CA2521045A1 - Control of power, loads and/or stability of a horizontal axis wind turbine by use of variable blade geometry control - Google Patents

Control of power, loads and/or stability of a horizontal axis wind turbine by use of variable blade geometry control Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2521045A1
CA2521045A1 CA002521045A CA2521045A CA2521045A1 CA 2521045 A1 CA2521045 A1 CA 2521045A1 CA 002521045 A CA002521045 A CA 002521045A CA 2521045 A CA2521045 A CA 2521045A CA 2521045 A1 CA2521045 A1 CA 2521045A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
deformable
turbine blade
skin
blade according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002521045A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2521045C (en
Inventor
Dan Christian Bak
Thomas Buhl
Peter Fuglsang
Helge Aagaard Madsen
Flemming Rasmussen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danmarks Tekniskie Universitet
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2521045A1 publication Critical patent/CA2521045A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2521045C publication Critical patent/CA2521045C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0232—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades with flaps or slats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0641—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/305—Flaps, slats or spoilers
    • F05B2240/3052—Flaps, slats or spoilers adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F05B2240/311—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape flexible or elastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/76—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism using auxiliary power sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05B2280/5006—Shape memory
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The present invention relates to a design concept by which the power, loads and/or stability of a wind turbine may be controlled by typically fast variation of the geometry of the blades using active geometry control (e.g.
smart materials or by embedded mechanical actuators), or using passive geometry control (e.g. changes arising from loading and/or deformation of the blade) or by a combination of the two methods. The invention relates in particular to a wind turbine blade, a wind turbine and a method of controlling a wind turbine.

Claims (30)

