CN102116260A - Methods and systems for providing variable mechanical brake torque - Google Patents
Methods and systems for providing variable mechanical brake torque Download PDFInfo
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- CN102116260A CN102116260A CN2010106246577A CN201010624657A CN102116260A CN 102116260 A CN102116260 A CN 102116260A CN 2010106246577 A CN2010106246577 A CN 2010106246577A CN 201010624657 A CN201010624657 A CN 201010624657A CN 102116260 A CN102116260 A CN 102116260A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0244—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking
- F03D7/0248—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking by mechanical means acting on the power train
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/90—Braking
- F05B2260/902—Braking using frictional mechanical forces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/324—Air pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/325—Air temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The present invention relates to methods and systems for providing variable mechanism brake torque. A brake system (52) for controlling a rotational speed of a drivetrain (40) for a wind turbine (10) is provided. The drivetrain is coupled to a rotor shaft (36) and a generator rotor shaft (38). The brake system includes a mechanical brake operatively coupled to the drivetrain, wherein the mechanical brake includes a brake caliper (56) and a brake disc (54) coupled to the drivetrain, a sensor (68) configured to detect a parameter of the wind turbine, and a controller (30) configured to actuate the brake caliper to apply a braking force on the brake disc, wherein the controller is configured to control the mechanical brake based on the parameter to selectively adjust a brake torque (206) generated by the braking force.
Description
Technical field
The theme of Miao Shuing relates generally to wind turbine herein, and relates more specifically to be used for providing to the brake disc of wind turbine the method and system of variable mechanical braking torque.
Background technique
Because be environmental protection and relatively cheap alternative energy source, wind turbine receives the attention that increases.Along with the interest to alternative energy source increases, make sizable effort to develop reliably and the high wind turbine of efficient.
At least some wind turbines comprise a plurality of rotor blades that are connected to power train via rotor.Some power trains include the gearbox that helps increase and/or reduce the moment of torsion of rotor.Some gearboxes include the braking system of the speed that helps to reduce rotor.More specifically, at least one side that brake calipers (brake caliper) is connected to the brake disc of rotor relatively applies power, thereby forms friction and brake disc is slowed down and/or stop.Represent the braking torque of the power of braking system to calculate to the distance at wheel hub center by multiply by by the power that brake calipers applies from the point of the power that applies.
At least some known mechanical braking sytems only can apply a big constant braking moment of torsion to brake disc.Application repetition and/or long-term of big constant braking moment of torsion can damage rotor and/or gearbox, thereby finally influences the reliability of rotor, gearbox and/or power train.
Summary of the invention
In one aspect, provide method to be used to control the rotational speed of the power train that is used for wind turbine.Power train is connected to rotor shaft and generator rotor shaft.Mechanical brake is connected to power train in the mode of operation.Mechanical brake comprises brake calipers and is connected to the brake disc of power train.Actuate brake calipers on brake disc, to apply braking force.Braking force produces the braking torque that is applied by braking system.Detect the parameter of wind turbine.Determine operational order based on parameter.Based on operational order control mechanical brake.Operational order is optionally regulated the braking torque that is applied by braking system.
In one aspect of the method, provide braking system to be used to control the rotational speed of the power train that is used for wind turbine.Power train is connected to rotor shaft and generator rotor shaft.Braking system comprises that the mode with operation is connected to the mechanical brake of power train.Mechanical brake comprises brake calipers and is connected to the brake disc of power train.Sensor arrangement becomes to detect the parameter of wind turbine.Controller is configured to actuate brake calipers to apply braking force on brake disc.Controller is configured to based on parameter control mechanical brake optionally to regulate the braking torque that is produced by braking force.
