure turbine and the dark assembly reacting barrel shape foil portion and divide and be connected, or embed, 1415, integrated top CVG array 91 and an integrated lower surface CVG array 109, this operates in the same mode as having been instructed by LPT blade, extracts energy in the flowing of always spontaneous combustion burner afferent stream body and then power upstream compressor level or load.Comprehensive HPTCVG is configured to the expansion reducing resistance and far products agreement, also falls thermal load to reduce Fluid flow from/turbulent flow and mixing.Integration CVG makes the intensity of the HPT blade providing maximum at parent metal, but due to many parts HPT blade can manufactured to provide difference in need, the 3D structural interlock that it also may have high temperature LECVG array and suitable carborundum or metallic fiber matrix or a fiber reinforced ceramic composite (CMC) becomes the cascade in the HPTLE of a new design.

For IGV's or first the burner outlet temperature of HPT stator and a HPT rotor disk is higher than the fusing point of typical nickel based super alloy, so the fluid cooling on these surfaces.Cooling water source spray 93 is positioned at stators and rotators blade LE; be admitted to refrigerant fluid (being generally HPC venting colder as-650 degree Celsius); there are the aircraft of enough inclinations and flow mass to cool and protective foil LE and this refrigerant fluid from source coolant plenum 94. source; then the pressure of segmentation and surrounding is inhaled with flowing and is faced to provide extra surface cool, and refusal thermal flow and thermal load are waken up to paper tinsel.Copper foil surface is minimum local temperature, and traveling is brought up to close to combustion chamber peak temperature to the temperature of higher free stream fluid flowing at BL.In any excessive turbulent flow of paper tinsel or body surface, as fluid flow separation bubble with peel off turbulent flow usually by the layer of hybrid-type higher hot fluid and temperature, improve thermal flow, have to become and remove with cooling surface safely.

The cooling blast array that additional downstream tilts is sent into by the cooling of the facial skin of cooled interior extraly snakelike gallery and pumping chamber in the paper tinsel surface of prior art namely, and the challenge of inner pin grid 107 and TE coolant outlet groove 92 will have enough jeting surfaces to mix with heat without the turbulent flow that the jet-propelled generation of cooling lift-off is unnecessary, and the fluid that the efficient propagation obtaining surface cool and buffering flows from the fluid that temperature is higher.

The method providing low resistance of CVG, to provide effective and good diffusion cooling fluid to be injected in minimum BL level, optionally controls for LPT mechanism just being improved to be separated.Afterbody spray angle Fluid injection mouth 95 or metered fuel orifice, can pass on from refrigerant fluid such as, flow to top CVG cooling spray pumping chamber 104 fluidly flow injection chamber 96 on the surface of stern step 97 below, and described CVG most advanced and sophisticated 98 add cooling fluids be injected in mode that this stern tilts leave enter a mold cavity need between the advantage CVG step initial velocity vector downwards that exports high energy flow blow with cool stream momentum ratio at height to suppress jet-propelled stripping and contribute to disperseing chilled fluid flow laterally and the minimum cooling vessel level entering downstream BL.Second rudimentary CVG cooling is sprayed pumping chamber 106 and is also supplied the higher cooling fluid of pressure to the example of adjacent blade surface and Jetstream fluid injection port 95 and dependency structure at pressure or lower surface CVG array 109, in an identical manner as placement position HPT suction surface.

The additional step flowed on a large scale in cooling step whirlpool, eddy current cooling injection orifice 99 can be positioned at described CVG the lowest point.The thermal flow of CVG point vortex filament unloading downstream surface is added in extra cooling, the cooling method of other prior art of the most advanced and sophisticated base portion 98 of the CVG that tip-eddy current cooling injection orifice 105 can be included in, as inner serpentine cooling channel, turbulent flow, TE and tip " sound " cooling and demolding and pin grid 107 can with being combined to flow with inner passage and inner skin and cooling HPT surface of integrated CVG.The cooling fluid flowing effectively utilizing low current mass optimization is the efficiency that improve driving engine of removing thermal flow, the described cooling fluid flowing because the input energy of its cost compressor is derived.The metallurgical methods such as the redox coating of any prior art and alloy can be adopted to be low on this high-pressure turbine level surface and high CYCLIC CREEP PROPERTIES etc.

Step vortex expansion slot 100, tip-eddy expansion groove 101 and step shear guide piece 102 also optionally integrate (as by LPT part) HPT suck and/or pressure CVGs to allow to adjust to the requirement of mechanical strength of step whirlpool mass flow capacity effects on surface and the balance of the step-length of design.

High heat flux add deduction and exemption by TBC as provided the part to LE, and the coating of these typical ceramic blankets reduces surface heat conductivity and reduces thermal flow, at the quality increased and disbonding, the cost of the risk that protection loss and surface are burnt.Provide surface cool and the dispersion means of effect by integrated CVG with aircraft/injection moulding die cavity, the part in the CVG step downstream of paillon foil is the large area TBC's unlikely needing added mass and complexity.

In the balance of rotor, stator end value wall and fillet are on the surface of cascade channel and pipeline, likely also adopt CVG's, to provide the cooling structure of additional low resistance Jetstream fluid injection port for paper tinsel, and add following cooling power and can resist at disadvantageous Secondary Flow and destroy by the blade path of such as region BL, the radiused surface such as eddy current to engage CVG in May, 1480 with these height profiles surface atomizing of liquids injection orifices.Integrated CVG point vortex also provides measuring of SBLI control ability, and can configure the eddy current revising stream, impacts and Secondary Flow.

Quadratic integral CVG array 103 closes the pressure of TE coolant outlet-be used in May, 921485 in the face of groove, wake up to reduce blade as far as possible and improve lift/vorticity, because they are that blade TE is so more disadvantageous be immediately used as the front second row that affects near such as than integrated CVG: top CVG array 91. 1 kinds of elevators and TE cooling strengthen tag array 108 and can be added into by TE coolant outlet groove 92 in the past, and this option allows the distortion actv. AoA of two blades and contributes to being dispersed in TE groove 92 cool stream, be with or without the tab that this tag array 108 of 1490 arrays 103 can adopt " bending " or tilt, as shown in the figure.A kind of quadratic integral CVG array 103 also can be added to the HPT blade in suction face.

Intermediate pressure turbine machine (IPT) also may need cooling, and these can be designed as HPT blade, cool to improve and drag loss.CVG shown in this article and relevant design feature can be incorporated into any combination, example and position, together with existing blade of carving knife and surface design, to provide the method for the performance of the best.Note, CVG treats HPT blade and also can adopt as such as in steam turbine embodiment, the fluid flowing of useful improvement and efficiency, and LE coating material may be used for antiscour also can in conjunction with CVG structure.Setting-out and gap, particle erosion downstream and material also contribute to protecting downstream from CVG measure

Stream interface.For steam turbine to import fluid flowing into be can not need from burner section/vapour source and compressor, so major part can drive other load from the power of turbine.

Centrifugal compressor: many less compressors and pumping unit, such as jet engine, in the last HPC stage, adopts outflow wheel, because it is one; Compact conformation, high compression ratio, heavy efficiency, sturdy and durable, the equipment of low complex degree.Existence wherein has the axis of diameter along the impeller axis towards outlet at increase root and top at the centrifugal blades of impeller or blade cascade, colour mixture flowing and the many fluid flowings between centrifugal compressor and pump communicate, and the flowing of outlet can be that radial or mixing (as partly axially) becomes downstream line and/or diffuser structure fully.