1. A wind turbine blade comprising one or more shape deformable airfoils sections wherein the outer surface of each of the shape deformable airfoils sections is substantial continuos in all of its shapes, and actuator means for providing the shape changes in the shape deformable airfoil sections.
2. A wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the actuator means are(is) active means in the sense that they(it) provide(s) changes in shape by supplying them(it) with energy.
3. A wind turbine blade according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each shape deformable airfoil section comprising a substantially non-deformable part and one or more deformable parts.
4. A wind turbine blade according to claim 3, wherein, the outer surface of at least one of the deformable parts is defined by a skin made of a flexible material, e.g.
rubber.
5. A wind turbine blade according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the deformable parts is a shell construction in which the skin defined the shell.
6. A wind turbine blade according to claim 5, wherein the interior of the shell construction is occupied by a deformable supporting material, such as a foam made of plastic or rubber.
7. A wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 4-6, wherein the transition between the outer surface of substantially non-deformable part and the skin of the deformable parts is substantially smooth, such as substantial continuous.
8. A wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 4-8, wherein the non-deformable part comprising abutment surfaces on which the skin abuts, the abutment surfaces being shaped so that the transition between the outer surface of the substantial non-deformable part and the skin is substantially smooth, such as substantial continuous.
9. A wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 4-8, wherein the actuator means acts(act) on the inner side of the skin.
10. A wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 4-9, wherein the actuator means is(are) a longitudinal extendable device(s), preferably being a hydraulic device, having one end connected to the skin and the other end connected to the substantially non-deformable park or a structure connected to the substantially non-deformable part.
11. A wind turbine blade according claim 10, wherein the longitudinal extendable device at one end being attached to in the vicinity of either the upper or lower side of the airfoil.
12. A wind turbine blade according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the longitudinal extendable device(s) extends mainly in the cordwice direction and wherein the end being connected to said skin is connected to the skin at the lower side of the airfoil and the end being connected to the substantially non-deformable part or the structure is connected in the vicinity of the upper side of the airfoil or vice versa.
13. A wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 10-12, wherein the longitudinal extendable device(s) is(are) an extendable piston device.
14. A wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 4-8, wherein the skin is attached to the substantially non-deformable part and wherein the actuator means is situated within the skin.
15. A wind turbine blade according to claim 14, wherein the actuator means is(are) material composition(s) which elongation(s), shortening(s) and/or bending(s) is(are) controllable by applied electrical current(s), e.g. being a smart material.
16. A wind turbine blade according to claim 15, wherein the material composition is sandwiched or embedded in the skin, preferably in such a manner that no slip between the material composition and the material of the skin occurs during deformation of the skin.
17. A wind turbine blade according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the material composition is applied to the interior surface of the skin, preferably in such a manner that no slip between the material composition and the material of the skin occurs during deformation of the skin.
18. A wind turbine blade according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the shape deformable parts is made of flexible material(s), e.g. rubber, and wherein the actuator means is(are) an extendable beam(s) extending within the material(s).
19. A wind turbine blade according to claim 18, wherein the at least one deformable part is made solely of flexible material(s) and has one or more voids.
20. A wind turbine blade according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the extendable beams) is made from a material composition which elongation(s), shortening(s) and/or bending(s) is(are) controllable by applied electrical current(s), such as made from a smart material.
21. A wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the actuator means are(is) passive in the sense that they provide(s) changes in shape as a result of movement of the blade, said movement being preferably torsion, bending and/or rotation of the blades.
22. A wind turbine blade according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the substantially non-deformable part is a central part of the blade and wherein the one or more deformable parts are the leading edge region and/or the trailing edge region.
23. A wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 1-22, wherein the substantially non-deformable part is a load carrying part.
24. A wind turbine having one or more wind turbine blades according to any of the claims
25. A method of controlling the operation condition(s) of a wind turbine comprising one or more blades each having one or more shape deformable airfoil sections, said operation condition(s) being preferably the load on the blade(s), the power produced by the wind turbine, air induced noise, the stability of the wind turbine and/or the like;
said method comprises controlling the shape of the shape deformable airfoil sections, wherein the changes in shape are performed so that no discontinuities are introduced in the surfaces of the airfoils sections.
26. A method according to claim 25, wherein each or some of the shape deformable airfoil sections comprise one or more of the features according to any of the claims 1-24.
27. A method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the wind turbine comprises detecting means for detecting the one or more operation(s) conditions, wherein the detected operation condition(s) is(are) input to a computer system comprising functionality determining shape deformations to be imposed on some or all of the deformable airfoil sections based on said input.
28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the detecting means comprising means for measuring the blade flow pressure, the rotor position and/or strain gauges, accelerometers or the like provided on one or more components of the wind turbine, said components being typically and preferably the blade(s), the nacelle and/or the tower.
29. A method according to any of the claims 25-28, wherein a typical time scale for a deformation to be introduced in the deformable airfoil sections, is lower than the time for one rotor rotation, preferably lower than half the time for one rotor rotation, such as lower than one quarter for the time for one rotor rotation, such as lower than the time it takes for a blade to rotate 10°, such as 15°.
30. A method according to any of the claims 25-29, further comprising the step setting and/or altering the full span pitch of each blade.
CA2521045A 2003-03-31 2004-03-31 Control of power, loads and/or stability of a horizontal axis wind turbine by use of variable blade geometry control Expired - Fee Related CA2521045C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200300491 2003-03-31
DKPA200300491 2003-03-31
PCT/DK2004/000225 WO2004088130A1 (en) 2003-03-31 2004-03-31 Control of power, loads and/or stability of a horizontal axis wind turbine by use of variable blade geometry control

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2521045A1 true CA2521045A1 (en) 2004-10-14
CA2521045C CA2521045C (en) 2010-03-23

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CA2521045A Expired - Fee Related CA2521045C (en) 2003-03-31 2004-03-31 Control of power, loads and/or stability of a horizontal axis wind turbine by use of variable blade geometry control

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7632068B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1613860B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100455793C (en)
AU (1) AU2004225883B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2521045C (en)
DK (1) DK1613860T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2561389T3 (en)
NO (1) NO20055081L (en)
WO (1) WO2004088130A1 (en)

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