CN101900077A - The boundary layer fins that is used for wind turbine blade - Google Patents

The boundary layer fins that is used for wind turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101900077A
CN101900077A CN2010101976179A CN201010197617A CN101900077A CN 101900077 A CN101900077 A CN 101900077A CN 2010101976179 A CN2010101976179 A CN 2010101976179A CN 201010197617 A CN201010197617 A CN 201010197617A CN 101900077 A CN101900077 A CN 101900077A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
boundary layer
blade
wind turbine
fins
layer fins
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Granted
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CN2010101976179A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101900077B (en
Inventor
E·Vsj安居里
S·赫尔
T·K·维姆里
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/0608Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0641Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/30Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/30Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/306Surface measures
    • F05B2240/3062Vortex generators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of boundary layer fins that is used for wind turbine blade.Particularly, a kind of wind turbine blade comprises a plurality of boundary layer fins, and the flow direction that these fins are roughly parallel on the blade is aimed at, so that reduce separating of boundary layer and blade.

Description

The boundary layer fins that is used for wind turbine blade
Technical field
Theme as herein described relates generally to wind turbine blade, and relates more specifically to be used for the boundary layer fins (fin) of wind turbine blade.
Background technique
Wind turbine is a kind of machine that is used for the kinetic energy of wind is transformed into mechanical energy.If mechanical energy is directly used by machinery, as be used for drawing water or grinding wheat, then wind turbine can be described as windmill.Similarly be that if mechanical energy is transformed into electric power, then machine also can be described as wind-driven generator or wind power plant.
Wind turbine rotation is centered on according to blade usually vertical axis or horizontal axis are classified.A kind of so-called horizontal shaft type wind-driven generator is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1, and can obtain from General Electric Co. Limited.This particular configuration that is used for wind turbine 2 comprises the pylon 4 that supports cabin 6, and this cabin 6 comprises power train 8.Blade 10 is arranged on " spinning body (spinner) " or the propeller hub 9, so that form " rotor " at an end of power train 8 outside cabin 6.Rotation blade 10 driving gearboxs 12, this gear-box 12 is connected on the generator 14 at the other end place of power train 8, and power train 8 is arranged in the cabin 6 together with control system 16, and this control system 16 can receive the input that comes from recording anemometer 18.
When blade 10 spinned in " rotor plane ", this blade produced lift and capture the momentum that gives rotor subsequently from moving air.Each blade 10 all is fixed on the propeller hub 9 at its " root " end place usually, and then radially " laterally " " span " to " tip " freely end.Anterior or " leading edge " of blade 10 connects the at first the most preceding point of blade of ingress of air.The rear portion of blade 10 or " trailing edge " are the air stream that separated by the leading edge position of combination again after through the suction surface of blade and pressure surface." string of a musical instrument " connects blade inlet edge and trailing edge center.The length of the string of a musical instrument abbreviates " wing chord " as.The thickness of blade 10 can change along the span, and term " thickness " is generally used for describing the ultimate range of any specific string of a musical instrument between the suction of the low pressure on blade opposite side surface and high pressure surface.
" boundary layer " is the deceleration air zone, the surface of its next-door neighbour's motion blade 10.The thickness in boundary layer is defined as apart from blade usually in 99% the distance of its place's flowing velocity for " free stream " speed, and at this place, air is not subjected to the influence of blade viscous force or frictional force, but feels that potential barrier surpasses the boundary layer.Transmit too far and when being enough to overcome opposite pressure gradient, will occur " flow separation " when the boundary layer, flowing velocity drops to almost nil.Fluid stream is then because of flowing through blade 10 separation that becomes, and as an alternative and formation vortex and eddy current.
This boundary layer separation can increase resistance (drag), especially " pressure resistance " on the blade 10, and this is to be caused by the pressure reduction between object front surface and the rear surface when object passes fluid.Boundary layer separation also can cause stall and eddy current to release, and this can cause the structural vibration in noise and the blade 10.For this reason, carried out a lot of effort and research in the design on aerodynamic force surface, these aerodynamic force surface delay flow separation and maintenance local flow are as far as possible for a long time attached on the blade 10.For example, international patent publications No.WO 2007/140771 and european patent application No.EP 1944505 disclose the wind turbine blade with vortex generator.Yet this vortex generator maybe can reduce the energy that otherwise can capture from wind.