Centrifugal compressor (when adopting liquid Newtonian fluid to flow with pump) is separated in can bears from suction surface current is dynamic; Impeller is pointed out, and expand pilot blade, the surface of blade (or blade) and any other flow process, causes fluid flow performance problem and degradation of energy.Many impeller vane sterns are plunderred at output flow angle, so that in the less aggressiveness of most advanced and sophisticated momentum transfer and flowing, to reduce Fluid flow from emphasizing at blade outlet angle.

Flow separation or separate bubbles will show as fluid state and to change to from liquid state the meiobar of the physics bubble structure newton working fluid carried secretly steam/gas phase as liquid water or ammoniacal liquor, add the quick or supersonic gas bubble structure collapse that extra complexity is final, the mechanism of cavitation and the impact of powerful hyprsonic and sound wave potential damage.

That add integrated CVG allow gaseous fluid stream separate bubbles to control with fluid flow line and streamline oil suction face and other flow surfaces and reduce resistance and more turbulent flow BL loses, teach cascade comparatively morning centrifugal device.For the suction areas of liquid phase fluid flowing, meticulous CVG vortex filament interception and destruction steam pocket are formed and are reduced to liquid under fluid volume and rise to vapor tension transition, just can rise to size, can cause cavitation erosion.This bubbles burst also reduces impact energy and the acoustic feature of gained, and vortex long filament also serves as diffusion, reflection and decay shock pressure and sound wave in working fluid.

Fig. 7 illustrates that the centrifugal impeller surface of a typical opening mode and the inwall 120 of hub and the most opening vane version seen stylize function.A central impeller eye movement-oriented 121 is had to lead to LE or the inducer blade 122 of the array of impeller paper tinsel in this example, and guide 121 122 hectares, the blades importing the axial-rotation induction that axial fluid flow is applied to it into accelerate and continue across hub inwall 120 as a compressor inverse hour hands rotational view to entrance stream, then exit radial at blade exit top 128 and the array 129 (only having an example delineation for clarity sake) crossing optional stationary diffuser guide blades with high momentum and speed, this flows into final output fluid collection method or spiral case fluid subsequently, pipeline etc., not shown, for the sake of clarity.The example of this Fig. 7 also adopts extra score blade 132, in order to avoid entry water conservancy diversion stream blade 122 not long ago of choking.

One comprehensively inputs the blade inlet LE met near 122, suction face that suction CVG array 124 can be embedded into the blade on the suction side blade of this inducer, to assist in ensuring that fluid flowing is not separated (or cavitation liquid).Integrated downstream air-breathing CVG array 125 also can be integrated in the geometric configuration of impeller and streamline allows favourable action.

At the opposite side of each blade at integrated pressure face CVG array 123, but also can integrate CVG complementation integrated acting face version and these be operated in similar mode and different positional distance LE as a such as LPT blade, to reduce the acting face flow losses to blade.The position of these integrated CVG arrays is as follows; Structure, logic and program as such as LPT blade with subsequently in geometric configuration, the optimization of flowing angle and position, with the unique impeller geometric configuration adapted to and mate, wherein, final test confirms at true impeller and centrifugal compressor, the best of breed of pump or turbine design.CVG size and the angle illustrated are only representational discussion, and do not limit the actual design of choice and optimization.

Pump root or hub inwall 120 are large face areies that convex-concave surface once flows BL and some secondary flow between the passage suction and acting face of identical blade or wheel blade.May be flowed or also will be reduced resistance or air pocket in the problem of inhalation area and CVGBL again stratification air pocket in this surface, integrated inwall pressure surface CVG array 127 and integrated inwall downstream pressure face CVG array 126 here help so can adopt, and as any CVG, may slightly tilt, with the local fluid flowing simplified condition of best coupling.If blade hub root fillet then integrated CVG also may be combined in these fillets, even with on the adjacently situated surfaces of other CVG merge, although it is clear and definite to the blended fillet of wheel hub not show blade in this figure.

Stationary diffuser guide blades 129 paper tinsel or on the surface, if present, an integrated diffusion can also be adopted to suck CVG array 130 to control to come × [exit angle and diffuser actv. agricultural agreement in dynamic flow from the loss of fierce fluid flow pulse separate bubble and wake flow from high speed blade outlet tip 128.Because diffuser guide blades 129 can be configured swirling fluid flowing and operate at submode and irrotational flow to import impeller into, it also may adopt an integrated diffusion second air-breathing CVG array 131, to reduce resistance or to have the compacter diffusion part of the curvature on higher surface.Pressure surface diffusion orient blade 129 also may have similar integrated diffusion pressure CVG array, to reduce flow separation and to drag as well.Flowing part around the array of static pipeline and pipe diffuser stator 129 and mixing fillet also can use further control drag losses and the flow separation of integrated CVG.

Also the open form impeller tight fit on the fixing or border tip shield conduit control surface of coupling three-dimensional not shown in Figure 7 the moving structure edge 133 removing opening mode impeller tips are to guarantee minimum downstream background stream fluid volume.These blade edges are the promptings of the style of opening being equivalent to axial blade, and a closed loop Centrufugal compressor impeller is equivalent to and continuous interconnective prompting-fairing axial series form, and therefore intra vane passage has been the fully enclosed.

Tip end CVG battle array 134, the function of integrated tip end CVG array 48 is equivalent to for LPT can be able to use at the wingtip in the face of centrifugal compressor point seal closure, although blade section is quite thin, little CVG may operate in effectively high-speed and that high shear force is little gap.Be less than stage of turbine at centrifugal compressor machine-heating load, so tip expansion gap can more be pressed close to, there is lower loss.

Tip-end CVG array 134 is angled, to produce the close match guard shield face on vortex long filament, develops and flowing, in blade path speed because it controls its BL on guard shield surface inswept 1590.Tip-end CVG array 134 step-down is passable, or can not tackle and cut off vane nose LE and do not cut in the structure of LE with step, and the downstream CVG step-down that intrinsic tip shield seal clearance is maintained at the LE that most advanced and sophisticated LE and local gap produce is flowed.As the compressor impeller at Fig. 7, blade pressure surface to tip-right side of end CVG array 134 and suction side are left side, so these CVG point vortex filament streams are left and from pressure to the downstream sucking direction, face with the position of distribution along tip string, when normal paper tinsel or body surface point whirlpool occur in body extremity TE, identical direction, as project 128 and 133 apply a higher quality-point angle together with accumulate some tips, step angle-end CVG array 134 member (as such as 60 degree) and also allow formation super large step whirlpool, be tied to these steps and flow through point-shroud gap and the driving of sealing pressure surface fluid so that the energy serving as flow obstacle is defeated.

Point vestlet control surface, border also may have the laying of CVG its at such as surface array radial or spirality pattern, flowed by the local BL of impact with the blade password under controlling, these can use, there is or not have most advanced and sophisticated CVG array 134, and be configured so that this CVG spacing is asynchronous in blade pitch, so consistent high pressure Reeb or sound wave signature can not be produced.Additional flow-control the eductor 135 of the angle of extra stream cohesive resistance can add after a CVG step, to be increased in the impetus of lower BL, and pressure fluid source, this is results (perhaps cooling), and carry out flowing and pipeline from compressor output, by impeller axis, and enter the air chamber at bead filler, can distribute these fluids flow to surface C VG as needed for 135 example in, due to upstream side impeller surface flowing be at low pressures.Under compressor and turbo-machine situation, this eductor can distribute one from this cooled high-pressure fluid source from cooling fluid.The example of the shearing guiding of optional step expansion slot and/or step can be added to described impeller, but diagram clear for the purpose of, not shown.

