CN103161667A - Control system and control method of load of wind turbine generator - Google Patents
Control system and control method of load of wind turbine generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103161667A CN103161667A CN2013100526436A CN201310052643A CN103161667A CN 103161667 A CN103161667 A CN 103161667A CN 2013100526436 A CN2013100526436 A CN 2013100526436A CN 201310052643 A CN201310052643 A CN 201310052643A CN 103161667 A CN103161667 A CN 103161667A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention discloses a control system and a control method of load of a wind turbine generator. The control system comprises a fan control system, a brake control system, a converter control system, a blade control system, a yawing driven control system, a tower strain sensor, an air speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a rotor speed sensor and a blade strain gage. The fan control system is respectively connected with the brake control system, the converter control system, the blade control system, the yawing driven control system, the tower strain sensor, the air speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the rotor speed sensor and the blade strain gage through data lines. According to the control system, under the condition of large yawing error at high wind speed, the running mode of the wind turbine generator is changed through the fan control system so that the load of the wind turbine generator can be within a normal range, and the load of the wind turbine generator can be reduced. The control system reduces the load of the control system, decreases the risk of overload of the wind turbine generator and greatly reduces probability of accidents of the wind turbine generator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control field of wind power generating set, particularly a kind of control system and controlling method thereof of wind-powered electricity generation unit load.
Background technique
In order to protect the wind-powered electricity generation unit not destroy because of overload, unit has adopted some control subsystem when design, as utilizes blade control system, brake control system and yaw control system come restrict rotor speed and reduce structural loads.Traditional blower fan control system may receive the orientation of controlling the wind-powered electricity generation unit from the information of one or more wind transducers, for example: anemoscope, three-D ultrasonic recording anemometer, velocity of sound detection system (SODAR) or laser detection system (LIDAR), these sensors all are fixed on the structure of blower fan basically, and rotate with blower fan around its axle, measure the running shaft of wind-powered electricity generation unit and the angular error between the measurement wind direction, and then adjust the error of wind-powered electricity generation unit and wind direction.Although blower fan control system can partly can reduce the load on wind power generation unit blade, Transmitted chains, tower cylinder and basis, but blower fan control system is after receiving yaw error, and yaw control system will come yaw error operating electrical machines or oil hydraulic motor to make the relative tower top rotation of wind-powered electricity generation unit as input.For control excitation load and the gyroscopic effect that reduces to come due to wind-powered electricity generation unit rotating band, particularly for the large-scale wind electricity unit, the speed that drives the wind-powered electricity generation set yaw is very slow, yawing velocity is at 3 °/S or lower, and dynamic wind will cause the wind-powered electricity generation unit in the situation that there is very large yaw error to meet with very large wind speed relatively.When the yaw angle error ratio was larger, for example about 25 °, the load on blade and tower cylinder will be over the load of normal operation.Load under so large yaw error is very crucial to wind-powered electricity generation unit structural design.So traditional control system of blower fan may not be sufficiently rapid, accurate and direction effective regulating wind power unit avoid damaging the load of wind-powered electricity generation unit, therefore a kind of more effective method and system is necessary.
Summary of the invention
Be to solve the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the present invention will design a kind of control system and controlling method thereof that can reduce the wind-powered electricity generation unit load of the load that the wind-powered electricity generation unit particularly bears in running when large its driftage of wind speed has larger variation.
to achieve these goals, technological scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of control system of wind-powered electricity generation unit load, comprise blower fan control system, brake control system, converter control system, the blade control system, the driftage driving control system, tower cylinder strain transducer, air velocity transducer, wind transducer, spinner velocity sensor and blade strainometer, described blower fan control system by datawire respectively with brake control system, converter control system, the blade control system, the driftage driving control system, tower cylinder Motion sensor, air velocity transducer, wind transducer, the spinner velocity sensor is connected with the blade strainometer,
Described blower fan control system comprises department of computer science's remote equipment of unifying, and described computer system is connected with remote equipment by network;
Described computer system comprises processor, storage, display device, external interface, internal memory, network interface, input device and blower fan sensor, described processor is connected with storage, processor, display device, external interface, internal memory, network interface, input device and blower fan sensor respectively by bus, and described network interface is connected with remote equipment by network; Described blower fan sensor comprises tower cylinder strain transducer, air velocity transducer, wind transducer, spinner velocity sensor and blade strainometer.
