CA1128865A - Vertical axis wind turbine - Google Patents
Vertical axis wind turbineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1128865A CA1128865A CA306,964A CA306964A CA1128865A CA 1128865 A CA1128865 A CA 1128865A CA 306964 A CA306964 A CA 306964A CA 1128865 A CA1128865 A CA 1128865A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- control
- vertical axis
- wind turbine
- rotary shaft
- turbine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
- F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
- F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/90—Braking
- F05B2260/902—Braking using frictional mechanical forces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
Abstract
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Wind turbines are largely divided into vertical axis wind turbines and propeller (horizontal axis) wind turbines. The present invention discloses a vertical axis high speed wind turbine provided with a starting and braking control system. This vertical axis wind turbine is formed by having blades of a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms provided radially from a vertical rotary axis by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with said axis and being provided with a low speed control windmill in which the radial position of each operating piece varies with a centrifugal force produced by the rotation of said vertical rotary axis.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Wind turbines are largely divided into vertical axis wind turbines and propeller (horizontal axis) wind turbines. The present invention discloses a vertical axis high speed wind turbine provided with a starting and braking control system. This vertical axis wind turbine is formed by having blades of a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms provided radially from a vertical rotary axis by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with said axis and being provided with a low speed control windmill in which the radial position of each operating piece varies with a centrifugal force produced by the rotation of said vertical rotary axis.
Description
3 ~8~
This invention relates to wind turbines and more particularly to a vertical axis high speed wind turbine in which starting and/or braking can be controlled.
Generally, various wind turbines converting wind energy to a rotary motion have been already suggested and practiced. Among them, the propeller w1nd turbine (hori-zontal axis wind turbine) is required to have the propeller rotating disc always rightly alinged with the wind direc-tion, whereas the vertical axis wind turbine is omni-directional, is not influenced at all by the wind direction and is excellent in respect of the configuràtion and operation.
Therefore the present inventors have developed and suggested a vertical axis high speed wind turbine using blades of an efficient arifoil.
In the above mentioned vertical axis high speed wind turbine, the efficiency is high but the starting torque is low. Further, in the general wind turbines, at the time of such excessive wind velocity as in a typhoon, it will be necessary to control the rotational speed.
Therefore, in order to practice this kind of vertical axis wind turbine, it is necessary to develop means of achieving the control of the rotational spe~d of the turbine.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
. _ _ The present invention provides a vertical axis wind turbine which has been specially adapted for control-ling the rotational speed of the turbine. This has been accomplished by providing the turbine with blades oE
a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms ,-'',, ~
l provided radially from a vertical rotary axis by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with the axis, characterized by being provided with a low speed control windmill in which the radial position of each operating piece varies with a centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the vertical rotary axis.
sRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further preferred features and advantages of the present invention will be described through the following description, wherein:
Figure l is an explanatory plan view showing a blade to be used in an embodiment of the present invention as fitted to a vertical axis wind turbine;
Figure 2 is an explanatory view showing an embodi-ment of the airfoil of a blade to be used in the present invention;
Figure 3 is an elevation of a wind turbine of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is an elevation of an essential part showing the first embodiment of a low speed windmill for the control of the rotational speed of the turbine;
Figure 6 to 10 show other embodiments of the low speed windmill for the control of the rotational speed of the turbine, Figure 6 being an elevation of the essential part at the time of starting, Figure 7 being one at the time of a normal rotation, Figure 8 being one at the time of an excessive rotational speed, Figure 9 being a plan view of a flange part and Figure 10 being a plan view show-ing a sliding ring.
This invention relates to wind turbines and more particularly to a vertical axis high speed wind turbine in which starting and/or braking can be controlled.
Generally, various wind turbines converting wind energy to a rotary motion have been already suggested and practiced. Among them, the propeller w1nd turbine (hori-zontal axis wind turbine) is required to have the propeller rotating disc always rightly alinged with the wind direc-tion, whereas the vertical axis wind turbine is omni-directional, is not influenced at all by the wind direction and is excellent in respect of the configuràtion and operation.
Therefore the present inventors have developed and suggested a vertical axis high speed wind turbine using blades of an efficient arifoil.
In the above mentioned vertical axis high speed wind turbine, the efficiency is high but the starting torque is low. Further, in the general wind turbines, at the time of such excessive wind velocity as in a typhoon, it will be necessary to control the rotational speed.