A kind of centrifugal compressor, is similar to first, can be inverted to and be operating as radial inflow centrifugal turbo machine.In this case, the input of impeller moment of torsion becomes and exports and suck and acting face transposition and any CVG array also can change, to provide required BL and flow deformation.As centrifugal or colour mixture stream turbine, additional flow controls eductor 135 example can be used as the film cooling of such as high-pressure turbine stators and rotators blade surface and the improvement of flow attachment now.

Impeller tips guard shield for a closing form is connected to the tip of all blades, to form closed blade path, so CVG, can adopt on labyrinth of these all internal flow surface and tip seals etc., to BL be separated control, discussed in identical way.

About centrifuge blade, the integrated CVG process of the flow surfaces such as impeller allow to increase entry and × [rate of discharge hub angle, with allow one new, compacter, the design that weight is lighter; Compressor, turbine, pump, blwr and similar fluid flow structure, or may be used for the degradation of energy just reducing suction face or fluid flowing, TG eddy current and BL thickening loss upper recess surface, have mechanical compatible improving SNR " drop-down " in existing design and change impeller.

Integrated CVG's is also right fluid stream pump, turbo-machine, centrifugal or the colour mixture pattern of flow such as screw propeller and compressor, as industrial-scale process gas compressor (as ammonia refrigeration or natural gas pipeline compressors), the useful and pump of water jet or turbine are for water or other liquid.

1635 turbochargers engage coupling centrifugal compressor and turbo wheel, so also there is centrifugal turbine extract the energy of fluid stream and increase the example of this energy to the centrifugal compressor in fluid stream, and the centrifugation apparatus of this two type can adopt integrated CVG whole be a new design for local flow condition, to raise the efficiency and to operate adjustment.

Engine room structure: engine nacelle is that the liquid of general cylindrical is attached to fuselage or wing by suspension bracket, erecting device or attachment, an example of mutual fluid flow interaction.Any disadvantageous pitching and driftage to this fluid stream of entering of attachment fluid can produce remarkable resistance and turbulent flow because of flow point from such as downstream adsorbent surface.Machinery space is integrated into the entrance and exit fluid flowing of driving engine, to guarantee correct entering with exit criteria as closing driving engine.

Fig. 8 illustrates that being attached to wing body 141 has the housing body 140 of connection suspension bracket 142 for the substantial cylindrical of the example of fanjet, and after fan leaf grating 143 is illustrated in cabin entry, pipe diffusion has occurred in cabin LE and the cold duct section of entry.

1650 integrated cabin LECVG arrays 144 are illustrated in LE, the resistance improving flowing attachment and reduce simultaneously at engine room inside conduit and/or outside face.If this LECVG array 144 also can strengthen with coupling and removable EPSCVG element superpose surface erosion and/or durability is a problem.

Another integrated fan entrance that CVG array 145 is illustrated as improving pipe flows into fan blade 1655 cascade prompting, and decreases and need effectively to aspirate BL in fan front in-position and control.

Similar integrated CVG array can be designed to the two sides of inner cold pipeline, to guarantee convex-concave conduit face flow point to avoid and turbulent flow BL resistance loss minimizes.These integrated pipeline CVGs allow the pipeline of higher pipe surface curvature 3D or shorter and size of engine to be used for new design.A series of CVG can adopt on these large surfaces with suitable spacing, and tip vortex filament wherein expands, and before their explosion, or becomes easy separate bubbles or excessive thickening loss to BL flowing.This definition definition is separated the wise CVG spacing of wardrobe and fluid dynamics.Cabin due to most of modern times is newly designed by the structure of molded composite material, and it is directly incorporated in the integrated CVG array of Design and manufacture for improving energy efficiency and ability.

At cold duct outlet nozzle place, the cold duct of integration outlet CVG array 146 can be inserted be positioned at cold duct TE front, local outside face and/or inside face on, to improve air-flow mixing, the noise characteristics of cold air exhaust gear and fan outlet, and drag reduction.At hot gas region nozzle exit, equally, the hot gas duct outlet CVG array 147 integrated can be integrated into the external pipe surface and/or inner tube surface and/or exhaust gear cone 148 that are arranged in local T E front, to improve air-flow mixing and eddy current dissipation and to improve noise characteristics and the drag reduction of exhaust gear.In order to eliminate the strong sound of hot gas exhaust gear, the thin low-resistance cylinder ring of extra eddy current dissipation CVG array 149 can be increased in the exhaust airstream expanded, such as, be increased between exhaust gear cone 148 and hot gas zone duct TE, thus the hot gas exhaust eddy current expanded cause louder noise and vibrations are brought into wake flow excessively in before, vortex filament is introduced in the main body of the hot gas exhaust eddy current expanded and is disturbed eddy current and make it dissipate.Also can be integrated in CVG array for the supporting strut of this eddy current dissipation CVG array 149 and turbine back support pillar and think that exhaust noise management increases extra vortex filament.

Machinery space pipe link or king-post 142 air-flow combined beam to be acted in braced wing and machinery space main body and also can add a king-post LECVG array 150 improving around king-post surface (mainly longitudinal) air-flow reduce resistance.A wing can have a wing LECVG array 151 and secondary wing CVG array 152 (especially in load bearing face) integrated.

Other CVG also can be used to control aloft fluid isolation by the structure that bar or king-post connect and for the fluid of closed entrance, similarly be such as tanks or meteorological radar cabin etc., precursor is nose tip, as fan rotating disk 153.Rotate because of angled entering of air-flow due to 153, it also can use the CVG array of certain angle.Nose tip can have a pointed cone cover with the regular shape of the CVG of suitable angle, or is designed to have a pointed cone CVG array integrated to reduce resistance.

These structures connected in fact also are the tube shaped that a kind of " interior outside " closes (and/or distal opening), have primary fluid flow and dissipate on " outside " flow surface.In some cases, the fluid embodiment with a predetermined kinetic energy and/or gross energy may need by independent or be dropped when free flight, such as tie up the capital milky way " No. 1, spacecraft " just independent from flat pad, or similarly be the such fluid of emitter.Equally in these cases, the power when energy efficiency (that is, range) and fluid of improving fluid are attached and/or are separated and move by the application of CVG, this also can improve the stability in track and/or path.

Pipe flow path: most of region on the surface of most of fluid flow arrangements as jet engine is formed with pipe surface and is flowing in the best design attitude of the interregional inflow of different fluid flowing process to guide fluid and flows out from the design attitude of the best, and these limit the angle of turn or movement-oriented of fluid, they can they cause fluid fluid isolation or BL thickening and cause energy run off before introduce.These pipelines or pipeline even and the 3D surface of outside be other flow device, described flow device can be enhanced by using the CVG that integrates.Fig. 9 a illustrates a typical fluid flow conduit 160, and described fluid flow conduit is liquid flow surfaces, the simulation of a lot of situation in pipeline and short-term.Section shows in the pipeline joint-seam 161 of flow direction change place and the less upstream line 165 of diameter, described upstream tube stage property internal pipeline CVG array 162 structure, the TE that described structural integrity enters it holds, and the optimum position be placed in downstream line 166 and being merged by the mode of such as die forging and brazing or welding is sealed, and complete pipeline or the pipeline joint-seam of improvement.This is a kind of embodiment of design, the CVG array utilizing internal integration can be allowed to carry out pipeline or pipeline transmission and this effectively reduces the resistance on fluid isolation and downstream line or pipeline convex surface, and when changing direction or the diameter on surface or pipeline, the resistance of concave surface also can reduce, as has been described can hold, same method also can be applied to free fluid flowing in paillon foil thing or other body surfaces.According to the preparation method of pipeline or pipeline, material, diameter, the difference of thickness of wall body and cross sectional shape, can utilize steps different in a large number, such as die forging, forging, shaping and procedure of processing, is incorporated to the optimum position on inside face by CVG array, if or fluid flowing is the outside occurring in body surfaces, CVG array is incorporated to the optimum position on outside face.

