CA1098042A - Vertical axis type wind power turbine - Google Patents

Vertical axis type wind power turbine

Info

Publication number
CA1098042A
CA1098042A CA300,363A CA300363A CA1098042A CA 1098042 A CA1098042 A CA 1098042A CA 300363 A CA300363 A CA 300363A CA 1098042 A CA1098042 A CA 1098042A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
wind power
blades
axis type
type wind
vertical axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA300,363A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoshio Kato
Yoshio Shimizu
Kazuichi Seki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gakko Hojin Tokai University
Original Assignee
Gakko Hojin Tokai University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gakko Hojin Tokai University filed Critical Gakko Hojin Tokai University
Priority to CA300,363A priority Critical patent/CA1098042A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1098042A publication Critical patent/CA1098042A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Abstract

Title of the Invention:
VERTICAL AXIS TYPE WIND POWER TURBINE
Abstract of the Disclosure:
Wind power turbines are largely divided into vertical axis type wind power turbines and propeller type (horizontal axis type) wind power turbines. The present invention discloses a vertical axis type wind power turbine.
The airfoil of blades in this vertical axis type wind power turbine is formed in such manner that, denoting proper position of the airfoil chord line as a camber reversing position, a camber having a downward convex curvature is given between said position and a leading edge and a camber having an upward convex curvature is given between said position and a trailing edge so as to:
be mean line and a rational thickness distribution is given to this mean line. This vertical axis type wind power turbine is formed by keeping the spanwise direction of the above mentioned blade parallel with a vertical rotary axis and fitting a plurality of blades at regular intervals at a distance to the vertical rotary axis through respective supporting arms.

Description

: Background of the Invention:
This invention relates to:wind power turbines and . ~ .
more particularly to a vertical axls type wind power turbine~.
: 25 ~ Generally, various wind power turbines converting : ::

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a wind power energy to a rotary motion have been already suggested and practiced. Such wind power turbines are largely divided into propeller type (horizontal axis type) wind power turbines and vertical axis type wind power turbines.
In the propeller type wind power turbine among them, unless .. . : .

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:. : , . " -. . ' . '. ,: ' . ' 1 the propeller rotating disk is rightly aligned with the wind direction, the rotating efficiently will be so low that, in case the wind power trubine is to be located in a place where the wind direction varies, it will be necessary to always rightly align the propeller rotating disk with the wind direction by providing a device following the wind directionA On the other hand, the vertical axis type wind power turbine is omni-directional and is not influenced at all by the wind direction.
Therefore, the primary advantage of the vertical axis wind turbine over its horizontal counterpart lies in the simplicity of the basic configuration.
However, if such airfoil as is usually used for aircraft is adopted for the blade of the above-mentioned vertical axis type wind power turbine, the efficiency of the turbine will not be so high as it potentially is.
Therefore! a system of periodically controlling the blade fitting angle with the rotation of the turbine is suggested to improve the efficiency of the wind power turbine. ~owever, in this cyclic control system, a complicated costly control device is re~uired to be introduced and the feature of the above described vertical axis type windmill cannot be well realized.
According to the present invention, a vertical axis type wind powered turbine comprises a plurality of vertical blades of an airfoil form with each of the blades ,. - .
having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord line extend1ng between the leading and trailing edge and a camber having a reversing position provided on said chord line between said leading and trailing edges. The camber 1 of each blade has a radially inward convex curvature between the reversing position and the leading edge as well as a radially outward convex curvature between the reversing position and the trailing edge, such that a mean line and a rational thickness distribution is given to the mean line.
According to a preferred aspect of the invention, these blades are used with a support having a vertical rotary axis parallel to the spanwise direction of the blade and further including a plurality of supporting arms rotatably coupled to the rotary axis for securing a plurality of blades at a distance from the axis.
With the vertical axis type wind power turbine, according to the present invention, there is no complicated control system and the blades are of a design for improving the efficierlcy oE these units. Furthermore, the natural frequency of the spanwise bending vibration of the blade can be increased. Also, it is possible for this design that the natural frequency of the bending vibration of the vertical rotary axis can be kept high. With this design, the induced drag on the blades is reduced by preventing the reduction of the coefficient so as to make the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade approach those of a two-dimensional blade and, therefore, result in improved efficiency of the unit. Furthermore, the vibration and deflection induced by the rotation of the turbine can be minimi~ed, resulting in a highly efficient conversion of the wind power.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in ; 30 the drawings wherein:

~398~9~2 1 Fig. 1 is an explanatory plan view showing a blade to be used in the present invention as fitted to a vertical axis type wind power turbine.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment - ~ oE the airfoil of a blade to be used in the present invention.