In a further aspect, provide wind turbine.Wind turbine comprises rotor, power train and the rotor shaft that rotor is connected to power train.Wind turbine also comprises generator and generator is connected to the generator rotor shaft of power train.Mechanical brake is connected to power train in the mode of operation.Mechanical brake comprises brake calipers and is connected to the brake disc of power train.Sensor arrangement becomes to detect the parameter of wind turbine.Controller is configured to control the rotational speed of power train.Controller is configured to actuate brake calipers to apply braking force on brake disc.Controller is configured to based on parameter control mechanical brake optionally to regulate the braking torque that is produced by braking force.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of exemplary wind turbine;
Fig. 2 is the perspective partial cross-sectional view that is suitable for the exemplary cabin of the wind turbine shown in Fig. 1; And
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of the wind turbine shown in Fig. 1; And
Fig. 4 is the illustrative methods that is used for the wind turbine shown in the application drawing 1; And
Fig. 5-7 illustrates the operating characteristics of wind turbine between method implementation period shown in Figure 4.
List of parts
10 wind turbines
12 pylons
14 stayed surfaces
16 cabins
18 rotors
20 wheel hubs
22 spin axiss
24 rotor blades
26 wind directions
28 become the oar axis
30 controllers
32 yaw axes
34 generators
36 rotor shafts
38 generator rotor shafts
40 power trains
42 gearboxes
44 low speed sides
46 high-speed side
52 braking system
54 brake discs
56 brake caliperss
58 first valves
60 second valves
62 sensors
64 power sensors
66 braking sensors
68 rotor shaft sensors
70 generator amature axle sensors
72 angle transducers
74 yaw detectors
76 frequency sensors
78 recording anemometers
80 baroceptors
82 temperature transducers
84 relative humidity sensors
86 buses
88 processors
90 random access memory
92 storage devices
94 ROM (read-only memory) (ROM)
96 input/output devices
98 sensor interfaces
100 illustrative methods
102 are connected to power train with braking system
104 actuate brake calipers to apply braking force
106 detect the parameter of wind turbine
108 with parameter communication to controller
110 are identified for the operational order of braking system
112 with the operational order braking system of communicating by letter
114 based on operational order control brake system
116 form parameter matrix
204 in the time period
206 braking torques
208 generator torque
210 main-shaft torque
212 very first times
214 second times
Embodiment
The method and system of Miao Shuing provides braking system herein, and it comprises brake disc and brake calipers, and the controller that is connected to braking system.Controller is configured to the control brake system to apply the variable braking moment of torsion to reduce the load on power train.More specifically, controller receives parameter and actuates brake calipers so that the rotational delay of brake disc and/or stop based on the parameter that receives.Angle by the power of regulating the power that applies by brake calipers, applying by brake calipers and from the point of the power that applies to the distance of the wheel hub of brake disc at least one come the control brake moment of torsion.
As used herein, term " blade " be intended to represent when with respect to around fluid motion the time any device of reaction force is provided.As used herein, term " wind turbine " is intended to represent produce energy of rotation and more specifically the kinetic energy of wind is converted into any device of mechanical energy from wind energy.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of exemplary wind turbine 10.In the exemplary embodiment, wind turbine 10 produces electric power from wind energy.Wind turbine 10 has and is suitable for the tilt angle that wind turbine 10 works as described in this article.In the exemplary embodiment, wind turbine 10 is wind turbines of approximate horizontal.
In the exemplary embodiment, wind turbine 10 comprises from the pylon 12 of stayed surface 14 extensions, the rotor 18 that is installed in the cabin 16 on the pylon 12 and is connected to cabin 16.Pylon 12 is by the pylon that is fit to the suitable type that material makes.In the exemplary embodiment, pylon 12 is made by tubular steel, makes to limit cavity (not shown in Figure 1) between stayed surface 14 and cabin 16.Pylon 12 has and is suitable for height that wind turbine 10 can be worked as described in this article.
In the exemplary embodiment, rotor 18 comprises and can and be connected to wheel hub 20 and from wheel hub 20 outward extending at least one rotor blade 24 around the wheel hub 20 of spin axis 22 rotation.Rotor 18 comprises and is suitable for a plurality of rotor blades 24 that wind turbine 10 can be worked as described in this article.In the exemplary embodiment, rotor 18 comprises three rotor blades 24.In the exemplary embodiment, rotor blade 24 separates helping rotor 18 around wheel hub 20, thereby will be converted into spendable mechanical energy from the kinetic energy of wind, and is converted into electric energy subsequently.