Bus of the present invention comprises memory bus, peripheral bus or local bus; Described storage comprises random access memory or ROM (read-only memory), and it stores all or part of instruction; Described network interface device comprises WAN network interface, local net network interface, telephone network interface or with the digital network interface of phone and sound.
A kind of controlling method of control system of wind-powered electricity generation unit load comprises the following steps:
A, when running of wind generating set, the blade strainometer that the tower cylinder strain transducer that blower fan control system is installed at the bottom of the tower respectively, root of blade are installed, air velocity transducer, wind transducer, spinner velocity sensor obtain the data of load, wind speed, wind direction and rotor speed; And calculate the yaw error in cabin;
B, when the yaw error that occurs the cabin under certain wind speed exceeds predetermined yaw error, blower fan control system switches to shutdown mode or load reduces pattern with the wind-powered electricity generation unit from current operating mode;
C, after the wind-powered electricity generation unit reaches predetermined yaw error value, predetermined air speed value and/or predetermined strain value, the wind-powered electricity generation unit enters shutdown mode; Blower fan control system order blade control system becomes oar at leisure towards flag position direction or stall direction, or requires converter control system to adopt rotor torque that the speed of the wind turbine group rotor that is turning round is lowered; In some cases, order simultaneously the brake control system action, these actions wind turbine group are the most at last stopped, and after stopping, the driftage driving control system will make the cabin again towards the wind direction location, and after end to be positioned, the wind-powered electricity generation unit just allows again to turn round;
D, under certain environment and operating conditions, when load be carried in the tower cylinder of wind-powered electricity generation unit and the basis upper and the wind-powered electricity generation unit is consisted of when directly damaging, avoid long-term accumulated and damage the wind-powered electricity generation unit in order to make load be reduced to level of security, at this moment blower fan control system indication wind-powered electricity generation unit reduces power and enters the operating mode that load reduces, load reduces pattern and comprises the output power that reduces the wind-powered electricity generation unit and/or the rotating speed of rotor, and it is to realize by changing arranging in controller of fan, current transformer and pitch-controlled system that load reduces pattern; After these arrange in change, load moment of torsion and can reduce spinner velocity on rotor; Under certain yaw angle error condition, the operation that load reduces pattern will reduce wind turbine group rotor speed and can keep the wind-powered electricity generation set grid-connection and produce certain power;
E, reducing when the wind-powered electricity generation unit in the process of Power operation, if the yaw error that yaw control system makes the cabin within the acceptable range or fully to after wind, blower fan control system will order the wind-powered electricity generation unit again to decide Power operation with quota.
Predetermined yaw error value of the present invention is for being no more than 45 °, and described predetermined air speed value is no more than 10m/s, and the load that described predetermined strain value is corresponding is more than 20% of load rating.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention in the situation that there is larger yaw error under large wind speed, changes the operating mode of wind-powered electricity generation unit by blower fan control system, makes the load of wind-powered electricity generation unit in normal range (NR), thereby reduces the load of wind-powered electricity generation unit.
2, the present invention reduces the load of wind-powered electricity generation unit, has reduced the risk of wind-powered electricity generation unit overload, has greatly reduced the probability of wind-powered electricity generation unit failure.
3, the present invention reduces the load of wind-powered electricity generation unit, can reduce the design margin of wind-powered electricity generation unit, makes wind-powered electricity generation unit weight lighter, thereby further reduces the gravitational load of wind-powered electricity generation unit, and has reduced the cost of wind-powered electricity generation unit.
4, the operating mode that reduces of load of the present invention, relatively existing hard stop is adjusted the orientation, the operating mode that restarts again behind the orientation that achieves the goal, wind-powered electricity generation unit annual electricity generating capacity is improved, thereby has improved benefit.
5, the present invention proposes a kind of control system of monitoring and reducing wind-powered electricity generation unit and tower cylinder thereof, given tensile load.This control system detects various environment and operating conditions, and makes the wind-powered electricity generation unit with one or more default mode operations of reserving, and comprises that shutdown mode and load reduce pattern, thereby the load that guarantees the wind-powered electricity generation unit is in security level.Its control system is taked to determine whether protecting the wind-powered electricity generation unit based on the parameter of sensor measurement.