Summary of the invention
These and other aspect relevant with these usual manners solved by wind turbine blade is provided in various embodiments at this, this wind turbine blade comprises a plurality of boundary layer fins, the flow direction that these boundary layer fins are roughly parallel on the blade is aimed at, so that reduce separating of boundary layer and blade.
Description of drawings
Describe the All aspects of of this technology now with reference to the following drawings (figure), accompanying drawing needn't be drawn in proportion, but has used identical reference number to represent corresponding part in whole each views.
Fig. 1 is the schematic side elevation of conventional wind turbine.
Fig. 2 is the top view of wind turbine blade.
The cross sectional view of Fig. 3 for being intercepted along the section line III-III among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the enlarged side view of the boundary layer fins shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the amplification partial elevation view on the wind turbine blade surface shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the amplification partial elevation view in conjunction with the boundary layer fins of the use of the wind turbine blade shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is the side view in conjunction with the boundary layer fins of the use of the wind turbine blade shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is the side view in conjunction with another boundary layer fins of the use of the wind turbine blade shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is the plotted curve of pressure coefficient with respect to blade profile zero dimension wing chord.
Figure 10 is orthogonal to the plotted curve of the boundary layer outline position of blade surface with respect to speed.
Figure 11 is orthogonal to the plotted curve of the position of blade surface with respect to turbulent kinetic energy.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the top view in conjunction with an embodiment of the wind turbine blade with a plurality of boundary layer fins 22 20 of the wind turbine shown in Fig. 12 or any other wind turbine use.For example, any one in the blade 20 replaceable blades 10, or blade 10 can be modified to the some or all of features that comprise blade 20.The 22 equal chordwises extensions of boundary layer fins shown in each are roughly parallel to the flow direction on the blade pressure side, so that reduce separating of boundary layer and blade.Yet some boundary layer fins 22 also can be arranged to respect to the several angle that flows on the blade and/or on the relative pressure side of blade.
The All aspects of of boundary layer fins 22 can be settled about certain feature of wind turbine blade, these features comprise the span (span) length, the boundary layer fins layout corresponding wing chord thereon of blade, and/or the local boundary layer thickness on the boundary layer fins position.Preferably, the local boundary layer thickness does not calculate when having at blade 20 or corresponding wind turbine 4 to work under the situation of boundary layer fins 22 and with its " rated speed (rmp) ", wherein, " rated speed " is generally about 15 to 20 circles of per minute at blade 20 under the situation that its root end is fixed.For typical blade 20, as about 48.7 meters long blades that can obtain from General Electric Co. Limited, the local boundary layer thickness that under the situation of blade 20, is calculated with rated speed work will be on blade chordwise and spanwise be changed to about 202 millimeters from about 1 millimeter.At 60% wing chord place apart from these blade 20 suction side leading edges, boundary layer thickness is usually between about 6 millimeters to 52 millimeters.At the chord locations place roughly the same with span suction side outside 33%, the boundary layer thickness scope can be changed to about 16 millimeters from about 6 millimeters.
Boundary layer fins 22 can arrange along the whole span of blade 20, or only is arranged on the part of the span, as estimating to occur the position of boundary layer separation.For example, boundary layer fins 22 can be arranged on the outside 10% to 100% of blade 22 spanes, on the outside 25% to 95% of the span, or on the outside 50% to 90% of the span.One or more boundary layer fins 22 or paired boundary layer fins also can be provided at along the discrete positions place of blade 22 spanes, and in this position, boundary layer separation has the problem problem that maybe may become.
The boundary layer fins 22 here extends along the wing chord of having arranged corresponding boundary layer fins.As shown in Figure 3, the leading edge of boundary layer fins 22 can be from the leading edge and the trailing edge displacement of blade 20.For example, the leading edge of boundary layer fins 22 can from blade 20 leading edges displacements wing chord 10% to 95% between, the displacement wing chord 15% to 90% between, or displacement arranged boundary layer fins corresponding wing chord 50% to 90% between.The leading edge and/or the trailing edge of each boundary layer fins 22 or paired boundary layer fins 22 needn't be aligned with each other, and boundary layer fins 22 also can have similar and different length.For example, paired and/or other boundary layer fins 22 in groups can have or not have leading edge and the roughly the same position of trailing edge with respect to blade 20.