Each rotor blade 24 has and is suitable for length, shape, structure and/or orientation that wind turbine 10 can be worked as described in this article.In the exemplary embodiment, rotor blade 24 has the length from about 0.5 meter (m) to about 91m scope.Alternatively, other non-limiting example of length of blade comprises 10m or littler, 20m, 37m or greater than the length of 91m.In the exemplary embodiment, rotor 18 is usually against the wind and/or downwind towards to utilize wind energy.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, when wind during from direction 26 impact rotor blades 24, rotor 18 is around spin axis 22 rotations.
In the exemplary embodiment, when rotor blade 24 rotated and is subjected to centrifugal force, rotor blade 24 also was subjected to various power and moment.Therefore, rotor blade 24 can and/or rotate to inflection point from neutral position or non-inflection point deflection.The propeller pitch angle of rotor blade 24 is promptly determined the angle of rotor blade 24 with respect to the projection (perspective) of the direction 26 of wind, the power that can be produced by wind turbine 10 with control around change oar axis 28 rotations separately.In the exemplary embodiment, use the propeller pitch angle of controller 30 each rotor blade 24 of control.
In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 is shown in the cabin 16 placed in the middle.Alternatively, controller 30 can be on stayed surface 14 and/or in the distributed system that spreads all over wind turbine 10 at remote control center place.In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 is used for the common operation of monitoring and controlling wind turbine 10 with a plurality of members that the mode of communicating by letter is connected to wind turbine 10.For example, in the exemplary embodiment, when direction 26 changes, can control the yaw direction in cabins 16 to locate rotor blades 24 around yaw axes 32 with respect to direction 26.And controller 30 can be used for monitoring and control whole system, comprise without limitation becoming oar and speed regulation, high speed shaft and driftage brake application, driftage and pump motor applications, and/or malfunction monitoring.Distributed or the centralized control framework that substitutes can be used for some embodiment.Below describe in addition controller 30 in detail.
With reference now to Fig. 2,, wind turbine 10 comprises that the generator 34 that is connected to rotor 18 is used for producing electric power from the energy of rotation that is produced by rotor 18.In the exemplary embodiment, rotor 18 comprises rotor shaft 36, and it is connected to wheel hub 20 and is used for wheel hub 20 rotations.In the exemplary embodiment, generator rotor shaft 38 rotatably is connected to rotor shaft 36 by power train 40, and power train 40 comprises the gearbox 42 with the low speed side 44 that rotatably is connected to rotor shaft 36 and the high-speed side 46 that rotatably is connected to generator rotor shaft 38.
With reference now to Fig. 3,, gearbox 42 includes and helps make the rotational delay of rotor 18 and/or generator 34 and/or the braking system 52 that stops.In the exemplary embodiment, braking system 52 is mechanical brakes and comprises brake disc 54 and at least one brake calipers 56 that is connected to brake disc 54.Brake calipers 56 be configured to receive brake disc 54 to small part.Braking system 52 can comprise any suitable braking system, comprises mechanical braking sytem, hydraulic braking sytem, the pneumatic brake system electormagnetic braking sytem of unifying without limitation.
In the exemplary embodiment, brake calipers 56 compatibly is connected to first valve 58 and second valve 60.In the exemplary embodiment, first valve 58 and second valve 60 connect with tandem arrangement.In the exemplary embodiment, first valve 58 is cooperated with second valve 60, makes the valve 58 of winning have the thick control of brake calipers 56 and second valve 60 has the essence control of brake calipers 56.For example, first valve 58 can be used for variation cardinal principle or rough in the braking system 52, and second valve 60 can be used for the precise and tiny or careful variation in the braking system 52.In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 is connected to first valve 58 and second valve 60 is used to operate first valve 58 and/or second valve 60 in the mode of operation.In a particular embodiment, controller 30 is configured to independent control first valve 58 and/or second valve 60.In the exemplary embodiment, first valve 58 and second valve 60 are hydrovalves.Alternatively, first valve 58 and second valve 60 can comprise any suitable valve, comprise mechanical valve, pneumatic valve and/or solenoid valve without limitation.