Description of drawings
3, the total accompanying drawing of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is based on the control system of wind turbines of sensor parameters.
Fig. 2 is the allocation plan figure of the computing system in blower fan control system.
Fig. 3 is the operating mode figure of wind-powered electricity generation unit.
In figure: 1, tower cylinder strain transducer, 2, blower fan control system, 3, brake control system, 4, converter control system, 5, the blade control system, 6, the driftage driving control system, 7, air velocity transducer, 8, wind transducer, 9, the spinner velocity sensor, 10, blade strainometer, 11, computer system, 12, storage, 13, medium, 14, instruction, 15, display device, 16, the blower fan sensor, 17, network interface, 18, BIOS, 19, internal memory, 20, processor, 21, bus, 22, network, 23, remote equipment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, blower fan control system 2 adopts wind transducer 8 and air velocity transducer 7 to judge the load that acts on the wind-powered electricity generation unit, and takes corresponding action to protect the wind-powered electricity generation unit.In order to determine more specifically yaw error, adopt low-pass filter to calculate yaw error, operator is to move mean wind direction and orientation, cabin by an exponential weighting.Wind speed may determine by cup type anemoscope, laser or Ultrasound Instrument, and these equipment can provide instantaneous wind speed or provide and pre-determine the wind speed that in the time period, average computation is crossed.Tower cylinder strain transducer 1, air velocity transducer 7, wind transducer 8, spinner velocity sensor 9 and blade strainometer 10 are to the blower fan control system 2 detected information of feedback, and blower fan control system 2 will send corresponding action command 14 to brake control system 3, converter control system 4, blade control system 5 and driftage driving control system 6 according to feedack simultaneously.
Fig. 2 has shown the concrete composition of the computer system 11 interior equipment of blower fan control system 2.In computer system 11, a lot of instruction 14 indication blower fan control systems 2 switch at the enterprising row mode of the parameter that detects based on sensor.The instruction 14 that can adopt multiple calculating equipment to carry out concrete setting comes requirement computer system 11 to carry out one or more methods according to expection.Computer system 11 comprises processor 20 and storage 12, carries out communication by bus 21 between processor 20 and storage 12 and miscellaneous part.Storage 12 can for random access memory 12(for example: static RAM (SRAM) " SRAM ", dynamic ram " DRAM " etc.), the combination of ROM (read-only memory) 12 and storage 12.Basic input output system BIOS18, comprise for the passage that helps transmission of information between computer system 11.Computer system 11 also can comprise physics readable storage medium storing program for executing 13.The physics readable storage device can be connected on bus 21 by suitable interface.Interface can be SCSI, serial ATA, USB (USB), IEEE1294(firewire) and the combination.Instruction 14 can be stored in physics computer-readable recording medium 13 whole or in part.Instruction 14 also can be stored in processor 20 whole or in part.Computer system 11 also receives the information from one or more sensors of wind-powered electricity generation unit.Include but not limited to wind transducer 8, air velocity transducer 7, spinner velocity sensor 9 or blade strainometer 10.The user can be by storage 12 and/or network interface 17 equipment to blower fan control system 2 input commands and/or other information.Network interface 17 equipment are used for being connected on different network 22 computer system 11 or multiple remote equipment 23.Realize by network interface 17 equipment with the information of blower fan control system 2 communications.Display device 15 includes but not limited to liquid crystal display 15(LCD), cathode ray tube (CRT), plasma display 15, Light-Emitting Diode (LED) etc.Except display device 15, computer system 11 also comprises other peripheral output units.These peripheral output units are connected on bus 21 by peripheral interface.