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Fig. 3 is an elevation showing a vertical axis type wind power turbine of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an elevation showing a vertical axis type wind power turbine of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an elevation showing a vertical axis type wind power turbine of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an elevation showing a vertical axis type wind power turbine of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a plan view of Fig. 7.
lS Detailed Description of the Invention: ;
An embodiment of the blade to be used for the vertical axis type wind power turbine of the present invention shall be explained in the following with reEerence to Figs. 1 and 2.
A blade 1 is fitted and fixed as shown in Fig. 1 to the ends of supporting arms 3 fitted above and below a verticaI rotary axis 2 and projecting radially therefrom.
In Fig. 1~ reference numeral 4 indicates an arrow showing the advancing direction of the blade and 5 and 6 indicate arrows showing respectively the positive direction on the coordinate X and the positive direction on the r 31 ~9~

: coordinate Y.
In Fig. 2 showing the airfoil of the blade 1, reference numeral 7 indicates the leading edge of the airfoil, 8 indicates the trailing edge of the airfoil, ., .

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1 9 indicates the chord line of the airfoil 10 indicates a camber reversing point and 11 indicates a camber reversing position which is a projection on the coordinate X of the camber reversing point 10. The above-mentioned airfoil 1 is formed by giving a camber of a radially inward convex curvature between the leading edge 7 of the airfoil and the camber reversing position 11 and a camber of a radially outward convex curvature between the camber reversing position 11 and the trailing edge 8 of the air-foil so as to be a mean line 12 and giving a reasonable thickness distribution to this mean line.
The airfoil 1 of the vertical axis type turbine operates in a wide angle of attack during the rotation of the turbine and therefore the degree to which various characteristics of the airfoil contribute to the rotating efficiency of the turbine is complicated. However, the inventors of the present invention have discovered that the following three characteristics are desired for the arifoil 1 o~ the vertical axis type wind power turbine.
One of the characteristics is that the pitching moment coefficient should have a large negative value.
For this purpose, in the blade 1 of the present invention, the above-mentioned characteristic is obtained by reversing the camber curvature. By the way, the above mentioned characteristic does not coincide with the characteristic of the airfoil to be used usually for aircraft, because, in the airfoil for aircraft, it is customary to keep the pitching moment coefficient as small as possible.
The second of the desired characteristics is that the minimum drag coefficient should be small. For this purpose, in the airfoil of the blade 1 of the present invention, a reasonable blade thickness distribution is given to the mean line made by reversing the camber.
The third of the desired characteristics is that the difference between the zero lift angle and minimum drag coefficient angle should be small. For this purpose, the airfoil of the present invention has also this charac-teristic by reversing the camber as described above.
The vertical axis type wind power turbine formed by using blades of the above mentioned airfoil shall be explained in the following.
The vertical axis type wind power turbine shown :Ln Figs. 3 and 4 is a turbine of the first embodiment of the present invention. This wind power turbine 13 is formed by fitting and fixing the above described blades at their ' upper and lower ends respectively lo the ends of supporting ; arms 17 and 18 provided to project at regular intervals radially from two upper and lower flanges 16 and 15 fixed to a vertical rotary axis 14.
By the way, in the drawingl reference numeral 19 indicates a turbine supporting stand rotatably holding the above mentioned turbine.
Generally the aerodynamic force received by the vertical axis turbine fluctuates with the rotation of the turbine and becomes a periodlc exciting force to vibrate the turbine. However, the basic frequency of such exciting .
.