In the exemplary embodiment, sensor 62 comprises any suitable sensor or the combination of sensor, comprises without limitation with lower sensor: the mode with operation is connected to the power sensor 64 that generator 34 is used to detect the electric power output of generator 34; Mode with operation is connected to the braking sensor 66 that braking system 52 is used to detect the braking torque that is applied by braking system 52; Mode with operation is connected to the rotor shaft sensor 68 that rotor shaft 36 is used for the moment of torsion of the rotational speed of detection rotor axle 36 and/or rotor shaft 36; Be connected to the generator amature axle sensor 70 that generator rotor shaft 38 is used to detect the moment of torsion of the rotational speed of generator rotor shaft 38 and/or generator rotor shaft 38 in the mode of operation; Be connected to respective rotor blade 24 in the mode of operation and be used to detect respective rotor blade 24 with respect to wind direction 26 and/or with respect at least one angle transducer 72 of the propeller pitch angle of wheel hub 20; Be connected in wind turbine 10 or be used to detect the yaw detector 74 of the driftage orientation in cabin 16 away from the suitable position (such as cabin 16) of wind turbine 10 in the mode of operation; Mode with operation is connected to the frequency sensor 76 that power train 40 is used to detect the frequency and/or the eigenfrequency of power train 40; Be connected in the wind turbine 10 or be used to detect a plurality of wind-force states recording anemometer 78 of (comprising wind direction, wind speed, wind shear, wind gradient and turbulence intensity without limitation) in the mode of operation away from the suitable position (such as cabin 16) of wind turbine 10; Be connected in wind turbine 10 or be used for the baroceptor 80 of testing environment air pressure away from the suitable position (such as cabin 16) of wind turbine 10 in the mode of operation; Be connected in wind turbine 10 or be used for the temperature transducer 82 of testing environment temperature away from the suitable position (such as cabin 16) of wind turbine 10 in the mode of operation; And with the operation mode be connected to the relative humidity sensor 84 that cabin 16 is used for the testing environment humidity of the air.
In the exemplary embodiment, power sensor 64 can comprise Hall effect current transducer (CT) and/or capacitive voltage transducer (CVT) without limitation.And in the exemplary embodiment, each can comprise optical encoder, digital proximity sensor, piezoelectric transducer, strainometer and/or tachometer without limitation braking sensor 66, rotor shaft sensor 68 and generator amature axle sensor 70.In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, angle transducer 72 and yaw detector 74 can comprise optical encoder.
In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 comprises that bus 86 or other communicator are to communicate by letter between the various members of controller 30.In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 comprises at least one processor 88 that is connected to bus 86 with processing information, and information comprises the information from sensor 62 and/or one or more other sensor.In addition, other member of describing herein can comprise processor.In the exemplary embodiment, processor 88 is configured to carry out method and/or the step of describing herein.As used herein, term " processor " is not restricted to the intergrated circuit that is called computer in the art, and relate to controller, microcontroller, microcomputer, programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC), specific integrated circuit and other programmable circuit widely, and these terms are used interchangeably in this article.It should be understood that processor and/or controller also can comprise storage, input channel and/or output channel.
In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 also comprises at least one random-access memory (ram) 90 and/or other storage device 92.RAM90 and storage device 92 be connected to bus 86 with storage and transmission information and instruction to carry out by processor 88.Storage temporary variable or other average information term of execution that RAM90 and/or storage device 92 also being used in instruction by processor 88.In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 also comprises and is connected to bus 86 with storage with static (that is non-change) information is provided and instructs at least one ROM (read-only memory) (ROM) 94 and/or other static memory of processor 88.In this article among the embodiment of Miao Shuing, storage can comprise without limitation such as the computer-readable medium of RAM with such as the computer readable non-volatile media of flash memory.Alternatively, also can use floppy disk, Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), magnetooptic disc (MOD) and/or digital versatile disc (DVD).