As shown in Figure 3; when running of wind generating set; if when also there is the yaw error of presetting more than the yaw error amplitude in certain wind speed simultaneously; its corresponding predictable load is carried on the wind-powered electricity generation unit, and then blower fan control system 2 switches to from normal operation mode the pattern that shutdown mode or load reduce with the wind-powered electricity generation unit.When the wind-powered electricity generation unit enters shutdown mode; blower fan control system 2 order blade control system 5 become oar at leisure towards flag position direction (away from wind) or stall direction (aweather), also may require in addition converter control system 4 to adopt rotor torque that the speed of the wind turbine group rotor that is turning round is lowered.In some cases, the rotor torque of application may reach 50% to 100% of the specified output torque of wind-powered electricity generation unit.These actions wind turbine group are the most at last stopped, and after stopping, driftage driving control system 6 will make the cabin again towards the wind direction location, and the wind-powered electricity generation unit just allows again to turn round like this.Under certain environment and operating conditions, blower fan control system 2 may indicate the wind-powered electricity generation unit to enter the pattern of smaller power, when load be carried in the tower cylinder of wind-powered electricity generation unit and the basis upper and the wind-powered electricity generation unit is consisted of when directly damaging, the pattern that load reduces makes load be reduced to level of security and avoids long-term accumulative total and damage unit.Load reduces pattern and comprises the rated output power that reduces the wind-powered electricity generation unit and/or the rotating speed of rotor, and this pattern is to realize by changing arranging in controller of fan, current transformer and pitch-controlled system.After these arrange in change, load moment of torsion and may reduce spinner velocity on rotor.Under certain yaw angle error condition, this operating mode will reduce wind turbine group rotor speed and can keep the wind-powered electricity generation set grid-connection and produce power.After the power that reduces the wind-powered electricity generation unit, the driftage driving control system 6 make blower fan again to wind so that the wind-powered electricity generation unit energy is decided Power operation with quota again.Reach and reduce that load makes fan operation in the situation that larger yaw angle error thereby reduce the wind-powered electricity generation generating unit speed, so this controlling method is not in the situation that take the dead halt control load.
At the bottom of tower or root of blade corresponding tower cylinder strain transducer 1 or blade strainometer 10 are installed, tower cylinder strain transducer 1 or blade strainometer 10 be the information of load or blade strain at the bottom of reaction towers respectively.Then blower fan control system 2 decides according to the information that these sensors such as wind direction, wind speed and foil gauge provide which kind of pattern that enters.When the measured value of one or several sensor surpasses predetermined value; such as: after predetermined yaw error value (being no more than 45 °), predetermined air speed value are no more than (10m/s) and/or load corresponding to predetermined strain value (load rating 20% or more than), the wind-powered electricity generation unit will enter shutdown mode.
When whether needs determined to switch between operating mode at present and other pattern, blower fan control system 2 may be considered the variance ratio of yaw error and the factor mentioned in the past maybe may adopt above-mentioned some factors to substitute the variance ratio of yaw error.The yaw error variance ratio may reduce the threshold value of yaw error and impel the wind-powered electricity generation unit to enter certain operating mode.
Blower fan control system 2 also uses spinner velocity to determine whether and need to switch to another pattern from a kind of pattern.Blower fan control system 2 adopts the maximum value of yaw error, wind speed or above-mentioned other factors, maybe may inquire about to have made up form or the algorithm of mentioning the various combination of factor in yaw error, wind speed or front and decide certain pattern that when enters.Compare with wind speed with the load that strain transducer 1 at the bottom of pre-set 45 ° of yaw errors, blower fan tower or blade strainometer 10 are measured, relatively little yaw error may make blower fan enter certain pattern, for example the pattern that reduces of load.Perhaps even under high wind speed, the yaw error of less may not need to switch the pattern of moving.These functions can be programmed according to present regulation and stipulation with one or more equipment easily, and the program of being write according to present code requirement by experienced programmer should have readability.Adopt suitable equipment to come the hardware of executive software and/or software module.