Therefore, in order to practice this kind of vertical axis wind turbine, it is necessary to develop means of achieving the control of the rotational spe~d of the turbine.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
. _ _ The present invention provides a vertical axis wind turbine which has been specially adapted for control-ling the rotational speed of the turbine. This has been accomplished by providing the turbine with blades oE
a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms ,-'',, ~
l provided radially from a vertical rotary axis by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with the axis, characterized by being provided with a low speed control windmill in which the radial position of each operating piece varies with a centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the vertical rotary axis.
sRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further preferred features and advantages of the present invention will be described through the following description, wherein:
Figure l is an explanatory plan view showing a blade to be used in an embodiment of the present invention as fitted to a vertical axis wind turbine;
Figure 2 is an explanatory view showing an embodi-ment of the airfoil of a blade to be used in the present invention;
Figure 3 is an elevation of a wind turbine of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is an elevation of an essential part showing the first embodiment of a low speed windmill for the control of the rotational speed of the turbine;
Figure 6 to 10 show other embodiments of the low speed windmill for the control of the rotational speed of the turbine, Figure 6 being an elevation of the essential part at the time of starting, Figure 7 being one at the time of a normal rotation, Figure 8 being one at the time of an excessive rotational speed, Figure 9 being a plan view of a flange part and Figure 10 being a plan view show-ing a sliding ring.
2 -,~, Figures 1 and 2 show a blade for wind turbines to be used in an embodiment of the vertical axis high speed wind turbine o:E the present invention.
This blade 1 is fitted and fixed as shown in Figure 1 to the ends of supporting arms 3 fitted above and below a vertical rotary shaft 2 and projecting radially therefrom. In Figure 1, reference numeral 4 indicates an arrow showing the advancing direction of the blade and 5 and 6 indicate arrows showing respectively the positive direction on the coordinate X and the positive direction on the coordinate Y. In Figure 2 of the airfoil of the blade 1, reference numeral 7 indicates the leading edge of the airfoil, 8 indicates the trailing edge of the airfoil, 9 indicates the chord line of the airfoil, 10 indicates a camber reversing point and 11 indicates a camber reversing position which is a position on the coordinate X of the camber reversing point 10. The above mentioned airfoil 1 is formed by giving a camber of a downward convex curvature between the leading edge 7 of the airfoil and the camber reversing position 11 and a camber of an upward convex curvature between the camber reversing position 11 and the trailing edge 8 of the airfoil so as to be a mean line 12 and giving a rational thickness distribution of this mean line.
By the form of the above mentioned airfoil, the blade used in the present invention has three characteris-tics required of the blade of the vertical axis wind tur-bine that the pitching moment coefficient should have a large negative value, the minimum drag coefficient should , ~
, . . .
1 be small and the difference between the zero lift angle and minimum drag coefficient angle should be small.
Figures 3 and 4 show a vertical axis wind turbine embodying the present invention. This vertical axis wind S turbine 13 is formed by fitting and Eixing the above des-cribed blades 1 at their upper and lower parts of the mid-span position respectively to the ends of the supporting arms 3 provided to project at regular intervals radially from two upper and lower flanges fixed to the ver-tical rotary shaft 2.
A low speed control windmill 14 is formed by fitting wind cups 18, which are operating pieces, to res-pective supporting arms 17 rotatable each around a fulcrum 16 as a center and provided to project toward the outer periphery at regular intervals on a flange 15 fitted and fixed to the above mentioned rotary shaft 2. This control windmill 14 has a weigh-t 19 supporting arm 20 pivoted at the lower end to a pivoting point of each supporting arm 17 and the flange 15 and has a rod 23 rotatably pivoted between the intermediate part of said supporting arm 20 and a sliding ring 22 provided to be vertically movable on the rotary shaft 2 and energized upward by a spring 21.
By the way, in the drawing, reference numeral 24 indicates a flange supporting arm fitting part and 25 indi-cates a rod pivoting part of the sliding ring.
In the above described low speed control windmill 14, at the time of starting the wind turbine 13, the sliding ring 22 will be energized upward by the compressive load of the spring 21 and will pull the weights 19 and supporting arms 20 through the respective rods 23 toward the rotary ,~
.; "
$~
1 shaft 2 and therefore the wind cups 18 will be positioned in the direction of the maximum radius as shown in Figure 5 to obtain a starting torque.