In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 also comprises at least one input/output device 96, its help to provide the input data to controller 30 and/or provide such as but be not restricted to the output that braking control is exported.But via wired or wireless long-range connection that provides the access of one or more electronics access media and other member, instruction can from such as but the storage device that is not restricted to disk, ROM (read-only memory) (ROM) intergrated circuit, CD-ROM and/or DVD provide to storage.Among the embodiment of Miao Shuing, input channel can comprise sensor relevant with operator interface and/or computer peripheral without limitation, such as mouse and/or keyboard in this article.In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, output channel can comprise control gear, operator interface monitoring unit and/or display device without limitation.In certain embodiments, can use hard-wired circuitry to replace software instruction or make up with software instruction.Whether therefore, the execution of the sequence of instruction is not restricted to any particular combinations of hardware circuit and software instruction, no matter describe herein and/or illustrate.In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 also comprises at least one sensor interface 98, and it allows controller 30 and sensor 62 and/or one or more other sensor communication.Sensor interface 98 for example comprises, one or more analog digital converters, and it becomes analog signal conversion can be by the digital signal of processor 88 uses.
The processor processing of Miao Shuing is from a plurality of Electrical and Electronic device information transmitted herein, and the Electrical and Electronic device can comprise sensor, actuator, compressor, control system and/or monitoring device without limitation.Sort processor for example can physically be positioned in control system, sensor, monitoring device, desk top computer, portable computer, PLC chamber and/or distributed control system (DCS) chamber.RAM and memory device stores and transmission information and instruction are to be carried out by (a plurality of) processor.The term of execution that also being used in instruction by (a plurality of) processor, RAM and storage device storing and provide temporary variable, static state (that is non-change) information and instruction or other average information to processor.The instruction of carrying out can comprise the braking system control command without limitation.The execution of the sequence of instruction is not restricted to any particular combinations of hardware circuit and software instruction.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that the illustrative methods 100 of the rotational speed that is used to control power train 40 is shown.In the exemplary embodiment, method 100 comprises that braking system 52 is connected 102 in the mode of operating arrives power train 40.Braking system 52 comprises brake calipers 56 and is connected to the brake disc 54 of power train 40.
In the exemplary embodiment, braking system 52, and more specifically brake calipers 56 is actuated 104 to apply braking force on brake disc 54.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, brake calipers 56 applies braking force to apply braking torque on brake disc 54.
When brake application system 52, at least one sensor 62 detects the parameter of 106 wind turbines 10, comprises braking torque, axle parameter, wind turbine parameter and surrounding environment parameter without limitation.For example, the axle parameter comprises any suitable combination of the moment of torsion of the rotational speed of moment of torsion, generator rotor shaft 38 of rotational speed, the rotor shaft 36 of rotor shaft 36 and generator rotor shaft 38 without limitation.And the wind turbine parameter comprises the propeller pitch angle of event notice, rotor blade 24, orientation and the frequency of power train 40 and/or any suitable combination of eigenfrequency in cabin 16 without limitation.In addition, the surrounding environment parameter comprises any suitable combination of wind direction, wind speed, wind shear, wind gradient, turbulence intensity, ambient pressure, ambient air temperature and ambient air humidity without limitation.In the exemplary embodiment, parameter with continuous and dynamic mode via at least one algorithm detect 106 and statically electronics be stored in the form (not shown) that maintains in the controller 30.
In the exemplary embodiment, sensor 62 and 30 pairs of parameters of controller communicate 108 and more specifically will indicate the signal of the parameter of detection to be transferred to controller 30.Controller 30 determines that based on communication 108 110 are used for the braking system 52 and the operational order of first valve 58 and second valve 60 more specifically then.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 based on communication 108 determine 110 be used for braking system 52 thick control first operational order and/or be used for second operational order of the essence control of braking system 52.Controller 30 can change control brake pincers 56 based on the operation of wind turbine 10 to increase or to reduce braking torque.For example, controller 30 can comprise control wave filter (control filter) or notch filter (not shown), the operational order of at least one of the angle of the power that it helps to determine 110 to be used for regulating the power that applied by brake calipers 56, applied by brake calipers 56 and the distance from the point of the power that applies to the wheel hub of brake disc 54.Notch filter can have any suitable input that comprises braking torque, axle parameter, wind turbine parameter and surrounding environment parameter without limitation.