Claims (4)
1. the control system of a wind-powered electricity generation unit load, it is characterized in that: comprise blower fan control system (2), brake control system (3), converter control system (4), blade control system (5), driftage driving control system (6), tower cylinder strain transducer (1), air velocity transducer (7), wind transducer (8), spinner velocity sensor (9) and blade strainometer (10), described blower fan control system (2) by datawire respectively with brake control system (3), converter control system (4), blade control system (5), driftage driving control system (6), tower cylinder Motion sensor, air velocity transducer (7), wind transducer (8), spinner velocity sensor (9) is connected 10 with the blade strainometer) connect,
Described blower fan control system (2) comprises computer system (11) and remote equipment (23), and described computer system (11) is connected with remote equipment (23) by network (22);
described computer system (11) comprises processor (20), storage (12), processor (20), display device (15), external interface, internal memory (19), network interface (17), input device and blower fan sensor (16), described processor (20) by bus (21) respectively with storage (12), processor (20), display device (15), external interface, internal memory (19), network interface (17), input device is connected 16 with the blower fan sensor) connect, described network interface (17) is connected with remote equipment (23) by network (22), described blower fan sensor (16) comprises tower cylinder strain transducer (1), air velocity transducer (7), wind transducer (8), spinner velocity sensor (9) and blade strainometer (10).
2. the control system of a kind of wind-powered electricity generation unit load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bus (21) comprises memory bus, peripheral bus or local bus; Described storage (12) comprises random access memory (12) or ROM (read-only memory) (12), and it stores all or part of instruction (14); Described network interface (17) equipment comprises WAN network interface (17), local net network interface (17), telephone network interface (17) or with the digital network interface (17) of phone and sound.
3. the controlling method of the control system of a wind-powered electricity generation unit load is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, when running of wind generating set, the blade strainometer (10) that the tower cylinder strain transducer (1) that blower fan control system (2) is installed at the bottom of the tower respectively, root of blade are installed, air velocity transducer (7), wind transducer (8), spinner velocity sensor (9) obtain the data of load, wind speed, wind direction and rotor speed; And calculate the yaw error in cabin;
B, when the yaw error that occurs the cabin under certain wind speed exceeds predetermined yaw error, blower fan control system (2) switches to shutdown mode or load reduces pattern with the wind-powered electricity generation unit from current operating mode;
C, after the wind-powered electricity generation unit reaches predetermined yaw error value, predetermined air speed value and/or predetermined strain value, the wind-powered electricity generation unit enters shutdown mode; Blower fan control system (2) order blade control system (5) becomes oar at leisure towards flag position direction or stall direction, or requires converter control system (4) to adopt rotor torque that the speed of the wind turbine group rotor that is turning round is lowered; In some cases, order simultaneously brake control system (3) action, these actions wind turbine group are the most at last stopped, after stopping, driftage driving control system (6) will make the cabin again towards the wind direction location, and after end to be positioned, the wind-powered electricity generation unit just allows again to turn round;
D, under certain environment and operating conditions, when load be carried in the tower cylinder of wind-powered electricity generation unit and the basis upper and the wind-powered electricity generation unit is consisted of when directly damaging, avoid long-term accumulated and damage the wind-powered electricity generation unit in order to make load be reduced to level of security, at this moment blower fan control system (2) indication wind-powered electricity generation unit reduces power and enters the operating mode that load reduces, load reduces pattern and comprises the output power that reduces the wind-powered electricity generation unit and/or the rotating speed of rotor, and it is to realize by changing arranging in controller of fan, current transformer and pitch-controlled system that load reduces pattern; After these arrange in change, load moment of torsion and can reduce spinner velocity on rotor; Under certain yaw angle error condition, the operation that load reduces pattern will reduce wind turbine group rotor speed and can keep the wind-powered electricity generation set grid-connection and produce certain power;
E, reducing when the wind-powered electricity generation unit in the process of Power operation, if the yaw error that yaw control system makes the cabin within the acceptable range or fully to after wind, blower fan control system (2) will order the wind-powered electricity generation unit again to decide Power operation with quota.
4. the controlling method of the control system of a kind of wind-powered electricity generation unit load according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described predetermined yaw error value is for being no more than 45 °, described predetermined air speed value is no more than 10m/s, and the load that described predetermined strain value is corresponding is more than 20% of load rating.
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| CN106168195A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-11-30 | 通用电气公司 | The restriction of the fall volume plan for using in wind turbine control |
| CN106351792A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-01-25 | 重集团大连设计研究院有限公司 | Load reducing system of wind generator set and working method of load reducing system |
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| CN106401870A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-02-15 | 通用电气公司 | Wind turbine control using secondary controller to adjust wind speed and/or direction input values |
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| CN113236490A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-10 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Energy storage wind turbine generator set limit load control method, medium and equipment |
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