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force is obtained by multiplying the number of revolutions oE the turbine by the number of blades. Therefore, in a high speed type turbine with a high efEiciency of conversion, particularly it is necessary to keep the natural frequencies of the respective component elements of the turbine high.
In the turbine of the above mentioned first embodiment, -the blade is held at its upper and lower ends.
The vertical axis type wind power turbine shown in Fig. 5 is a turbine of the second embodiment of the present invention.
This vertical axis type wind power turbine is :Eormed by fixing a flange 15 to a vertical rotary axis 14 just ahove the supporting stand 19 and fitting and fixing the above described blades 1 substantially in the center parts to the ends of the respective supporting arms 17 provided to project at regular intervals radially from this flange 15. In the turbine of this second emhodiment, the distance between the upper end of the supporting stand 19 and the supporting arm 17 is so small that the natural frequency of the bending vibration of the axis 14 can be kept high.
The wind power turbine shown in Fig. 6 is a turbine of the third embodiment of the present invention. This vertical axis type wind power turbine 21 is of a type Lntermediate between the types of the turbines of the above ,.

mentioned first embodiment and second embodiment~ The fitting positions of the blades 1 are made intermèdiate so that the vibration and deflection induced by the rotation of the turbine may be prevented and the wind power may be comparatively efficiently converted.
Shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is a vertical axis type wind power turbine 22 of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, horizontal blade end plates 23 are provided respectively at the upper and lower ends of the blades 1. Due tothe presence of these blade end plates 23, the induced drag generated by the three-dimensional effect of the blades 1 will be reduced and the efficiency of the turbine 22 will be further improved. That is to say, these blade end plates 23 will ; 15 reduce the induced drag by preventing the reduction of the lift coefficient so as to make the aerodynamic char-acteristics of the blade approach those of the two-dimensional blade.
Obviously the embodiment shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is used for the vertical axis type wind power turbine of the first embodiment of the present invention but, needless to say, can be naturally used also for the wind power turbines of the second and third embodiments.
; ID the vertical axis type wind power turbine of the present invention, the number of blades is not limited `:

.

to three as in each embodiment. It is desirable to have a reasonable number oE blades depending on the site and meteorological conditions.
It is obvious that different embodiments can be formed in a wide range without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention. ~his invention is not limited to the specific embodiments except being limited in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A vertical axis type wind powered turbine comprising a plurality of vertical blades of an airfoil form, each of said blades comprising a leading edge, a trailing edge, a cord line extending between said leading and said trailing edge and a camber having reversing position provided on said chord line between said leading and trailing edges, each of said blades further having a camber having a radially inward convex curvature between said position and said leading edge and a camber having a radially outward convex curvature between said position and said trailing edge forming a mean line and a rational thickness distribution is given to said mean line.
2. A vertical axis type wind power turbine comprising a plurality of blades of an airfoil form, each of said blades comprising a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord line extending between said leading and said trailing edge and a camber reversing position provided on said chord line between said leading and trailing edges, each of said blades further having a camber having a radially inward convex curvature between said position and said leading edge and a camber having a radially outward convex curvature between said position and said trailing edge forming a mean line and a rational thickness distribution is given to said mean line; a support having a verticaly rotary axis provided parallel with a spanwise direction of said blades; and a plurality of supporting arms rotatably coupled to said rotary axis and respectively fitting and fixing a plutality of said blades at a distance to said vertical axis.
3. A vertical rotary axis type wind power turbine according to Claim 2 characterized in that said supporting arms support the blades at their upper and lower hands.
4. A vertical axis type wind power turbine according to Claim 2 characterized in that said supporting arms support the blades substantially at their centers.
5. A vertical rotary axis type wind power turbine according to Claim 2 characterized in that said supporting arms support the blades above and below that mid-span position.
6. A vertical rotary axis type wind power turbine according to Claim 2 characterized in that horizontal blade end plates are provided respectively at the upper and lower ends of the blades.
CA300,363A 1978-04-04 1978-04-04 Vertical axis type wind power turbine Expired CA1098042A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA300,363A CA1098042A (en) 1978-04-04 1978-04-04 Vertical axis type wind power turbine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA300,363A CA1098042A (en) 1978-04-04 1978-04-04 Vertical axis type wind power turbine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1098042A true CA1098042A (en) 1981-03-24

Family

ID=4111149

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA300,363A Expired CA1098042A (en) 1978-04-04 1978-04-04 Vertical axis type wind power turbine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA1098042A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9243611B2 (en) 2009-09-18 2016-01-26 Hanjun Song Vertical axis wind turbine blade and its wind rotor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9243611B2 (en) 2009-09-18 2016-01-26 Hanjun Song Vertical axis wind turbine blade and its wind rotor

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