In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 determines that 110 are used for the operational order of braking system 52, makes the rotational speed of rotor shaft 36 and/or generator rotor shaft 38 reduce.Extraly or alternatively, controller 30 determines that 110 are used for the operational order of braking system 52, makes the braking torque that is applied by braking system 52 when wind turbine 10 generation power reduce.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 is determined 110 operational orders, make braking system 52 in brake calipers 56 applies force to time on the brake disc 54, apply the variable braking moment of torsion, and power train 40 is undertaken greater than the needed power of rotational speed that reduces rotor shaft 36 and/or generator rotor shaft 38.
In the exemplary embodiment, operational order with continuous and dynamic mode via at least one algorithm be determined 110 and statically electronics be stored in the form (not shown) that maintains in the controller 30.Alternatively, can use at least one algorithm dynamically to determine 110 this operational orders.
In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 communicates 112 with 52 pairs of operational orders of braking system, and more specifically, operational order is transferred to braking system 52.In a particular embodiment, controller 30 is with first operational order communication, 112 to first valves 58, and/or controller 30 is with second operational order communication, 112 to second valves 60.In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 is controlled the braking torque that 114 braking system 52 are produced by braking force with control based on operational order.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, the angle by the power of regulating the power that applies by brake calipers 56, applying by brake calipers 56 and from the point of the power that applies to the distance of the wheel hub of brake disc 54 at least one come the control brake moment of torsion.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, control 114 or actuate first valve 58 and/or second valve 60 respectively to apply braking torque and to make the rotational delay of brake disc 54 and/or stop based on first and second operational orders.
In the exemplary embodiment, with the mode implementation methods 100 of continuous, dynamic and/or iteration.For example, the initial setting up of the parameter that the initial setting up of operational order is used to detect can be determined, and the follow-up setting of the follow-up parameter that is provided for detecting of operational order can be determined.
In the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 can form 116 parameter matrixs, and it comprises a plurality of footprints (footprint) relevant with various detection 106.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, controller 30 can be stored a plurality of operational orders of a plurality of detections that are used for database and based on operational order and/or other data calibration of a plurality of storages relevant with braking system 52 and/or be identified for the subsequent operation order of braking system 52.
For example, controller 30 can form 116 parameter matrixs, and it comprises first footprint that first combination that will detect and first operational order interrelate.When controller 30 received second footprint of second combination of the detection that comprises first combination that is similar to those detections, controller 30 can use first operational order operation braking system 52 and/or based on the operation of the comparison calibration braking system 52 of first and second footprint.
Fig. 5-the 7th is illustrated in the example chart of the operating characteristics of wind turbine 10 between the implementation period of method 100.In the exemplary embodiment, Fig. 5 is illustrated in the braking torque 206 that is applied by braking system 52 in the time period 204.In the exemplary embodiment, the very first times 212 brake application system 52 to reduce the rotational speed of rotor shaft 36 and/or generator rotor shaft 38.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, brake calipers 56 applied force on the brake disc 54 with the rotation of the brake disc 54 that slows down in the very first time 212, reduced the rotational speed of rotor shaft 36 and/or generator rotor shaft 38 thus.In the exemplary embodiment, braking torque 206 increases up to applying maximum braking torque in second time 214 after the very first time 212.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, braking torque 206 has big positive slope between the very first time 212 and second time 214.Alternatively, braking torque 206 can have little positive slope between the very first time 212 and second time 214.
In the exemplary embodiment, braking system 52, and more specifically brake calipers 56 is controlled to reduce the power that applied by brake calipers 56 based on the parameter that detects, and makes this power that power train 40 is undertaken greater than the needed power of rotational speed that reduces rotor shaft 36 and/or generator rotor shaft 38.In the exemplary embodiment, braking system 52, and more specifically brake calipers 56 was controlled to reduce braking torque 206 after second time 214.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, braking torque 206 has little negative slope after second time 214.Alternatively, braking torque 206 can have big negative slope after second time 214.