Fig. 9 b shows pipeline and inserts CVG array 182; described pipeline inserts CVG array and can be inserted in the straight length of diameter pipeline larger and constant a little or pipeline; and then punch die or the contrary pipeline insertion CVG end 183 that utilizes are arranged on best position, and described pipeline inserts the downstream that fluid flowing is pointed in CVG end.In this case, pipeline inserts entrance 184 and has very thin and sharp edge to minimize the flow disturbance of entrance and pipeline inserts inlet surface 185 has the very shallow angle that retreats to push down thickness point 186.Before entering the CVG stage, before reaching conformal section of the correct step height pipeline being positioned at stage thickness point 186, this long low angle pipeline convergence provides minimum flowing change and disturbance.Optional pipeline inserts crack 187 and can be introduced into make it possible to be easy to altogether to be inserted by folding pipeline CVG array 182 and to be inserted in pipeline and then to expand and link, or utilizes annex method to fix device.Following current gap in array is license and only has very little performance impact.Between attention stage thickness point 186 and end 183, flowing needs stable to be parallel to pipeline and like this when through the CVG stage, has best surface vector to obtain best flowing shear action and downstream BL excites again.The determinant attribute of these pipelines CVG array be their continuously running through during whole pipe surface they block fluid flowing input and output planar cross-sectional, comprise array to flow around the BL of the situation of whole pipeline girth, wherein, between the flowing of the maximum cross-section of V-arrangement CVG array extends, BL is not had not to be changed.Not very ideally, CVG array does not have the following current room (having negated main advantage) for constant step height region, and in the type of the CVG array that these change by this continuity changing the sectional flow BL of function and prior art, discontinuous VG makes a distinction.Using pipeline to insert crack 187 also allows pipeline insertion CVG array 182 to be that another kind is prepared into and is actually spiral-shaped and flows to stop duct wall BL a best angle, also has the CVG changed in order to this spiral angle and to dam angle.According to the rate of attenuation of upstream vortex filament, if spiral has more than one rotation, so before running into the next downstream CVGv shape stage, effect will decline.This device employs a series of pipeline and inserts CVG array 182, therefore needs them to be spaced apart to obtain best effect with the distance of the best in the flowing direction.

The application of CVG to internal pipeline and pipe surface also can by spraying or forming coating material to implement, described spraying or formation coating material can be implemented or when can being brushed at soft-surface, can form correct surface configuration through machining or polishing.These coatings can strengthen multilayer simultaneously also for the pipeline under coating or pipeline surface provide mechanical protection and corrosion prevention/chemoproection.

Another fluid for prior art controls to select to be that the internal flow being positioned at Flows transformation changes blade 163, described internal flow changes blade and allows pipeline to cause a large amount of flowings to change, but carrying out the series connection of similar paillon foil due to these structures carrys out the operation of alter flowing and create resistance.Flowing changes blade CVG array 164 and can be integrated into flowing and change the sucking hole of blade 163 and/or load bearing face to reduce resistance and to allow to form larger pipeline or pipeline transformation angle before fluid isolation, and allow the new pipeline with tightr shape and/or low-yield loss, pipeline or S shape pipe design.

For larger pipe surface and transformation, they also need resistance to effect of heat, such as triangle can be added, quadrangle, hexagon or the such tiles figure of other polygons, these tiles figures are hard and can improve intensity and the mechanical efficiency of cooling duct panel component, and allow the integration of CVG and increase strong Memorability and the selection of the TBC coating of cracking resistance.Figure 10 a shows the section drawing of duct wall, has been coupled with the protruding facing that the hexagon nest room of an interlocking is such, and described hexagon nest room can select to have a CVG step function integrated.Pipe surface 170 (opposing face at Figure 10 a) and fluid flow contact that downstream is level and smooth, be positioned at left and the below of the CVG stage array 172 (downstream) with protruding facing.The vertical wall 173 of initial projection has larger wall and supports root knot radius 171 (having the radius the height reaching wall that are greater than right angle), described wall supports the occlusion array that root knot radius forms crossbeam, described occlusion array has larger rotor inertia and minimum stress and concentrates (being obviously different from the sharp radius right angle walls base junction of Lytjen ' 342), also has best intensity and resistance to effect of heat to eliminate the thermal flow of upstream internal layer 174 and downstream internal layer 175.In addition, the top of vertical wall 173 also can be turned into compact sharp edges and increase edge strength and prevent operation from damaging.Utilize good caloric conductibility and mixing, the edge that cooling-air flow can flow through vertical wall 173 arrives the internal layer surface of wall and below downwards to take away heat.The material breaks because forming pressure causes is minimized by means of use aluminium, aluminium can better carry out installing protruding facing additional or carry out efficient Forging Technology at plastic deformation temperature (being preferably vacuum), wherein also allow to close material temperature distribution, surface oxidation and the control minimizing pressing mold power/embossing die power.Also can utilize other such as, fusible pattern manufacturing process, blast die forging/liquid pressing etc. manufactures these surface arrays and stage.

The pipeline panel cross section of preparing the improvement shown in this Figure 10 a also allows TBC to be integrated into rough edge.Figure 10 b shows and is loaded onto the upstream line panel zone 176 of protruding facing, described upstream line panel zone is coated with the upstream TBC overplate 177 towards hot fluid flowing, described upstream TBC overplate leads to TBCCVG array 178, and then arrive downstream TBC overplate 179 downwards, described downstream TBC overplate covers on downstream line panel 180.It should be noted that in this arrangement, hot fluid flowing is close on TBC edge, and is the flow direction of similar drip molding in opposite face and Figure 10 b.This embodiment utilizes the top of such as hexagonal array and shaping vertical wall 173 firmly to keep the sub-cross section of TBC, such as TBC locking member 181.TBC coating can be applied in any known TBC application process, material and coated inside.Breaking of thinner TBC cross section between secure lock element 181 example can be controlled by the TBC application of temperature of metallic substrates.This mechanical strees pre-set causes due to the different thermal expansion coefficient between substrate and overall vertical wall 173 and TBC cross section or thin slice.This mechanical strees is set between service temperature or cold environment to suppress TBC to break or to allow coating breaks down to be unified into TBC element 181 example of secure lock.After TBC coating, phase zone by machine manufacture or wearing and tearing think TBCCVG array 178 offer the best TBC material stage edge and in order to surface conformance, other TBC surface can carry out similar process.

An extra Flows nozzle 189 at an angle can be assembled in the downstream in the stage of TBCCVG array 178 or be equipped with on the upstream in CVG stage 172 of protruding facing, and this nozzle (or nozzle array) can conduct electricity in the flowing of surface film cooling fluid, and/or from the extra BL galvanization of of fluid mobile source of the pressurization be positioned at above phase zone, because this is a fixed surface, such as LPT stator paillon foil can be considered.The example guided is sheared in optional stepping developing tank and/or stepping can be added into the pipe surface being positioned at the CVG stage, but unclear display on the way.

Figure 10 a and 10b illustrates basic flat panel, but in order to be applied to the cross section that any pipe surface is arranged, the manufacturing process of described flat panel also can be applied to surface array and have the stage of 3D sinuousness.These hexagonal features may be used for best CVG flowing angle, such as at downstream edge about 22 degree, and but triangle or diamond-shaped may be used for less TBC cross section will cause metal quality ratio higher between wall and layer cross section.Typical pipeline section can form the thickness of about 0.5mm to 3mm, but this is not limiting condition, and according to operation pressure etc., Yi Jibi, layer, polygon type and size and TBC thickness, can regulate to meet design requirement as required.