When the wind turbine 13 reaches a normal rotating speed, by the centrifugal force, the weights 19 will be moved toward the outer periphery against the compressive load of the spring 21 and the wind cups 18 will be pushed down to the minimum radius positions so as to prevent the adverse effects on the turbine 13.
Figures 6 to 10 show another embodiment of the low speed control windmill 14. In the windmill 14 of this embodiment, a link mechanism 26 is so provided that, when the weight 19 rotates by about 45 degrees, the wind cup 18 may rotate by about 90 degrees and, when the weight 19 rotates by about 90 degrees, the wind cup 18 may rotate by about 180 degrees so that the torque transmitted to the wind cup 18 may be halved.
Therefore, at the time of the excessive rotational speed of the wind turbine 13, due to the movement of the weights 19 by the centrifugal force, the wind cups will come to the maximum radius positions in the reverse direction to obtain an aerodynamic drag force, i.e., a braking torque.
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the relation between the position of each blade 1 of the wind turbine and the position of each wind cup 18 of the control windmill is such that the starting torque of the control windmill 14 may be maximum in the position in which the starting torque of the wind turbine 13 is minimum. It is also preferable that the weight is made in such form having a small drag coefficient as, for example, of a water dro~p.
,:, 1 By the way, in the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention, the number of the blades arranged in parallel with the vertical rotary axis is not limited to be three as in the embodiment but any rational number of blades may be preferably fitted depending on the local and meteorological conditions under which the wind turbine is to be used. This is the same also with the number of the wind cups of the low speed control windmill.
Also, in the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention, the positions and number of the supporting arms for fitting the blades to the rotary shaft are not limited to those in the above mentioned embodiments.
Further, in the low speed control windmill, the kind and structure of the mechanism of moving the operating pieces with the centrifiugal force are not limited.
As will be appreciated from the above description, the present invention provides a vertical axis wind turbine wherein at the time of starting, a starting torque will be obtained. The invention also provides a vertical axis wind turbine wherein at the time of excessive wind velocity, such as that encountered in a typhoon, a braking torque is obtained.
During normal rotation, the reduction of the turbine efficiency due to the presence of the controlled device, is kept at a minimum. Furthermore, starting and braking can be automatically controlled without using any other power source.
As it is obvious that different working manners can be formed in a wide range without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention, this invention is not limited to the specific working manners except as defined in the appended claims.
~, - 6 -
This blade 1 is fitted and fixed as shown in Figure 1 to the ends of supporting arms 3 fitted above and below a vertical rotary shaft 2 and projecting radially therefrom. In Figure 1, reference numeral 4 indicates an arrow showing the advancing direction of the blade and 5 and 6 indicate arrows showing respectively the positive direction on the coordinate X and the positive direction on the coordinate Y. In Figure 2 of the airfoil of the blade 1, reference numeral 7 indicates the leading edge of the airfoil, 8 indicates the trailing edge of the airfoil, 9 indicates the chord line of the airfoil, 10 indicates a camber reversing point and 11 indicates a camber reversing position which is a position on the coordinate X of the camber reversing point 10. The above mentioned airfoil 1 is formed by giving a camber of a downward convex curvature between the leading edge 7 of the airfoil and the camber reversing position 11 and a camber of an upward convex curvature between the camber reversing position 11 and the trailing edge 8 of the airfoil so as to be a mean line 12 and giving a rational thickness distribution of this mean line.
By the form of the above mentioned airfoil, the blade used in the present invention has three characteris-tics required of the blade of the vertical axis wind tur-bine that the pitching moment coefficient should have a large negative value, the minimum drag coefficient should , ~
, . . .
1 be small and the difference between the zero lift angle and minimum drag coefficient angle should be small.
Figures 3 and 4 show a vertical axis wind turbine embodying the present invention. This vertical axis wind S turbine 13 is formed by fitting and Eixing the above des-cribed blades 1 at their upper and lower parts of the mid-span position respectively to the ends of the supporting arms 3 provided to project at regular intervals radially from two upper and lower flanges fixed to the ver-tical rotary shaft 2.
A low speed control windmill 14 is formed by fitting wind cups 18, which are operating pieces, to res-pective supporting arms 17 rotatable each around a fulcrum 16 as a center and provided to project toward the outer periphery at regular intervals on a flange 15 fitted and fixed to the above mentioned rotary shaft 2. This control windmill 14 has a weigh-t 19 supporting arm 20 pivoted at the lower end to a pivoting point of each supporting arm 17 and the flange 15 and has a rod 23 rotatably pivoted between the intermediate part of said supporting arm 20 and a sliding ring 22 provided to be vertically movable on the rotary shaft 2 and energized upward by a spring 21.