Forward Fig. 4 to, the height of boundary layer fins 22 " H ", length " L " and/or end face radius of curvature " R " can be variation along the span of blade 20.For example, highly " H " can be corresponding boundary layer fins 22 places the local boundary layer thickness about 25% to 100% between, or between 50% to 75%.Length " L " can be height " H " 2 to 40 times, or is roughly 2 to 10 times of local boundary layer thickness, or is about 1 to 4 times of local boundary thickness.
Radius of curvature " R " but constant or go up to change in length " L ".In various embodiments, radius of curvature can be height " H " about 2 to 60 times, or is about 2 to 15 times of local boundary layer thickness.For example, radius of curvature can change to 300 millimeters from about 20 millimeters, or changes to about 150 millimeters from about 40 millimeters, or changes to 100 millimeters from about 60 millimeters.Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show various other may construct of the end face of some or all of boundary layer fins 22.
Forward Fig. 5 to, show two pairs of boundary layer fins 22, the thickness of this boundary layer fins 22 " t " can be the about 10% to 100% of corresponding boundary layer fins 22 height " H ", or about 25% to 75%.As alternative, as shown in Figure 6, the thickness of some or all of boundary layer fins 22 can be significantly bigger, so that form the protuberance (bump) along spanwise on some or all of blades 20.Distance " d " between two boundary layer fins of paired or bigger combination can be about 2 to 32 times of height " H ", or 4 to 16 times, or is about 2 to 8 times of local boundary layer thickness.Similarly be, in pairs or the distance " D " between the boundary layer fins of other combination also can be about 2 to 32 times of height " H ", or 4 to 16 times, or about 2 to 8 times of local boundary layer thickness.As alternative, as shown in Figure 6, independently the distance between boundary layer fins 22 and/or the boundary layer fins in groups 22 can be roughly zero.
The part that Fig. 9 to Figure 11 shows blade mentioned above has and is not having with the flow simulating comparative result under the situation that is shown 22 boundary layer fins in Fig. 5 of nine degree angle of attack work.The leading edge of boundary layer fins 22 is arranged in 60% wing chord place apart from blade 22 leading edges, highly " H " is 50% of local boundary layer thickness, length " L " is five times of local boundary layer thickness, end face radius of curvature " R " is 60 millimeters, distance " d " between two paired boundary layer fins is 9.33 millimeters, and the distance " D " between the two pairs of boundary layer fins is 16.56 millimeters.
Fig. 9 shows pressure coefficient " C p" with respect to the zero dimension wing chord " x/c ", wherein, curve 30 pins are with respect to the base case that does not have boundary layer fins, and curve 40 is at the boundary layer fins of describing in the above paragraph 22.Fig. 9 shows the pressure recovery of the improvement that boundary layer fins provided near the exterior lateral area 50 of blade 20 trailing edges.Fig. 9 also shows the increase load in the blade 20 leading edge zones 52.
Figure 10 shows and is orthogonal to blade to suck surface unit be the local flow speed " V " of metre per second (m/s) for the distance " N " of rice with respect to unit, and wherein, curve 30 is at the base case that does not have boundary layer fins, and curve 40 is at boundary layer fins mentioned above 22.Figure 10 shows apart from blade 20 and sucks the boundary layer thickness that reduces in about 0.02 to 0.06 meter zone 54, surface.Figure 11 show be orthogonal to blade suck surface unit for the distance " N " of rice with respect to square (m of unit for square metre per second 2/ s 2) local turbulent kinetic energy " TKE ", wherein, curve 30 is at the base case that does not have boundary layer fins, and curve 40 is at boundary layer fins mentioned above 22.Figure 11 shows apart from blade 20 and sucks the turbulent kinetic energy that reduces in about 0.01 to 0.03 meter zone 56, surface.Vortex dissipation degree similarly descends.
Technology disclosed herein provides the various advantages that are better than usual manner.For example, increasing boundary layer fins 22 causes boundary layer thickness to reduce to reduce with the boundary layer separation minimally.Reduction along with turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent eddies dissipation degree has overcome opposite pressure gradient.Because the free stream in the introducing entrance boundary layer region is energized for flowing and is therefore reduced boundary layer thickness, so significantly do not change aerodynamic quality.Reducing of increase that the enlarging markedly of laminar flow zone caused lift and resistance.Also have significantly reducing of boundary layer thickness and turbulent kinetic energy, this can reduce the noise that causes because of other more weak boundary layer separation.
What should emphasize is that the foregoing description and especially any " preferably " embodiment is only for the example at these various mode of executions of having set forth, in order to the clear understanding to the All aspects of of present technique to be provided.Those of ordinary skill in the art can change some among these embodiments under situation about only not breaking away from basically by the protection domain that suitable structure limited of claims.