Cooling turbine bucket can make these polygon keeping characteristics fix LE surface TBC coating to resist and do inertia loading, and in this example, if needed for cooling LE and arrange water source, this can penetrate after TBC coating and step-by-step process etc.Do not have the rearmounted step blade cooling on the surface of TBC to be undertaken by cooled flow subsequently, described cooled flow is introduced by such as rear portion fluid nozzle inlet 95 at an angle, such as, and the cooling of inner vanes skin and TE cooling bath.

Line tube, conventional pipe, nozzle, can be incorporated to or be transferred in the CVG with appropriate intervals to reduce skin resistance and energy efficiency.For spiral weld or pipe crimping, before rolling is shaped or welds, the inside CVG adding projection facing or mechanical molding can be easy to be integrated in the preparation method of any compatibility.It should be noted that interval between CVG needs enough large to such an extent as to the expansion that relaminarization and whirlpool, end can occur is very important, otherwise result will be disadvantageous concerning drag reduction, just as bumper/spoiler of the prior art or traditional VG array.

Conformal vortex burner: Figure 11 a illustrates the common setting of change the outfit briquetting and the conformal vortex burner of actv. or a gas generator design, show the cross section of the local of the inclination of a subsegment, described setting provides a setting improved for the CVG integrated.Burner section can receive the output of compressor, be equipped with oxidizer burn in controlled exothermal reaction input fuel to produce heat and/or produce accelerate fluid flowing, these running in need.

Due to the region of the maximal pressure in burner section normally device, an external burner pressure wall 200 is connected to HPC cover (being in HPC at outer wall and inwall to be connected) by input interface 201, and is also connected to HPT cover with the integraty keeping high pressure by output interface 202.Burner section input breather vane 203 and burner section export breather vane 204 and are used for limiting the circumference range of this burner section subsegment at whole burner array and volume.These burner section breather vanes 203 and 204 also can be selected to form certain angle and distortion with axial flow by stock, and utilize the blade of enough coolings, these blades can spread as a part for stator structure and racemization HPC exports flowing (utilizing 203) and/or in radial dimension, also defines burner section flowing output angle degree and the very effective HPT being used as briquetting and integration enters stationary blade (utilizing 204), thus the design allowing best flowing to export angle directly imports HPT first moving blades.

Passing hole E enters burner inlet and the dispersion face of burned device entrance is spread and slows down subsequently for the speed that fluid flow stream amount limits with HPC and temperature (and may quoted passage export breather vane and change), and be in addition divided into three road air-flows afterwards and flow into top by-pass prot F, bottom by-pass prot H and fuel-rich burner aperture G.Burner section input CVG array 205 is added on around the inside circumference of ingate E, expand/spread entrance at this to show to suppress pipeline fluid isolation, lower resistance and the higher flow efficiency of permission and/or compacter entrance flow design, and this array is also applicable to existing burner tubes surface.

The flow part designed in the G of hole flows between bottom CVG burner section guide rail 2013 and top CVG burner section guide rail 225, here fuel is injected into this stage and vortex filament flows out from burner section bottom (and top) mixer CVG array 207, and this fuel-rich material mixing further illustrates the speed of flame front at the downstream diffusion zone of fuel-rich hole burning I, is the place of early start enriched combustion here.Then fuel-rich material mixed flame leading edge enters lean-burn hole J after being present in one default period, adds extra bypath air here and burning completes smoothly in the second instant lean-burn step, then completes oxidized, produces small amounts nitrogen.The burning of last fuel/be oxidized completes in this section of exclusive times from the egress hole K around output interface 202.

In the outlet of hole I, on CVG burner section guide rail 213 and 225TE, the array of upper and lower flameholding protrusion 216 is used for being limited by the prospect spape of combustion fuel and remaining on the front and back of these protrusions.The outlet prospect spape of flameholding protrusion 216 also operates and increases TE further and flow downward and help to mix the by-pass prot air of the inside entering lean-burn hole J from pipeline F and H of contracting as the Gurney protrusion that actv. promotes and resistance is modified.Also add protrusion gap 215 to enter into part that hole J and bypath air carry out mixing and complete continuous print lean-burn circulate to manage tangential fuel-rich vortex filament.Owing to having LPT and fan blade LET, these flameholding protrusions 216 can be configured to certain angle and be divided into the part of other vertical fluid flowing.

If fluid-flow rate increases in burner section input (inside of the hole I that then enters), initial fuel-rich flame leading edge will be return in the I of hole backward until pipeline adjusts the fluid velocity of local until consistent with the rate of fire travel under being diffused in those physical conditions.In order to the stability of flame, which has limited the minimal diffusion (surface curvature) needed for rear portion of hole I, and when maximum fluidity speed, the front that flame front should export at flameholding protrusion 216 and TE.Because be related to the output speed of HPC, the ratio of the size of hole E, G and I effectively controls the speed that fuel mix enters fuel-rich room.The proportional control of hole E, G and I is the fuel-rich to bypass of burner section, the flow of cooling and lean-burn air.When firing unit array 227 element is closed, the horizontal vortex filament being positioned at the front and back of the strong flameholding protrusion 216 of machinery is also used as ignition source for subsequent use that is highly stable and prevention flow interference.Because fuel-rich room produces amount of heat on local flow surface and flameholding protrusion 216 and TE, therefore respectively at increase top, place CVG cooling fluid pipeline 226 and the bottom CVG cooling fluid pipeline 212 of adjacent top CVG pipe main body 224 and bottom CVG pipe main body 214.Colder fluid flowing in the CVG cooling duct of these upper and lowers is such as controlled by cooling ingate, bottom 221, and cooling ingate, described bottom has lower burner guide rail 213 and bottom CVG pipe main body 214 to be formed.From cooling-air a large amount of ostium J at a certain angle that these CVG cooling fluid pipelines 226 and 221 flow out.Because these cooling ducts are that flowing thicker in burner tubes controls paillon foil, therefore they are included in CVG burner section guide rail, if but these guide rail paillon foils are enough thin and enough cool, outer rail flow surface can cool these paillon foils and not need internal cooling pipeline.It should be noted that, the burner section embodiment of Figure 11 a usually and its midplane be symmetrical, therefore the mark of repetition is eliminated in some cases to provide clearer figure, but actually by having implied that specific embodiment is that the intention of symmetric design have expressed this meaning.

When most burner power release has occurred in the frame of fluid flow inlet aperture J after fuel lean-burn; therefore add lower part wall cooling surface 217 and top wall cooling surface 220 is not influenced by heat to protect burner section external pressure surface, and these structure intercepts part in pipeline F and H as the fluid of film cooling media.In order to the surface protecting burner section to export the both sides of breather vane 204; adding similarly is the such protective cover of side cooling surface 219, and these have also tackled entering of the fluid as film cooling media of (before from CVG burner body) in pipeline F and H.Cooling surface 217,220 and 219 may be used for the TBC on the known surface being arranged in the frame of hole J, or the CMC panel that can be manufactured into for reducing thermal flow and oxidation hazards, and can select for drag reduction CVG array, similarly be that the two sides of bottom cooling surface CVG array 218 is to reduce resistance.The TBC of prior art also can be used in a part in such as burner section guide rail 213 and 225 surface to reduce the local heat flux that enters burner surface and then this energy can export at burner section and enter HPT section and obtain afterwards for useful operation.Fig. 9 a, the Flows concept of 9b, 10a and 10b also can be selected for any surface in this burner section of improvement thus improves flowing and reduce resistance.