By the way, in the drawing, reference numeral 24 indicates a flange supporting arm fitting part and 25 indi-cates a rod pivoting part of the sliding ring.
In the above described low speed control windmill 14, at the time of starting the wind turbine 13, the sliding ring 22 will be energized upward by the compressive load of the spring 21 and will pull the weights 19 and supporting arms 20 through the respective rods 23 toward the rotary ,~
.; "
$~
1 shaft 2 and therefore the wind cups 18 will be positioned in the direction of the maximum radius as shown in Figure 5 to obtain a starting torque.
When the wind turbine 13 reaches a normal rotating speed, by the centrifugal force, the weights 19 will be moved toward the outer periphery against the compressive load of the spring 21 and the wind cups 18 will be pushed down to the minimum radius positions so as to prevent the adverse effects on the turbine 13.
Figures 6 to 10 show another embodiment of the low speed control windmill 14. In the windmill 14 of this embodiment, a link mechanism 26 is so provided that, when the weight 19 rotates by about 45 degrees, the wind cup 18 may rotate by about 90 degrees and, when the weight 19 rotates by about 90 degrees, the wind cup 18 may rotate by about 180 degrees so that the torque transmitted to the wind cup 18 may be halved.
Therefore, at the time of the excessive rotational speed of the wind turbine 13, due to the movement of the weights 19 by the centrifugal force, the wind cups will come to the maximum radius positions in the reverse direction to obtain an aerodynamic drag force, i.e., a braking torque.
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the relation between the position of each blade 1 of the wind turbine and the position of each wind cup 18 of the control windmill is such that the starting torque of the control windmill 14 may be maximum in the position in which the starting torque of the wind turbine 13 is minimum. It is also preferable that the weight is made in such form having a small drag coefficient as, for example, of a water dro~p.
,:, 1 By the way, in the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention, the number of the blades arranged in parallel with the vertical rotary axis is not limited to be three as in the embodiment but any rational number of blades may be preferably fitted depending on the local and meteorological conditions under which the wind turbine is to be used. This is the same also with the number of the wind cups of the low speed control windmill.
Also, in the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention, the positions and number of the supporting arms for fitting the blades to the rotary shaft are not limited to those in the above mentioned embodiments.
Further, in the low speed control windmill, the kind and structure of the mechanism of moving the operating pieces with the centrifiugal force are not limited.
As will be appreciated from the above description, the present invention provides a vertical axis wind turbine wherein at the time of starting, a starting torque will be obtained. The invention also provides a vertical axis wind turbine wherein at the time of excessive wind velocity, such as that encountered in a typhoon, a braking torque is obtained.
During normal rotation, the reduction of the turbine efficiency due to the presence of the controlled device, is kept at a minimum. Furthermore, starting and braking can be automatically controlled without using any other power source.
As it is obvious that different working manners can be formed in a wide range without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention, this invention is not limited to the specific working manners except as defined in the appended claims.
~, - 6 -
Claims (15)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a vertical axis wind turbine having a vertical rotary shaft, a speed control mechanism comprising a plurality of control blades, each control blade being secured to said shaft by support means including a control linkage operatively connected to each control blade to vary the radial position thereof and biasing means for said control linkage whereby the radial position of each of said control blades varies with the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the vertical shaft such that the characteristics of the turbine change in a controlled manner.
2. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said support means includes a fixed collar secured to said rotary shaft and a floating collar movable along the axis of said rotary shaft, said biasing means including a spring located between said fixed collar and said floating collar, said control linkage connecting said fixed and floating collar by two bar links to form a slider crank relationship with one of said bar links extending outwardly to support a control mass, one of said bar links being connected to said control blade whereby rotation of the rotary shaft of the wind turbine increases the centrifugal force on said control mass and moves radially outwardly causing said floating collar to move towards said fixed collar until a balancing force is established by said biasing means, the movement of said floating collar relative to said fixed collar causing the radial distance of said control blades relative to said rotary shaft to decrease and thereby decrease the moment exerted by said control blades on said rotary shaft.
3. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein said control linkage pivotally supports said control blade outwardly by a support arm movable in a vertical plane and pivotally connected to said fixed collar, one of said bar links being connected by a further link to said support arm outwardly of the rotary shaft to thereby control the radial spacing of said control blades with the speed of the turbine.
4. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 3, wherein said biasing means urges said control blades outwardly away from the rotary shaft to increase the starting torque exerted on the rotary shaft.
5. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 4, wherein said further link is connected to said support arm such that said control blades are initially positioned to increase the starting torque of the turbine to one side of the rotary and are movable to the opposite side of the rotary shaft to provide a braking force as the speed of the turbine exceeds a predetermined limit.
6. A method for controlling the rotational speed of a vertical axis wind turbine by means of a plurality of control blades positioned radially outwardly of the vertical axis of the turbine comprising the steps of:
1) initially biasing the control blades to a position outwardly of the vertical axis of the wind turbine to provide additional starting torque for rotation of the turbine; and 2) mechanically decreasing the radial distance of said control blades relative to said rotary axis as a function of the speed of the turbine thereby decreasing the moment exerted on sid rotary shaft for causing rotation thereof.
1) initially biasing the control blades to a position outwardly of the vertical axis of the wind turbine to provide additional starting torque for rotation of the turbine; and 2) mechanically decreasing the radial distance of said control blades relative to said rotary axis as a function of the speed of the turbine thereby decreasing the moment exerted on sid rotary shaft for causing rotation thereof.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, including the step of moving. the control blades to the side opposite their initial position as the speed of the turbine continues to increase and thereby provide a braking force reducing the speed of the turbine.
8. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 1, including a control mass connected to said linkage outwardly of said rotary shaft and movable in the radial direction relative to said shaft as a function of the centrifugal force exerted on said mass, wherein the position of the control blades is determined by said control mass, said biasing means and said control linkage as a function of the speed of the rotary shaft to decrease the moment causing rotation of the rotary shaft as the speed thereof increases, said biasing means urging said control mass to a position adjacent said rotary shaft.
9. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the radial movement of the control blade is opposite to the radial movement of the control mass.
10. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 5, wherein at least three control blades are provided, each of said control linkages being secured to said fixed collar and said floating collar, said control blades being equally spaced about the rotary shaft.
11. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein said control linkage includes a fixed collar scoured to said rotary shaft and connected to a floating collar slildingly scoured to said shaft through two bar links to form a slider crank-type arrangement, said biasing means being a spring positioned between said fixed collar and said floating collar.
12. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 11, wherein said control blades are initially positioned outwardly of said rotary shaft to increase the starting torque of the turbine.
13. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 12, wherein said blades are movable to the opposite side of the rotary shaft to provide a braking moment as the speed of the turbine exceeds a predetermined point.
14. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 12 or 13, wherein the movement of said control blades as a function of the speed of the turbine is a continuous function within its end limits.
15. In a vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 13, wherein the braking moment increases with further increases in the speed of the turbine once the predetermined point has been exceeded.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8160477A JPS5417441A (en) | 1977-07-07 | 1977-07-07 | Vertical shaft type air force turbine |
| JP52-81604 | 1977-07-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1128865A true CA1128865A (en) | 1982-08-03 |
Family
ID=13750913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA306,964A Expired CA1128865A (en) | 1977-07-07 | 1978-07-07 | Vertical axis wind turbine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4247252A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5417441A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1128865A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2829717A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5751981A (en) * | 1980-09-12 | 1982-03-27 | Toshiba Corp | Pump operation control device |
| JPS5756690A (en) * | 1980-09-18 | 1982-04-05 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Parallel operation of pump |
| JPS5857082A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1983-04-05 | Shigefumi Mori | Two-way pneumatic axial-flow turbine in wind tunnel |
| NL8105689A (en) * | 1981-12-17 | 1983-07-18 | Stichting Energie | DEVICE FOR WINNING ENERGY FROM A FLOWING MEDIUM. |
| US4415312A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-11-15 | Wixlin, Inc. | Transverse axis fluid turbine |