Claims (10)

1. a wind turbine blade comprises a plurality of boundary layer fins, and the flow direction that described boundary layer fins is roughly parallel on the described blade is aimed at, so that reduce separating of boundary layer and described blade.
2. wind turbine blade according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the height that each described boundary layer fins had be in corresponding boundary layer fins place the local boundary layer thickness about 25% to 100% between.
3. wind turbine blade according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the radius of curvature that end face had of each described boundary layer fins is between about 2 to 15 times of local boundary layer thickness at corresponding boundary layer fins place.
4. wind turbine blade according to claim 1 is characterized in that the radius of curvature that end face had of each described boundary layer fins is between about 40 millimeters to 150 millimeters.
5. wind turbine blade according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the length that each described boundary layer fins had is between about 2 to 40 times of corresponding sides interlayer fin height.
6. blade that is used for wind turbine comprises:
A plurality of boundary layer fins, each fin all roughly chordwise on the suction surface of described blade, aim at so that reduce separating of boundary layer and described blade;
Each described boundary layer fins is arranged between the outside 50% to 90% of the span of described blade; And
The leading edge of each described boundary layer fins be arranged in leading edge apart from described blade be corresponding wing chord about 15% to 90% between.
7. wind turbine blade according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the leading edge of each described boundary layer fins be arranged in leading edge apart from described blade be corresponding wing chord 50% to 90% between.
8. wind turbine blade according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the length of each boundary layer fins all is between about 2 to 40 times of corresponding sides interlayer fin height.
9. wind turbine blade according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the radius of curvature that end face had of each described boundary layer fins all is between about 2 to 60 times of corresponding sides interlayer fin height.
10. wind turbine blade according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the thickness of each described boundary layer fins all be in corresponding sides interlayer fin height about 10% to 100% between.
CN201010197617.9A 2009-05-28 2010-05-28 Boundary layer fins for wind turbine blade Expired - Fee Related CN101900077B (en)

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CN104279129A (en) * 2013-07-08 2015-01-14 西门子公司 Reduced noise vortex generator for wind turbine blade
CN109983235A (en) * 2016-11-21 2019-07-05 戴森技术有限公司 Compressor blade molding surface
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US7857597B2 (en) 2010-12-28
EP2275672B1 (en) 2016-10-19
CN101900077B (en) 2014-06-25
EP2275672A3 (en) 2015-08-12
US20100143144A1 (en) 2010-06-10
DK2275672T3 (en) 2016-12-12
EP2275672A2 (en) 2011-01-19

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