Flight Fuel Tank 208 and main fuel flow box 211 provide fuel flowing, then fuel flowing is filtered, pressurize and formulate fuel flowing order, and described flight Fuel Tank and main fuel flow box have independently angled flight fuel oil atomizer 209 and main fuel spray nozzle 210, fuel flowing is imported mixer CVG array 207 phase zone by described flight fuel oil atomizer and main fuel spray nozzle.Described flight fuel oil atomizer 209 flows smaller and can be inserted into closer to CVG region to guarantee overcome speed fuel and coagulability by strong stepping vortex filament thus make liquid fuel particle breakdown and atomization, and mix a part for this fuel-rich fuel, then flow into CVG end eddy current and get back to downstream turbulent reduce region with reduces flame transmission speed then start light a fire.In this manner, the fluid flowing of high speed can be had in mixer CVG array 207 phase zone, which provide high-eddy mixing intensity and postponed original heat output until access aperture I.When the Energy transmission that demand is higher, the pressure in main fuel flow box 211 makes it enter mixer CVG array 207 phase zone by main fuel spray nozzle 210 same purpose in fuel.This example illustrates position and injects closest to the main fuel spray nozzle 210 with certain angle of CVG end regions and by this for part fuel or be sprayed into most high speed vortex filament and be used for burning.Utilize the fuel of unnecessary one to inject array and arrange and change the current ratio needed, thus allowing the shearing of better traffic flow to change the generation of the cal val of work capacity or demand.The nozzle of reality can be other setting, size, and the diverse location of shape and example and placement still still obtains the better low resistance fuel injection brought by the CVG array eddy current of use integration and the advantage mixed.Described CVG array allows low resistance mode to increase less fuel flow nozzle and to mix with strong and the combination of the breakup of drop.Cannot the liquid bead occasion of broken condensation in eddy current amount, this burner section also can use gaseous fuel to inject nature gas (methane) or hydrogen etc., but ensure that most probable fluid input/fuel mix.

Liquid fuel flow gasification energy may be used for balancing exercisable mixer CVG array 207 stage, Fuel Tank, the cooling down operation of nozzle and adjacent domain and can by changing preparation method, material and design improves thus controls or split the thermal flow importing etc. in downstream.

Figure 11 b illustrates a kind of like this section-drawing of example, namely the part of the downstream agent such as 213 and 226 and 216 is manufactured, such as pottery inserts, after pottery, body 228 has extra interface CVG array 229, main body transmission after described interface CVG array intercalating dye nozzle, to reduce the heat that is conducted in Fuel Tank, or downstream face can be coated with the metallic coatings such as TBC, to be decreased through the permeability of heat of interface CVG array 229 connecting surface to the part of hole I.Body 228 after the pottery of a connection after 213 and 225 paillon foils changed, supports the flowing of hole F and H pipeline and fuel-rich hole I permission carrys out simplified design by the demand removing CVG cooled flow pipeline 226 and 212 etc.Described firing unit array 227 conductor can be integrated into pottery or CMC main body or be connected with pottery or CMC main body by electric wire, or such as to utilize similarly be the hole of the such refractory metal of tungsten through core room, the wall portion of spark discharge to the second conductor or cooling, and this provide a kind of design that can maintain very high combustion temperature.After pottery the top of body 228 or the interface CVG array 229 of outer surface the CVG stage in illustrate an extra burner section at an angle and insert nozzle 230.Because the pressure in hole F/H and hole I can be changed according to the input pressure of hole E and adjust, can be inserted into like this and to be vented and the fluid cooled from upstream to apply pressure to the core of body 228 after pottery a little, and the example then inserting nozzle 230 by burner section resists cooled flow to improve the momentum BL of the hole H after pottery on body 228 limit and/or the fluid flowing on the I of hole.Burner section inserts nozzle 230 also can be applied to external pipe entrance CVG array 222 and inner tube surface CVG array 223.Guiding is sheared in optional stepping developing tank and/or stepping can join the rear body 228 of pottery, but not clear in the drawings display.

Figure 11 B shows amended 213 and 225 paillon foils, thin-wall castings and Fuel Tank, and these elements can be solids or provide correct flow profile with the combination manufacture of any preparation method.Extra interface CVG array 229 can have its region or end-compensated or the occasion different from mixer CVG array 207 to increase fuel mix.Fuel injection pressure can be controlled to guarantee at the required enough Flow in Nozzles of work capacity and guarantee that any liquid fuel entered can not from being reduced to until leave fuel oil atomizer under aqueous vapor pressure, thus can not vapour lock liquid fuel flow.

The example of other CVG arrays is included in other equally to reducing on the favourable burner surface of burner section resistance, and institute displaying mixer CVG array 207 is obviously higher than stage structures, because it is mainly used in guaranteeing enough fuel mix and relevant eddy currents, and there is the effect of a level drag reduction.In appropriate circumstances, also can in upper and lower increases on the surface surface C VG array 206 and external pipe surface entrance CVG array 222 and inner tube surface CVG array 223 to reduce on whole surface from the resistance of flow surface and the fluid gap allowing the wide dimension of a Re value not included in burner section and pipe surface loss.

It can have more than one pair of burner section guide rail 213 and 225, or a burner section guide rail 213 (the rear body 228 of pottery may be had), arrange the optimal flow in single burner section, described burner section is limited by external burner pressure wall 200, thus promotes design configuration etc.Core design can change according to constant radius (according to turn of engine axle) in fact, the subsegment design of plane as shown in fig. lla, if this example structure variant has better effect to design, the burner section guide rail 213 and 225/228 (similarly being more venturi tube) having and be incorporated to circular symmetric can be designed.Burner section guide rail 213 and 225 also can be arranged to radial have with actv. aim at radial mixer CVG array 207, and equally for by high-pressure turbine inlet stationary blade with comprise injection hole and combustion chamber combines.According to other pattern of flow, such as flow duct that is folding and reversion and burner section path, the path such as found in Allison250, PW300, and the turbine engine of other smaller szies, CVG Combustion chamber design can make simple modification.

This CVG vortex flow mixed strategy also can be referred to the tubes/conduits line improved in flowing and hybrid interface and other burner types by it, described burner section such as liquid fuel and oxide burn device and supply centrifugal vortex wheel pump (there is the optional impeller CVG integrated), thus for similarly to be hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket or this working fluid of propelling unit may be before flame front flare point in the application of low temperature and before ignition, to need to carry out at high speeds in the application of careful mixing and launched by exhaust nozzle thus produce in the application of thrust.Because fuel flowing is dammed or changes, the type of this burner section can be the mixer slab construction with flowing filler opening, and these can have the CVG being embedded into circumference exits vortex filament to improve burning and mixing stability to provide.

The embodiment of another burner section is a kind of solid-fuelled configuration, and there, fuel is fixed in pressure containment or in (with actv.) semiclosed tubes/conduits substructure.The oxide that combustion process produces is blended in solid fuel completely, or introduce in oxide flowing (similarly being the N2O that Rutan/Virgin milky way driving engine uses), and useful residues of combustion (actv. process is carried out in input fluid flowing) forms one thrust by outlet nozzle output importing.The pipeline CVG embodiment of Figure 10 before described containment/duct wall and/or nozzle can be regarded as, there is CVG and show that fuel exhausts to provide low-resistance output flow surface interface, and TBC can be integrated into together with cooling jet, such as, in HPT turbine blade.Skin resistance loss on traditional cone/bell or commercially available plug discharge nozzle flow surface and vibrations can be enhanced by using CVG configuration and/or change.Hypergolic fuel blending box thinks that combustion chamber equally works and also can use CVG or have nozzle.