Fig. 6 is illustrated in the moment of torsion 208 that is applied by rotor shaft 36 in the time period 204.Fig. 7 is illustrated in the moment of torsion 210 that is applied by generator rotor shaft 38 in the time period 204.Shown in Fig. 5-7, between braking torque 206 and generator torque 208 and/or main-shaft torque 210, there is relation.More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, when in very first times 212 during brake application system 52, generator torque 208 and/or main-shaft torque 210 are interrupted.And in the exemplary embodiment, when braking torque 206 reduced after second time 214, generator torque 208 and/or main-shaft torque 210 reduced.Apply littler generator torque 208 and/or main-shaft torque 210 and on power train 40, gearbox 42 and/or turbine 10, form littler strain and/or stress, increase the working life of power train 40, gearbox 42 and/or wind turbine 10 thus.
The method and system of Miao Shuing provides mechanical braking sytem herein, and it comprises brake calipers and brake disc, and the controller that is connected to braking system.The control brake system is to apply the variable braking moment of torsion to reduce the load on power train.More specifically, in brake calipers applied force to time period on the brake disc, the variable braking moment of torsion reduced.By in the time period of brake application system, reducing braking torque, reduce generator torque and/or main-shaft torque, increase the working life of power train, gearbox and/or wind turbine thus.
The technique effect of the method for Miao Shuing, system and computer comprises at least one in following herein: the signal that (a) receives the application machine break; (b) from the sensor parameter; (c) based on controlling mechanical brake to regulate braking torque by the parameter of sensor.
More than describe braking system in detail and be used to operate the exemplary embodiment of the method for braking system.Method and system is not restricted to herein the specific embodiment of describing, and opposite, can be independent of and be located away from the member that other member described and/or step utilize system and the step of method herein.For example, the method and system of describing herein can have other industry and/or Consumer and uses and be not restricted to wind turbine as described in this article and put into practice.On the contrary, can implement and utilize one or more embodiment who describes herein in conjunction with many other industry.
As used herein, with singular reference and be interpreted as not getting rid of a plurality of described elements or step with element or step that " one " carries out, unless clearly state this eliminating.In addition, be not intended to be interpreted as getting rid of the existence of the additional embodiment that also comprises the feature of quoting with reference to " embodiment ".And unless explanation on the contrary clearly, " comprising ", " comprising " or " having " have the element of special properties or the embodiment of a plurality of elements can comprise the additional this element with this character.
This text description usage example comprises preferred forms, and also makes those skilled in the art can put into practice the present invention with open the present invention, comprises making and using any device or system and carry out any method that is included.Claim of the present invention is defined by the claims, and can comprise other example that those skilled in the art expect.If this other example has with the literal language of claim and does not have different structural elements, if perhaps they comprise having the equivalent structure element that does not have essential difference with the literal language of claim, then this other example intention within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a braking system (52), it is used for the rotational speed that control is used for the power train (40) of wind turbine (10), and described power train is connected to rotor shaft (36) and generator rotor shaft (38), and described braking system comprises:
Mechanical brake, its mode with operation is connected to described power train, and described mechanical brake comprises brake calipers (56) and is connected to the brake disc (54) of described power train;
Sensor (68), it is configured to detect the parameter of described wind turbine; With
Controller (30), it is configured to actuate described brake calipers to apply braking force on described brake disc, and described controller is configured to control described mechanical brake optionally to regulate the braking torque (206) that is produced by described braking force based on described parameter.
2. braking system according to claim 1 (52), it is characterized in that, described sensor (68) is configured to detect continuously the dynamic parameters of described wind turbine (10), and described controller (30) is configured to control described mechanical brake continuously based on described dynamic parameters.
3. braking system according to claim 1 (52), it is characterized in that, also comprise first valve (58) and second valve (60), its each be connected to described mechanical brake, wherein, described controller (30) is configured to actuate in described first valve and described second valve one to control described mechanical brake based on described parameter.
