CN102333952B - 制造风力发电机叶片的方法 - Google Patents

制造风力发电机叶片的方法 Download PDF

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CN102333952B
CN102333952B CN200980157487.1A CN200980157487A CN102333952B CN 102333952 B CN102333952 B CN 102333952B CN 200980157487 A CN200980157487 A CN 200980157487A CN 102333952 B CN102333952 B CN 102333952B
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dunnage
resin
layers
blade
plug
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CN102333952A (zh
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里奥·欧莎奈
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TECSIS Tecnologia e Sistemas Avancados Ltda
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/04Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity
    • B29C31/08Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity of preforms to be moulded, e.g. tablets, fibre reinforced preforms, extruded ribbons, tubes or profiles; Manipulating means specially adapted for feeding preforms, e.g. supports conveyors
    • B29C31/085Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity of preforms to be moulded, e.g. tablets, fibre reinforced preforms, extruded ribbons, tubes or profiles; Manipulating means specially adapted for feeding preforms, e.g. supports conveyors combined with positioning the preforms according to predetermined patterns, e.g. positioning extruded preforms on conveyors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/541Positioning reinforcements in a mould, e.g. using clamping means for the reinforcement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/543Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/465Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheets, powders of fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085Wind turbine blades
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

一种制造风力发电机叶片的方法避免或减少了传统的制造发电机叶片的方法中的存在的一些形成缺陷。所述方法包括:将至少一个支撑板(2)定位于与所述叶片至少部分的预定形状相对应的插件(3)上;将所述支撑板(2)可拆卸地固定于所述插件(3);在所述支撑板(2)上堆叠至少一种材料的多个层(1);将所述多个层(1)缝合至所述支撑板(2);以及将缝合于所述支撑板(2)的多个层(1)转移到模具(4)中,其中所述模具(4)的形状与所述插件(3)的相反形状相对应。