| FR2574490B2 (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1988-12-30 | Lepoix Louis | TURBINE FOR CAPTURING THE ENERGY OF MOVING FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY FOR WIND ENERGY |
| US4500257A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1985-02-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Wind turbine spoiler |
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| DE3574760D1 (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1990-01-18 | Louis L Lepoix | TURBINE TO RECEIVE FLUIDUM ENERGY, ESPECIALLY WIND ENERGY. |
| US4718821A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1988-01-12 | Clancy Brian D | Windmill blade |
| GB8626347D0 (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1986-12-03 | Bicc Plc | Wind energy convertor |
| AU5016493A (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-03-15 | Four Winds Energy Corporation | Wind turbine particularly suited for high-wind conditions |
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| US6191496B1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2001-02-20 | Dillyn M. Elder | Wind turbine system |
| US6448669B1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2002-09-10 | Dillyn M. Elder | Water power generation system |
| CN1938516A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-03-28 | 株式会社Ipb | Vertical shaft type windmill and blade for windmill |
| CN100447408C (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2008-12-31 | 杨高 | Vertical disk style fan |
| ES2338835B1 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2011-02-18 | Salvador Domenech Barcons | MOTOR FORCE GENERATOR DEVICE. |
| US8648483B2 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2014-02-11 | Eastern Wind Power | Vertical axis wind turbine system |
| US8030792B2 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2011-10-04 | Eastern Wind Power | Vertical axis wind turbine system |
| US8164213B2 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2012-04-24 | Exquadrum, Inc. | Orbital track wind turbine |
| US7988413B2 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-08-02 | Eastern Wind Power | Vertical axis wind turbine |
| TWI425145B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2014-02-01 | Hiwin Mikrosystem Corp | Vertical wind power generator with automatically retractable blades |
| FR2971560A1 (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-08-17 | Gilles Baratoux | Peripheral device for use in wind turbine that is installed in land to produce electricity, has support fixed to vertical axle of rotor of wind turbine, and fixed wing supporting counterweight of adjustable wing and centrifugal drive system |
| US8491262B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-07-23 | General Electric Company | Method for shut down of a wind turbine having rotor blades with fail-safe air brakes |
| WO2014175755A1 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | Anew Institute Sp. Z.O.O. | Vertical axis wind turbine brake |
| US9267491B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2016-02-23 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine rotor blade having a spoiler |
| WO2021231106A1 (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-18 | XFlow Energy Company | Separable fluid turbine rotor |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1319174A (en) * | 1919-10-21 | Windmill | ||
| US175530A (en) * | 1876-03-28 | Improvement in windmills | ||
| US1415645A (en) * | 1921-08-01 | 1922-05-09 | Holterud Samuel | Wind wheel |
| US1609883A (en) * | 1925-09-10 | 1926-12-07 | Fisher R Potts | Windmill |
| US1766765A (en) * | 1927-12-16 | 1930-06-24 | Sigurd J Savonius | Wind rotor |
| FR695507A (en) * | 1929-05-14 | 1930-12-17 | Energy Res Company | Improvements to motors using, as driving force, the living force of a moving fluid |
| US1850721A (en) * | 1930-02-27 | 1932-03-22 | Katzenberger Martin | Fluid motor |
| US1825500A (en) * | 1930-02-28 | 1931-09-29 | William C Banker | Windmill |
| FR701036A (en) * | 1930-08-26 | 1931-03-10 | Paddle wheel | |
| US2067542A (en) * | 1935-05-04 | 1937-01-12 | Penton Jules Denver | Wind reaction turbine |
| GB568783A (en) * | 1943-10-18 | 1945-04-19 | Robert Gardiner Lumsden | Improvements in or relating to air-brake devices for windmills |
| DE860930C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1952-12-29 | Ernst Dipl-Ing Jahnke | Wind power machine |
| DE892130C (en) * | 1951-08-03 | 1953-10-05 | Johann Dr-Ing Cassens | Wind engine |
| GB735111A (en) * | 1952-04-24 | 1955-08-17 | Richard Bauer | Improvements in or relating to high speed windmill motors |
| US3918839A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1975-11-11 | Us Energy | Wind turbine |
| US4082479A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1978-04-04 | Canadian Patents And Development Limited | Overspeed spoilers for vertical axis wind turbine |
| US4061926A (en) * | 1976-03-24 | 1977-12-06 | Peed Paul V | Wind driven electrical generator |
-
1977
- 1977-07-07 JP JP8160477A patent/JPS5417441A/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-07-06 DE DE19782829717 patent/DE2829717A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1978-07-06 US US05/922,281 patent/US4247252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-07-07 CA CA306,964A patent/CA1128865A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4247252A (en) | 1981-01-27 |
| JPS5417441A (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| JPS5642752B2 (en) | 1981-10-07 |
| DE2829717A1 (en) | 1979-02-22 |
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