4. braking system according to claim 1 (52) is characterized in that, described controller (30) is configured to determine operational order based on described parameter, and controls described mechanical brake based on described operational order.
5. braking system according to claim 4 (52), it is characterized in that, described controller (30) be configured to be identified for described braking system (52) thick control first operational order and be used for second operational order of the essence control of described braking system, and control described mechanical brake based in described first operational order and described second operational order at least one.
6. braking system according to claim 1 (52), it is characterized in that, described mechanical brake is configured to produce initial braking torque (206), and described controller (30) is configured to control described mechanical brake to produce the follow-up braking torque less than described initial braking torque.
7. braking system according to claim 1 (52) is characterized in that, described parameter comprises at least one in a parameter, wind turbine parameter and the surrounding environment parameter.
8. a wind turbine (10) comprising:
Rotor (18);
Power train (40);
Rotor shaft (36), it is connected to described power train with described rotor;
Generator (34);
Generator rotor shaft (38), it is connected to described power train with described generator;
Mechanical brake, its mode with operation is connected to described power train, and described mechanical brake comprises brake calipers (56) and is connected to the brake disc (54) of described power train;
Sensor (68), it is configured to detect the parameter of described wind turbine; With
Controller (30), it is configured to control the rotational speed of described power train, described controller is configured to actuate described brake calipers to apply braking force on described brake disc, and described controller is configured to control described mechanical brake optionally to regulate the braking torque (206) that is produced by described braking force based on described parameter.
9. wind turbine according to claim 8 (10), it is characterized in that, described sensor (68) is configured to detect continuously the dynamic parameters of described wind turbine (10), and described controller (30) is configured to control described mechanical brake continuously based on described dynamic parameters.
10. wind turbine according to claim 8 (10), it is characterized in that, also comprise first valve (58) and second valve (60), its each be connected to described mechanical brake, wherein, described controller (30) is configured to actuate in described first valve and described second valve one to control described mechanical brake based on described parameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/649989 | 2009-12-30 | ||
| US12/649,989 US8047770B2 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2009-12-30 | Methods and systems for providing variable mechanical brake torque |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102116260A true CN102116260A (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| CN102116260B CN102116260B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
Family
ID=43708926
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010624657.7A Expired - Fee Related CN102116260B (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2010-12-30 | Methods and systems for providing variable mechanical brake torque |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8047770B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2341244A3 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102116260B (en) |
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| CN103670923A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-03-26 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for braking a wind turbine rotor at an overspeed condition |
| CN109000833A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-12-14 | 青岛迈金智能科技有限公司 | A kind of electromagnetism adds the electric current revolving speed of resistance system to convert the method for torque |
| CN112761874A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-05-07 | 湘电风能有限公司 | Safe shutdown method and system and wind driven generator |
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| US8269367B2 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2012-09-18 | Hiwin Mikrosystem Corp. | Shaft brake mechanism of wind power generator |
| US8872375B2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2014-10-28 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Wind turbine apparatus, systems and methods |
| DE102010012957A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Repower Systems Ag | Method for braking state determination and wind turbine for carrying out the method |
| US8115330B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-02-14 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine and method for operating a wind turbine |
| US20110140425A1 (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-06-16 | Martin Staedler | Method and System For Controlling Wind Turbine Rotational Speed |
| DE102010054153A1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Repower Systems Se | Device for rotating the nacelle of a wind turbine |
| EP2479427A1 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-07-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for attenuating the oscillation of a power train in a wind turbine, wind turbine and use of a braking device |
| FR2988782B1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2015-09-18 | Eolys Ressources Et En | AEROGENERATOR COMPRISING AN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC RETARDER FOR SLOWING THE SPEED OF ROTATIONS OF THE BLADES |
| FR2991392B1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2016-01-15 | Snecma | TURBOPUMP |
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| US10001108B2 (en) | 2013-01-09 | 2018-06-19 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for operating a wind turbine with a variable speed limit that may be above or below a predetermined speed limit depending on whether there is an estimated detrimental overspeed state |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2341244A2 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| US20110135465A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| US8047770B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 |
| CN102116260B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
| EP2341244A3 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
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