Description

制造风力发电机叶片的方法
技术领域
本发明总体涉及风力发电机叶片,更具体地说,涉及制造叶片的方法及装置以及相应的叶片。
背景技术
风力发电已经出现,成为可再生能源的一种竞争激烈的形式。风力电能经常通过大型发电机产生,大型发电机包括竖直结构,在其顶部设置有至少一个水平轴风力涡轮机,水平轴风力涡轮机包括一个、两个、三个或多个转子叶片。风力发电机(或简单地说风电机)旨在利用特定位置存在的风能,因此在高度、控制系统、叶片数量以及叶片的方向、形状和材料方面是变化的。现有技术中,例如,在Burton等人的John Wiley & SonsLtd.公司,2001的《风能手册(Handbook of Wind Energy)》的第7.1章中,以及美国专利申请公开No.2004/0253114Al和2007/0251090Al中可以发现对用于制造风力发电机叶片的方法和装置的描述。如US2004/0253114Al所提到的,形成所述转子叶片外壳的一些部件可能很难和/或是耗时的,例如,晶石帽,芯材,和/或根部支撑件,从而它们充分支撑转子叶片外壳以及形成为预定的气动外形,例如,由于所述层的尺寸、树脂含量的局部变化、所述层的曲率的局部变化和/或制造过程中施加在外壳上的应力的局部变化。一种解决此问题的可能方法,如US2004/0253114Al所述的,是铺设拉挤(laying up pultrusion),即,将形成后固化的基质和纤维与模具中的木纤维混合并且层压在一起。
发明内容
技术问题
在引用文件中和其他现有技术中所述的实施例没有充分解决与所述风力发电机叶片制造相关的很多问题。尤其是,当在所述模具中叠放所述叶片的预成型或预制件时,这些预成型或预制件可能具有结构(formation)缺陷,如所述层在完全固化前的滑动所造成的波纹。由于波纹降低了抗疲劳强度,所以它在复合材料中是极其有害的。
技术方案
为了克服上述弊端和问题以及本文没有提到的其他缺点,根据本发明的目的,如在本文中体现和广泛描述的,本发明的一个方面是一种制造风力发电机叶片的方法。所述方法包括:将至少一个支撑板定位于与所述叶片的至少一部分的预定形状相对应的插件(plug)上;将所述支撑板可拆卸地固定于所述插件;在所述支撑板上堆叠至少一种材料的多个层;将所述多个层缝合至所述支撑板;以及将缝合于所述支撑板的多个层转移到模具中,所述模具的形状与所述插件的相反形状相对应。
有益效果
本发明具有几个优于现有技术的优点。不直接将所述层转移到模具中,而是先将支撑板固定于插件,并且将多个层缝合至所述支撑板,并将缝合于所述支撑板的多个层转移到模具中,所述支撑板及缝线避免了所述层滑落的可能性,从而保持预定形状同时没有波纹。另外,由于所述方法提供了所述层的增加的压缩(compression),所述层/树脂比例将有更好的控制配比,从而提高层压板的机械性能。
附图说明
附图不一定是按照比例绘制的。在附图中,每个相同或接近相同的组件(示出在不同的附图中)由类似标号表示。为了清晰起见,不是在每张图中对每个组件都进行标注。
图1是根据本发明一个方面的具有层的插件的正视图。
图2是根据本发明一个方面的插件的正视图,其具有移交到模具上的层。
图3是在将所述层转移到所述模具中之后的插件的正视图。
具体实施方式
本发明在其应用方面不限于下面描述的或附图示出的部件的构造和布置的细节。本发明可以具有其他实施例且可以通过各种不同方式实行或者实现。而且,本文使用的措辞和术语都是用于描述目的的且不应被视为是限制性的。本文中的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或者“涉及”及其变形的使用是指涵盖随后列出的项目和其等同物及附加项目。
风力发电机叶片通常具有翼形,包含与所述翼形对应的外壳以及内部构件,如晶石帽(可以是所述外壳的一部分)以及箱梁构件。
图1阐明了制造风力发电机叶片的方法的一个方面,尤其是,制造风力发电机叶片根部的方法。所述叶片由材料的多个层1构成。所述材料层1可包括一层或多层的金属、塑料、木材、纤维织物、纤维及树脂复合物,或其组合。当是所述纤维织物时,可以包括玻璃纤维,碳纤维,芳纶纤维,聚酯纤维或其组合。然而,风力发电机叶片制造领域的技术人员能容易地结合其他的材料和工艺。
如图所示,至少一个支撑板2定位在与风力发电机叶片的至少一部分的预定形状向相对应的插件3上,在这种情况下,所述至少一部分是根部。所述支撑板2可以是刚性的、半刚性的或柔性的,以及可以根据预定形状预弯曲的。所述支撑板2包括一层或多层的木材、塑料、聚合物泡沫或其组合。当所述支撑板2为木材时,非常有利的是利用轻木或工程木,如中密度纤维板(MDF)或中密度碎料板(MDP)。
制造风力发电机叶片的方法进一步包括,将所述支撑板2可拆卸地固定于所述插件3。为了使所述支撑板2可拆卸地固定于所述插件3,有利的是所述支撑板2具有多个穿孔供所述缝线5穿过。所述穿孔可不均匀地和/或均匀地分布于整个板上,这取决于叶片的设计、固化方法及其他因素。所述支撑板应以某种方式允许固化过程中使用的树脂通过,如,环氧树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、聚酯树脂或其组合。不过,其他透水材料也可用作所述支撑板。
制造风力发电机叶片的方法进一步包括,在所述支撑板2上堆叠至少一种材料的多层。
制造风力发电机叶片的方法进一步包括,将所述多个层1缝合在所述支撑板2上,如图1,图2和图3所示,将缝合在所述支撑板2上的多层1转移到模具4中,所述模具4的形状与所述插件3的相反形状相对应。在所述插件沿其轴线旋转时,所述缝线5使得所述层1被保持固定。图1-3的示例性插件包括框架6和转动轴线7,其中,例如,起重机或转向机构可被连接,用于旋转所述插件3及将其放置于所述模具上。所述插件3还可包括附加特征(装置),如用于移动的轮子8以及用于将所述层1固定于插件的横向支撑件9。
在将缝合于所述支撑板2的所述多个层1转移到所述模具4中之前,至少一个用于制造所述叶片的部件(如微孔膜,用作用于树脂灌注的传输材料)可放置于所述模具4的表面上。然而,风力发电机叶片制造领域的技术人员能容易地结合其他的材料和工艺。
制造风力发电机叶片的方法进一步包括,层压所述多个层的至少部分和树脂。所述层和树脂的层压可包括树脂传递模塑(RTM),树脂薄膜灌注(RFI),加热及施压中的至少一种工艺或其组合。
如文中所述的制造风力发电机叶片的方法可包括用于获得成品风力发电机叶片的其他步骤。此方法尤其有利于分别制造所述叶片的一些部件,特别是更加弯曲的部件,如根部,在根部处容易使得所述层滑落并引起波纹。
因此,不直接将所述层1转移到模具4中,而是先将支撑板2固定于插件3,将多个层1缝合至所述支撑板2,并将缝合于所述支撑板2的多个层1转移到模具4中,所述支撑材料及缝线避免了所述层1滑落的可能性,从而保持预定形状且没有波纹。另外,由于所述方法提供了所述层的增加的压缩,所以所述层/树脂比例将有一个更好的控制配比,从而提高层压板的机械性能。这在干爽织物层的情况下尤为重要。
本发明已被本说明书公开,包括其附图和实例,各种等同物、修改及完善对熟练的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。这种等同物、修改和完善也同样涵盖在所附权利要求中。

Claims (15)

1.一种制造风力发电机叶片的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
将至少一个支撑板定位于与所述叶片的至少一部分的预定形状相对应的插件上;
将所述支撑板可拆卸地固定于所述插件;
在所述支撑板上堆叠至少一种材料的多个层;
将所述多个层缝合至所述支撑板;以及
将缝合于所述支撑板的多个层转移到模具中,所述模具的形状对应于所述插件的相反形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述支撑板能够根据预定形状被预弯曲。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述支撑板包括多个穿孔,以供缝线穿过。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述穿孔不均匀地分布于整个板。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述穿孔均匀地分布于整个板。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述支撑板允许固化过程中使用的树脂通过。
7.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述支撑板允许树脂通过所述穿孔。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中,所述树脂包括环氧树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、聚酯树脂或其组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述支撑板包括一层或多层的木材、塑料、聚合物泡沫或其组合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述支撑板包括工程木材、轻木或其组合。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述层材料包括一层或多层的金属、塑料、木材、纤维织物、纤维及树脂复合物、或其组合。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维织物包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维或其组合。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在将缝合于所述支撑板的多个层转移到所述模具中之前,用于制造叶片的至少一个部件放置于所述模具表面上。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括将所述多个层的至少部分与树脂一起层压。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述层和所述树脂的层压包括树脂传递模塑(RTM)、树脂薄膜灌注(RFI)、加热、施压或其组合中的至少一种工艺。
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