Fuel supply line, pump, firing unit and other annexes etc. are not clearly shown, because they are all standardized, and are all form common in prior art and function.Figure 11 and 11b representative but be not accurate ratio and hole fluid flowing separate and adjustment, the fluid transmission time, component size and example also have position, can in order to operating environment and fuel etc. according to demand, based on the basic conception of the CVG integrated to use low resistance, changed in a large number to meet design goal; This CVG can be used in the drag reduction of all improvement, fuel atomization and mixed contracting, high-quality, anti-emission carburetor and the burner section of energy efficient.Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b can be the size of the routine that such as CFM-56 burner section is such in whole or in part, but according to the needs that specific gas generator is applied, can scale up or reduce in size and length etc.If total internal surface area of the conformal turbine burner of a up-to-date technology is similar to the burner section of prior art, the design of this up-to-date technology definitely can drag reduction and exceed the design of prior art, and have be designed for corrigendum difference/diffusion pipeline path and foil fragment and flowing velocity to provide the ability of failure-free burner section

These have surprising high temperature diversified as described herein and or the scope of type of embodiment of high pressure to come the fluid flowing of improving device and energy efficiency be the most basic ability that the CVG of unpredictable consequence and integration applies, although they simply do not realize by the existing vortex generator of tradition.The embodiment of all references and change, in their the most common level, utilizing novel conformal vortex generator to process or handle Newtonian fluid flowing similarly is improve energy efficiency and/or larger range of control to obtain, and this does not realize by prior art.

Therefore; the disclosed information content is most preferred embodiment of the present invention, and can scope of invention required for protection be limited and any be that apparent characteristic sum optionally designs being incorporated herein of being all considered because of this to those skilled in the art.Therefore, be not that the feature described according to preferred embodiment completely limits, but determine scope of the present invention according to claim afterwards.

Claims (amendment according to treaty the 19th article)

1. be applied to the pneumatic/fluid mechanics processing equipment of Newtonian fluid flowing, thus improve operational energy efficiency and/or design fluid flowing range of control, comprising:

I () input fluid source apparatus, provides the mobile source of the Newtonian fluid described in, and a part for described inlet flow body source is transported to,

(ii) the fluid flowing modification face that adopts of the pneumatic/fluid mechanics processing equipment of described Newtonian fluid flowing, described fluid flowing modification face at least has a conformal vortex generator arrangement, at least process a part of described Newtonian fluid flowing, decline by adopting flowing angle, roll the most of boundary 1ayer entering described Newtonian fluid flow mass, and a part was processed inlet flow body source and be delivered to

(iii) an output fluid interface device is as restriction and a free-flowing stepping-whirlpool, flow into a kind of dynamic tip vortices line flowed backward tightly be limited on output surface, and/or higher energy boundary layer is provided, thinning and/or the stratification again in the described output surface downstream that described flowing angle is declined, this output surface downstream this be adjacent to the tip vortices line of flowing

The application of wherein said conformal vortex generator arrangement, by reducing a downstream fluid isolation and/or thinning downstream side interlayer, thus improving described fluid flowing range of control, providing better operational energy efficiency and/or design and operation ability.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described conformal vortex generator is an integrated conformal vortex generator, embed wholly exists, be made up of identical material, and overall manufacture in described fluid flowing modification face, in order to the design of a new drive ability.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described integrated conformal vortex generator is configured in design and/or test process, in order to improve performance.

4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described fluid flowing modification face is parts of this combination, comprise: fluid flow duct, transportation work style machine on one side, a compressor, a pump, one burner apparatus, one rotor paillon foil, a stator paillon foil, a screw propeller or a turbine apparatus, and at least adopt a conformal vortex generator arrangement flowed on modification face at described fluid, thus improve efficiency by the resistance and/or Stretch-out operation ability reducing fluid flowing.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the parts in described fluid flowing modification face adopt an extra angled injection fluid injection port, the fluid source of convenient pressure is connected to by a pressurizer, injecting fluid flowing and increase additional momentum to the boundary 1ayer downstream in described conformal vortex generator arrangement, in order to avoid be projected into freedom of entry fluid and do not produce additional flow or come from the degradation of energy of impact flow.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the setting of described angled injection fluid injection port is to provide opposing to clogged with fragments and the extra material object of selectable employing fluid injecting mouth group carrys out redundancy.

7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, by benefiting from the downstream of the described conformal vortex generator that speed and/or pressure gradient cause, the setting that described angled injection fluid injection port puts into fluid flow injection chamber is in order to injecting fluid flowing momentum enters boundary layer.

8. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described angled injection fluid injection port says that fluid enters the setting in fluid flow injection chamber, in order to increase fluid diffusivity.

9. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described angled injection fluid injection port adds refrigerant fluid to boundary 1ayer, cools a surperficial downstream of described conformal vortex generator arrangement.

10. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the described parts in fluid flowing modification face additionally adopt one stepping-developing tank and/or a stepping to shear and guide, improve the effect of described conformal vortex generator arrangement.

11. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described parts in fluid flowing modification face adopt be similar to forward position one first described in conformal vortex generator arrangement, this device produces most advanced and sophisticated freely stream and promotes the line of whirl loss guiding thickness being limited in this surface and/or compression downstream boundary layer region tightly, and the extra downstream adopting one second conformal vortex generator arrangement, is positioned at and is similar to lagging dege thus further revises surperficial whirlpool and/or improve efficiency.

12. methods as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the described fluid source of convenient pressure is connected to described angled injection fluid injection port by pressurizer, when not having to spray the danger flown out, fluid flowing modification face allows to spray fluid flow and momentum increase to greatest extent, and therefore described convenient pressure changes with the change of fluid-flow rate.

13. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described parts in fluid flowing modification face adopt extra conformal vortex generator arrangement, produce and most advanced and sophisticated freely flow the restriction tightly of flow eddies line on a surface and/or compress the thickness of this downstream side interlayer on the surface, the surface of this application towards relative motion liquid flow surfaces between gap, for hindering the fluid flowing by described gap and reducing the loss of degradation of energy and/or clearance flow flowing.

14. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described parts in fluid flowing modification face are taked to arrange conformal vortex generator, therefore be entrained in have enough energy fluid flowing in fragment can cause physical damage, be easy to the cleaning above lower surface thus the impact in downstream and/or erosion damage minimized.

15. methods as claimed in claim 2; it is characterized in that; described integrated conformal vortex generator is set to the integrated conformal vortex generator arrangement of local step height; thus an intrinsic register mark is provided and is the additional attachments of melting in order to the thinner and/or lighter burning of a coupling on conformal vortex generator element with reference to arrangement; now configure one and finally combine conformal vortex generator, the step height with enhancing and/or the thinner and/or lighter burning protecting described coupling melt the structure of conformal vortex generator element.

16. methods as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described fluid flow injection chamber is connected to described angled fluid injecting mouth, described angled fluid injecting mouth is connected to the fluid source of convenient pressure by described pressurizer, adopt suction by fluid flowing from described boundary layer sucking-off, thus improve fluid flow downstream and benefit from the downstream of the described conformal vortex generator that speed and/or pressure gradient cause.

17. methods as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, the method is applied in fluid flowing shape face, when configuration one first fluid flow injection chamber, the supercharging entity of angled fluid injecting mouth and employing suction flows to the angled fluid injecting mouth of second instance and fluid flow injection chamber for transmitting charging fluid, be positioned at the lower local compression region on described dynaflow body surface, a relative higher pressure fluid is served as by described second injecting cavity entity by means of being injected from the fluid of described first injecting cavity entity extraction, thus improve described second instance downstream fluid flow, and benefit from the downstream of the conformal vortex generator of described second instance that speed and/or pressure gradient cause, and improve performance and the efficiency of the flowing of body fluid.

18. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described combustor component in fluid flowing modification face adopts described integrated conformal vortex generator arrangement, this device produces and most advanced and sophisticated freely flows the restriction tightly of flow eddies line on a surface and/or compress the thickness of this downstream side interlayer on the surface, and is configured to combine integrated turbine and inputs stator flow guide plane and produce more high efficiency and/or a compacter burner design.

19. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, pneumatic/fluid mechanics the processing equipment of described Newtonian fluid flowing is a gas turbine engine, at least adopt fluid-flow duct, one compressor, a burner apparatus and a turbine apparatus, wherein at least comprise a fluid flowing modification face, adopt conformal vortex generator arrangement, thus improve efficiency by the resistance and/or Stretch-out operation ability reducing fluid flowing.

20. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described combustor component in fluid flowing modification face adopts described conformal vortex generator arrangement, this device to be arranged on burner surface and to produce and most advanced and sophisticatedly freely flows the restriction tightly of flow eddies line on a surface and/or compress the thickness of described burner surface upstream and downstream boundary layer region, and be provided with extra outlet nozzle as output fluid feedway, in order to form the displacement fluids flowing producing thrust.

21. methods as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, form the described outlet nozzle of a displacement fluids flowing, adopt an extra conformal vortex generator arrangement, this device is arranged on nozzle surface, and produce and most advanced and sophisticated freely flow the restriction tightly of flow eddies line on a surface and/or compress the thickness of described burner surface upstream and downstream boundary layer region, in order to reduce displacement fluids resistance to flow and/or Stretch-out operation ability.

22. methods as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that, one association, angled injection fluid injection port adds refrigerant fluid to boundary 1ayer, cool a surperficial downstream of described conformal vortex generator arrangement and benefit from the downstream of the described conformal vortex generator that speed and/or pressure gradient cause, described vortex generator is applied to described nozzle.

23. methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described conformal vortex generator arrangement is arranged in the design in described fluid flowing modification face, in order to described new service requirement, comprising: add the isolation-free angle of the angle of attack and/or increase blade angle of revolution and/or less flow process.

24. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, pneumatic/fluid mechanics the processing equipment of described Newtonian fluid flowing at least have employed: an input connecting device, at least be connected to an integrated conformal vortex generator in conduit or pipeline, described integrated conformal vortex generator is connected to an output unit, to control fluid flow resistance and degradation of energy.

25. methods as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the described compressor on fluid flowing modification face and turbine part combine, thus form turbocharger entity.

26. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described fluid flow conduit parts on fluid flowing modification face are configured to the flowing body that has closedown and/or open end, and the application of wherein said conformal vortex generator arrangement reduces the be in operation symmetrical resistance of described body and/or asymmetric driftage induction force.

27. methods as claimed in claim 26, is characterized in that, described flowing body changes the free flight with kinetic energy in advance into, the usefulness therefore improved and/or fluid rheology can spreading range and/or road steady.

28. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described parts on fluid flowing modification face adopt the entity of one or more described conformal vortex generator, this producer is provided with different and/or uneven space geometric from along described fluid flowing decorative cover, thus reduce and/or avoid tuning vibrating mode and/or coherent reflecting point, so that mechanical vibration pattern and/or bending to minimize.

29. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, fluid flow pipe duct device is not additionally having the face of fluid control to adopt omphalos wall, having the radius that wall support root blend radius is greater than right angle joint, having the thermal conduction rating of optimization and/or the pipe surface of beam intensity to install one.

30. 1 kinds of pneumatic/hydromechanical treatment facilities of Newtonian fluid flowing, have improvement operational energy efficiency and/or design fluid flowing range of control, comprising:

I () inlet flow body source, provides the mobile source of the Newtonian fluid described in, and a part for described inlet flow body source is transported to,

(ii) described fluid flowing modification face, at least has a conformal vortex generator, at least processes a part of described Newtonian fluid flowing, and a part is processed inlet flow body source and be delivered to,

31. equipment as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, described conformal vortex generator is an integrated conformal vortex generator, embed wholly exists, be made up of identical material, and overall manufacture in described fluid flowing modification face, in order to the design of a new drive ability.

32. equipment as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, arrange described conformal vortex generator to produce hydrodynamic force line of whirl, act on the development suppressing cavitation bubbles, to reduce the damage and/or the noise that derive from hole as far as possible.

33. equipment as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, arranging described conformal vortex generator is to produce hydrodynamic force line of whirl, and these hydrodynamic force line of whirl act on revises Acoustic Wave Propagation thus the noise suppressing generation.

Claims

(ii) the fluid flowing modification face that adopts of the pneumatic/fluid mechanics processing equipment of described Newtonian fluid flowing, described fluid flowing modification face at least has a conformal vortex generator arrangement, at least process a part of described Newtonian fluid flowing, and a part was processed inlet flow body source and be delivered to

(iii) an output fluid feedway, the Newtonian fluid processed flowing is transported to an output interface, application by means of described conformal vortex generator arrangement decreases the loss of Newtonian fluid flowing and/or improves described fluid flowing range of control, provides better operational energy efficiency and/or design and operation ability.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described conformal vortex generator is an integrated conformal vortex generator, and embed wholly is in described fluid flowing modification face.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the parts in described fluid flowing modification face adopt an extra angled injection fluid injection port, be connected to the fluid source of convenient pressure by a pressurizer, injecting fluid flows and increases additional momentum to the boundary 1ayer downstream in described conformal vortex generator arrangement.

11. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described parts in fluid flowing modification face additionally adopt one second conformal vortex generator arrangement, be positioned at one before conformal vortex generator arrangement downstream described in lagging dege, first on the surface, further reduce resistance and improve efficiency.

13. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described parts in fluid flowing modification face adopt extra conformal vortex generator arrangement on a surface, this surface towards relative motion liquid flow surfaces between gap, for hindering by the flowing of the fluid in described gap and reducing the loss of degradation of energy and/or clearance flow flowing.

15. methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described integrated conformal vortex generator is set thus register mark is provided and with reference to arrangement, in order to one burns the optional accessory melting conformal vortex generator, thus provides one to have the final producer improving step height.

18. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described combustor component in fluid flowing modification face is set and produces more high efficiency and/or a compacter burner design to combine integrated turbine input stator flow guide plane.

20. methods as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the described combustor component in fluid flowing modification face is provided with extra nozzle as output fluid feedway, in order to form the displacement fluids flowing producing thrust.

21. methods as claimed in claim 20, is characterized in that, form the described nozzle of a displacement fluids flowing, adopt and arrange an extra conformal vortex generator to reduce displacement fluids resistance to flow and/or Stretch-out operation ability.

23. methods as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, arrange described conformal vortex generator arrangement, in order to produce interactional whirlpool and destroy fluid impact ripple, thus reduce the degradation of energy of shock wave.

26. methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described fluid flow conduit parts on fluid flowing modification face are configured to the flowing body that has closedown and/or open end, and the described conformal vortex generator that is in operation reduces resistance and/or driftage induction force.

28. methods as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the described parts on fluid flowing modification face adopt the described conformal vortex generator being configured with different solid, so that mechanical vibration pattern and/or bendingly to minimize.

(iii) an output fluid feedway, the part processing inlet flow body source is transported to an output interface, application by means of described conformal vortex generator arrangement decreases the loss of Newtonian fluid flowing and/or improves described fluid flowing range of control, provides better operational energy efficiency and/or design and operation ability.

31. equipment as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, described conformal vortex generator is an integrated conformal vortex generator, and embed wholly is in described fluid flowing modification face.